Flora

1. Erythrina variegate
Botanical name: Erythrina variegata Family: Fabaceae (pea family)
Synonyms: Erythrina indica, Erythrina alba, Erythrina orientalis

Indian Coral Tree is a showy, spreading tree legume with brilliant red or white blossoms. This
highly valued ornamental has been described as one of the gems of the floral world. It is a
picturesque, broad and spreading, deciduous tree that can get 60-80 ft tall and spread 20-40 ft It has
many stout branches that are armed with black tiger's claw spines. There are curved spines (really
more like prickles) on the long leaf stalks too. The leaves are compound, with three diamond shaped
leaflets, each about 6 in long. Before the leaves come out in late winter or early spring, coral tree
puts on a spectacular show with bright crimson flowers 2-3 in long in dense terminal clusters. It
may flower a little during the summer, too. The beanlike pods that follow the flowers are
cylindrical, about 15 in long, and constricted between the reddish brown seeds.

2. teak
teak, (genus Tectona grandis), large deciduous tree of the family Verbenaceae, or its wood, one of
the most valuable timbers. Teak has been widely used in India for more than 2,000 years. The
name teak is from the Malayalam word tēkka.

The tree has a straight but often buttressed stem (i.e., thickened at the base), a spreading crown, and
four-sided branchlets with large quadrangular pith. The leaves are opposite or sometimes whorled in
young specimens, about 0.5 metre (1.5 feet) long and 23 cm (9 inches) wide. In shape they resemble
those of the tobacco plant, but their substance is hard and the surface rough. The branches terminate
in many small white flowers in large, erect, cross-branched panicles. The fruit is a drupe (fleshy,
with a stony seed) 1.7 cm (two-thirds of an inch) in diameter. The bark of the stem is about 1.3 cm
(half an inch) thick, gray or brownish gray, the sapwood white; the unseasoned heartwood has a
pleasant and strong aromatic fragrance and a beautiful golden yellow colour, which
on seasoning darkens into brown, mottled with darker streaks. The timber retains its aromatic
fragrance to a great age.

Native to India, Myanmar (Burma), and Thailand, the tree grows as far north as about the 25th
parallel in most of this area but to the 32nd parallel in the Punjab. The tree is not found near the
coast; the most valuable forests are on low hills up to about 900 metres (3,000 feet). Stands are also
found in the Philippines and in Java and elsewhere in the Malay Archipelago. Teak is also planted
in Africa, Central America, and South America.

3. Terminalia
Terminalia, genus of about 200 species of trees of the family Combretaceae. Some species are
commercially important for products such as gums, resins, and tanning extracts. T. arjuna, of
Southeast Asia; T. hilariana, of tropical America; T. obovata, of the West Indies and South
America; and T. superba, of West Africa yield woods used for cabinetwork, tools, and boat
construction. T. catappa, the Indian, or tropical, almond, is commonly cultivated for ornament,
particularly along streets in the tropics. Terminalia is a genus of large trees of the flowering plant
family Combretaceae, comprising nearly 300 species distributed in tropical regions of the world.
The genus name derives from the Latin word terminus, referring to the fact that the leaves appear at
the very tips of the shoots.
4. Bamboo
Bamboos are a diverse group of mostly evergreen perennial flowering plants making up the
subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae. Giant bamboos are the largest members of
the grass family, in the case of Dendrocalamus sinicus individual culms reaching a length of 151
feet (46 meters), up to fourteen inches (36 centimeters) in thickness and a weight of up to 990
pounds (450 kilograms).[3] The internodes of bamboos can also be of great length. Kinabaluchloa
wrayi has internodes up to 8.2 feet (2.5 meters) in length.[4] exceeded in length only by Papyrus. By
contrast, the culms of the tiny bamboo Raddiella vanessiae of the Kaieteur Plateau in French Guiana
are only 0.4–0.8 inches (10–20 millimeters) in length by about one-twelfth inch (two millimeters) in
width.[5][6] The origin of the word "bamboo" is uncertain, but it probably comes from the Dutch or
Portuguese language, which originally borrowed it from Malay or Kannada.[7]
In bamboo, as in other grasses, the internodal regions of the stem are usually hollow and the
vascular bundles in the cross-section are scattered throughout the walls of the culm instead of in a
cylindrical cambium layer between the bark (phloem) and the wood (xylem) as in Dicots and
Conifers. The dicotyledonous woody xylem is also absent. The absence of secondary growth wood
causes the stems of monocots, including the palms and large bamboos, to be columnar rather than
tapering.[8]
Bamboos include some of the fastest-growing plants in the world,[9] due to a unique rhizome-
dependent system. Certain species of bamboo can grow 91 centimetres (36 inches) within a 24-hour
period, at a rate of almost 40 millimeters (1+1⁄2 in) an hour (equivalent to 1 mm every 90 seconds).
[10] Growth up to 47.6 inches (156 centimeters) in 24 hours has been observed in the instance of
Japanese giant timber bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides).[11] This rapid growth and tolerance
for marginal land, make bamboo a good candidate for afforestation, carbon sequestration and
climate change mitigation.

