delphidata.

com

Green
Hydrogen
Standardization

November 21, 2024

Swipe
 delphidata.com

Introduction (I)

There is a rise in the need for environmentally

friendly and sustainable energy solutions.

In the United States, the hydrogen economy

could generate 140 billion dollars and support
700,000 jobs by 2030.

The green hydrogen sector is set to experience

significant growth.

Source: Reda, B., Elzamar, A. A., AlFazzani, S., & Ezzat, S. M. (2024)
Swipe
 delphidata.com

Introduction (II)

Considering the increase in the development of

climate policies, hydrogen has a significant role
in enhancing sustainability and environmentally
friendly practices.

Hydrogen can be used in transport and many

other sectors to generate power and reduce
decarbonization.

Source: Mittal, H., & Kushwaha, O. S. (2024)

Swipe
 delphidata.com

Defining Green
Hydrogen

Green hydrogen is produced when water is

split into hydrogen and oxygen using only
electricity, with vapor being the only waste
product.

It has the potential to significantly contribute to

global green transmission and enhance low or
zero greenhouse gas emissions.

Source: Mittal, H., & Kushwaha, O. S. (2024)

Swipe
 delphidata.com

Current Standardization
Efforts

Green hydrogen production is hindered by the

lack of international standards and regulations.
This limits its potential to become a global
energy economy.

While ISO 14687 specifies the fuel quality for

hydrogen, it does not cover the overall
requirements for green hydrogen.

Source: Abad, A. V., & Dodds, P. E. (2020)

Swipe
 delphidata.com

Why Standardization
Matters

Standardization in the production of green

hydrogen provides a criterion for coordinating,
standardizing, and making the hydrogen
system transparent across areas and markets.

It simplifies the integration of green hydrogen

into energy systems and reduces costs for
producers, consumers, and regulators.

Source: Reda, B., Elzamar, A. A., AlFazzani, S., & Ezzat, S. M. (2024)
Swipe
 delphidata.com

Key Agencies in
Standardization

Currently, several organizations with different

mandates do green hydrogen production
standardization to create harmonized technical
standards for hydrogen in the European Union,
integrating sustainability factors into the whole
framework. They Include:
CEN
CENELEC
TUV SUD
CertifyHY

Source: Abad, A. V., & Dodds, P. E. (2020).

Swipe
 delphidata.com

ISO 14687 and

Hydrogen Fuel Quality

ISO 14687 specifies the minimum quality

characteristics of hydrogen fuel for use in
combustion engines, its impurities, and other
quality parameters for safe and efficient
hydrogen application.

However, it does not highlight the carbon

intensity or emissions contributing to hydrogen
production.

Source: Abad, A. V., & Dodds, P. E. (2020).

Swipe
 delphidata.com

European Standards:
CEN/CENELEC/TC 6

The European Standardization Committee for

Hydrogen summarizes terminology, including
sustainability factors like emission thresholds,
guarantees of origin (GO), and safety concerns.

One key goal of CEN/CENELEC/TC 6 is that

hydrogen standards should coincide with the
EU Green Deal and the Renewable Energy
Directive.

Source: Reda, B., Elzamar, A. A., AlFazzani, S., & Ezzat, S. M. (2024)
Swipe
 delphidata.com

TÜV SÜD Standard CMS

70

Green hydrogen is produced from renewable

energy sources, according to TÜV SÜD's CMS
70 standard.

The feature sets of the certified green hydrogen

products, CMS 70, ensure traceability of the
green hydrogen to the renewable energy
source to enhance low to zero carbon
emissions.

Source: Reda, B., Elzamar, A. A., AlFazzani, S., & Ezzat, S. M. (2024)
Swipe
 delphidata.com

Guarantee of Origin
(GO) Systems

The Guarantee of Origin (GO) system certifies

the renewable origin of electricity and
hydrogen.

It ensures transparency for cross-border

hydrogen trading, makes the origin of
hydrogen easier to document, and ensures that
consumers and businesses meet its
sustainability criteria.

Source: Reda, B., Elzamar, A. A., AlFazzani, S., & Ezzat, S. M. (2024)
Swipe
 delphidata.com

Emission Thresholds for

Green Hydrogen (I)

According to the European Union's previous

RED II regulation, emission intensity thresholds
for hydrogen produced based on renewable
energy sources are defined.

To be certified, each MWh of green hydrogen

had to meet a green hydrogen emissions
threshold of 36.4 gCO2e/MJH2.

Source: Reda, B., Elzamar, A. A., AlFazzani, S., & Ezzat, S. M. (2024)
Swipe
 delphidata.com

Emission Thresholds for

Green Hydrogen (II)

Hydrogen from non-renewable sources that

meet this limit is considered low carbon
hydrogen, and between this limit and 91
gCO2e/MJH2 is grey hydrogen.

Source: Reda, B., Elzamar, A. A., AlFazzani, S., & Ezzat, S. M. (2024)
Swipe
 delphidata.com

Emission Measurement
Methods

Emission measurement methods are classified

into absolute emissions and carbon intensity.

Absolute emissions measure the greenhouse

gases (GHGs) emitted into the atmosphere over
a specific period.

Carbon intensity measures the greenhouse gas

emissions per unit of some activity or output.

Source: Abad, A. V., & Dodds, P. E. (2020).

