Chemistry, Physics, Biology, ...
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ScribdTranslationsChemistry, Physics, Biology, ...
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ScribdTranslationsChemistry
Chemistry is the natural science that studies the composition, structure and properties of matter,
whether in the form of elements, species, compounds, mixtures or other substances, as well as
the changes they experience during reactions and their
relationship with chemical energy.1 Linus Pauling defined
it as the science that studies substances, their structure
(types and forms of arrangement of atoms), their
properties and the reactions that transform them into
other substances in reference over time.2 Chemistry,
through one of its branches known as supramolecular
chemistry, deals mainly with supraatomic groupings, such
as gases, molecules, crystals and metals, studying their
composition, statistical properties, transformations and
reactions, although general chemistry also includes an
understanding of the properties and interactions of matter at the atomic scale.
Physics
Physics (from Latin physica, and this from the
ancient Greek φυσικός physikós "natural,
relating to nature")3 is the natural science that
studies the nature of the most fundamental
components and phenomena of the Universe
such as energy, matter, force, movement,
space-time, physical magnitudes, physical
properties and fundamental interactions.456
The scope of physics is extraordinarily broad
and can include studies as diverse as quantum mechanics, theoretical physics, or optics. Modern
physics is oriented towards increasing specialization, where researchers tend to focus on particular
areas rather than being universalists, as were Albert Einstein or Lev Landau, who worked in a
multiplicity of areas.
biology
Biology (from the Greek βίος [bíos] "life", and -λογία [-
logía] "treatise", "study" or "science")12 is the natural
science that studies everything related to life and the
organic, including the processes, systems, functions,
mechanisms or other biological characteristics underlying
living beings in various specialized fields that cover their
morphology, physiology, phylogenesis, development, evolution, distribution and interactions at
the macroscopic and microscopic levels.3415
Biology deals with the description of the characteristics and behaviors of individual organisms and
of species as a whole, as well as with the relationships between living beings and the interactions
between them and the environment. In this way, it attempts to study the structure and functional
dynamics common to all living beings, in order to establish the general laws that govern organic
life and its principles.
Astrology
What is astronomy? Astronomy, whose root comes from the Latin
and Greek 'astron' (stars) and 'nomia' (normal or rule), is the branch
of science that is responsible for studying stars, satellites, planets...
And ultimately all the bodies that exist in the universe and the way in
which they relate to each other.
Astrology, in its broadest sense, is a set of traditions and beliefs that
hold that it is possible to recognize or construct a meaning of
celestial events and constellations, based on the interpretation of
their correlation with earthly events; this parallelism is used as a
method of divination and of inferring the character of people. 1 In addition to Western astrology,
Chinese astrology and Hindu or Vedic astrology have also become popular in Europe and America.
3 In general, astrology predictions lack scientific validity or explanatory capacity according to the
standards of modern science and are often considered pseudoscientific.
Geology
The word geology comes from the Greek "geo" meaning earth, and "logos" meaning treatise or
knowledge, therefore it is defined as the science of the earth
and aims to understand the evolution of the planet and its
inhabitants, from the most ancient times to the present day
through the analysis of rocks.
It is considered a historical science since it is based on the
premise that the current relief of the Earth is the result of a
long and varied evolution, therefore it analyses this spatial and temporal development to point
out the factors and forces that acted in the process and that have given it the form that we
currently know, both on the outside and inside of our planet. The rocks of the Earth's crust,
petrified remains and traces of organisms (fossils) are elements that have been used to make
biological history since they represent documents and testimonies that allow geologists to deduce
the conditions and events of past centuries.