Swipe
 delphidata.com

Challenges in Setting
Universal Standards

Globally, green hydrogen production

technologies and policies vary, which is one of
the challenges of defining green hydrogen.

Countries and regions address renewable

energy, emissions reduction, and technology
neutrality differently, making creating a single,
universally applicable standard challenging.

Source: Abad, A. V., & Dodds, P. E. (2020).

Swipe
 delphidata.com

Technological Neutrality vs.

Environmental Ambitions

Technology neutrality specifies the boundary

support between fossil-fuel-based hydrogen
and renewable energy-based hydrogen.

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, hydrogen

technologies have been considered as a
strengthening mechanism for various
economies.

Source: Abad, A. V., & Dodds, P. E. (2020).

Swipe
 delphidata.com

Market-Based Standards:
The Banding System

The hydrogen emission intensity is classified

under the banding system, band A-D.

The system encourages using clean production

methods, which are flexible in the market.

It offers multiple bands for different emission

levels and allows technology to be utilized for
low-emission.

Source: Cheng, W., & Lee, S. (2022)

Swipe
 delphidata.com

Regional Differences in
Standards

Hydrogen standards do not harmonize regions;

instead, they create trade barriers
internationally.

Green hydrogen is defined and prioritized

differently in different countries: the energy
systems, policy aims, and market conditions
differ.

Source: Cheng, W., & Lee, S. (2022)

Swipe
 delphidata.com

Future of GO Tradeability (I)

Guarantees of Origin (GOs) are sometimes

called hydrogen certification schemes.

Once hydrogen is produced, it is difficult to

differentiate the carbon emissions and the end
products from the production process.

Certifications help distinguish low-carbon,

renewable, and other types of hydrogen.

Source: Cheng, W., & Lee, S. (2022)

Swipe
 delphidata.com

Future of GO Tradeability (II)

The GO market's future is positive. Yet, barriers

remain for trading GOs that are playable across
borders.

Transparency, certification processes, and

serverless applications could make GO
transactions easier and facilitate global market
integration.

Source: Cheng, W., & Lee, S. (2022)

Swipe
 delphidata.com

Toward Global
Standardization (I)

With hydrogen’s domestic use being limited, it

will become a globally traded good.

As a result, there is an increase in regulatory

fragmentation and hydrogen strategies which
does not benefit international trade in
renewable hydrogen.

Source: Cheng, W., & Lee, S. (2022)

Swipe
 delphidata.com

Toward Global
Standardization (II)

Standardization in the green hydrogen

production industry is important for:
Supporting investments
Providing a uniform framework for
measuring and certifying green hydrogen
Accelerating trade

Source: Cheng, W., & Lee, S. (2022)

Swipe
 delphidata.com

Toward Global
Standardization (III)

Growing economies can apply global standards

to hydrogen production, enhance technological
development, and promote positive
international collaboration.

Challenges abound, but international

organizations' ongoing work to promote a
global framework in which the growth of the
green hydrogen sector can occur will be
critical.

Source: Cheng, W., & Lee, S. (2022)

Swipe
 delphidata.com

Summary (I)

Green hydrogen has the potential to

significantly contribute to global green
transmission and enhance low or zero
greenhouse gas emissions.

The field of green hydrogen standardization is

quickly developing as countries worldwide
aspire to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.

Source: Cheng, W., & Lee, S. (2022)

Swipe
 delphidata.com

Summary (II)

Simulation of the standardization will bring

transparency, credibility, and justification to
realize the full potential of green hydrogen.

The green hydrogen economy is driven by the

reduced costs of renewable energy and
advancements in electrolysis technology.

Source: Cheng, W., & Lee, S. (2022)

Swipe
 delphidata.com

References (I)

Abad, A. V., & Dodds, P. E. (2020). Green

hydrogen characterisation initiatives:
Definitions, standards, guarantees of origin,
and challenges. Energy Policy, 138, 111300.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111300
Cheng, W., & Lee, S. (2022). How green are
the national hydrogen strategies?.
Sustainability, 14(3), 1930.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031930

Swipe
 delphidata.com

References (II)

Hassan, Q., Algburi, S., Sameen, A. Z., Salman,

H. M., & Jaszczur, M. (2024). Green hydrogen:
A pathway to a sustainable energy future.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 50,
310-333.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.08.321
Mittal, H., & Kushwaha, O. S. (2024). Policy
Implementation Roadmap, Diverse
Perspectives, Challenges, Solutions Towards
Low-Carbon Hydrogen Economy. Green and
Low-Carbon Economy.

Swipe
 delphidata.com

References (III)

Reda, B., Elzamar, A. A., AlFazzani, S., & Ezzat,

S. M. (2024). Green hydrogen as a source of
renewable energy: a step towards sustainability,
an overview. Environment, Development and
Sustainability, 1-21.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-04892-z

Swipe
 delphidata.com

ALL OF THE DATA IN THIS CAROUSEL

HAS BEEN OBTAINED FROM
DELPHI DATA LABS’
P2X/HYDROGEN DASHBOARD.
You, too, can obtain valuable hydrogen market
intelligence from our software.

Swipe
 delphidata.com

ARE YOU INTERESTED IN

HYDROGEN MARKET
UPDATES?

Click on the link in the

post and download our
Q3/2024 market
review.

+4368181296719 clemens.behrend@delphidata.com