5. Dalbergia sissoo
"Indian rosewood" redirects here. Indian rosewood may also refer to Dalbergia latifolia.
Dalbergia sissoo, known commonly as North Indian rosewood or shisham is a fast-growing, hardy,
deciduous rosewood tree native to the Indian subcontinent and southern Iran. D. sissoo is a large,
crooked tree with long, leathery leaves and whitish or pink flowers.
Description
Dalbergia sissoo is a medium to large deciduous tree with a light crown, which reproduces by seeds
and suckers.[4] It can grow up to 25 m (82 ft) in height and 2 to 3 m (6 ft 7 in to 9 ft 10 in) in
diameter, but is usually smaller. Trunks are often crooked when grown in the open. Leaves are
leathery, alternate, pinnately compound, and about 15 cm (5.9 in) long. Flowers are whitish to pink,
fragrant, nearly sessile, up to 1.5 cm (0.59 in) long, and in dense clusters 5 to 10 cm (2.0 to 3.9 in)
in length. Pods are oblong, flat, thin, strap-like, 4 to 8 cm (1.6 to 3.1 in) long, 1 cm (0.39 in) wide,
and light brown. They contain one to five flat, bean-shaped seeds, 8 to 10 mm (0.31 to 0.39 in) long.
They have a long taproot and numerous surface roots that produce suckers. Young shoots are downy
and drooping; established stems have light brown to dark gray bark, up to 2.5 cm (0.98 in) thick,
shed in narrow strips; large upper branches support a spreading crown.
Fauna
1. Tiger
"Tigress" redirects here. For other uses, see Tiger (disambiguation) and Tigress (disambiguation).
The tiger (Panthera tigris) is the largest living cat species and a member of the genus Panthera. It is
most recognisable for its dark vertical stripes on orange fur with a white underside. An apex
predator, it primarily preys on ungulates, such as deer and wild boar. It is territorial and generally
a solitary but social predator, requiring large contiguous areas of habitat to support its requirements
for prey and rearing of its offspring. Tiger cubs stay with their mother for about two years and then
become independent, leaving their mother's home range to establish their own.
The tiger was first scientifically described in 1758. It once ranged widely from the Eastern Anatolia
Region in the west to the Amur River basin in the east, and in the south from the foothills of
the Himalayas to Bali in the Sunda Islands. Since the early 20th century, tiger populations have lost
at least 93% of their historic range and have been extirpated from Western and Central Asia, the
islands of Java and Bali, and in large areas of Southeast and South Asia and China. What remains of
the range where tigers still roam free is fragmented, stretching in spots from Siberian temperate
forests to subtropical and tropical forests on the Indian subcontinent, Indochina and a single
Indonesian island, Sumatra.
The tiger is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. As of 2015, the global wild tiger population
was estimated to number between 3,062 and 3,948 mature individuals, with most populations living
in small isolated pockets. India currently hosts the largest tiger population. Major reasons for
population decline are habitat destruction, habitat fragmentation and poaching. Tigers are also
victims of human–wildlife conflict, due to encroachment in countries with a high human population
density.
The tiger is among the most recognisable and popular of the world's charismatic megafauna. It
featured prominently in the ancient mythology and folklore of cultures throughout its historic range
and continues to be depicted in modern films and literature, appearing on many flags, coats of
arms and as mascots for sporting teams. The tiger is the national
animal of India, Bangladesh, Malaysia and South Korea.

2. Bison
Bison are large bovines in the genus Bison (Greek: "wild ox" (bison)[1]) within the tribe Bovini.
Two extant and numerous extinct species are recognised.
Of the two surviving species, the American bison, B. bison, found only in North America, is the
more numerous. Although colloquially referred to as a buffalo in the United States and Canada,[2] it
is only distantly related to the true buffalo. The North American species is composed of two
subspecies, the Plains bison, B. b. bison, and the wood bison, B. b. athabascae, which is the
namesake of Wood Buffalo National Park in Canada. A third subspecies, the eastern bison (B. b.
pennsylvanicus) is no longer considered a valid taxon, being a junior synonym of B. b. bison.
[3] References to "woods bison" or "wood bison" from the eastern United States refer to this
subspecies, not B. b. athabascae, which was not found in the region. The European bison, B.
bonasus, or wisent, or zubr, or colloquially European buffalo, is found in Europe and the Caucasus,
reintroduced after being extinct in the wild.
While bison species have been traditionally classified in their own genus, modern genetics indicates
that they are nested within the genus Bos, which includes, among others, cattle, yaks and gaur,
being most closely related to yaks. Bison are sometimes bred with domestic cattle and produce
offspring called beefalo or zubron.
3. Four-horned antelope
The four-horned antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis), or chousingha, is a small antelope found
in India and Nepal. Its four horns distinguish it from most other bovids, which have two horns (with
a few exceptions, such as the Jacob sheep). The sole member of the genus Tetracerus, the species
was first described by French zoologist Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville in 1816.
Three subspecies are recognised. The four-horned antelope stands nearly 55–64 centimetres (22–
25 in) at the shoulder and weighs nearly 17–22 kilograms (37–49 lb). Slender with thin legs and a
short tail, the four-horned antelope has a yellowish brown to reddish coat. One pair of horns is
located between the ears, and the other on the forehead. The posterior horns are always longer than
the anterior horns, which might be mere fur-covered studs. While the posterior horns measure 8–12
centimetres (3.1–4.7 in), the anterior ones are 2–5 centimetres (0.79–1.97 in) long.
The four-horned antelope is diurnal (active mainly during the day). Though solitary by nature, four-
horned antelopes may form loose groups of three to five –with one or more adults, sometimes
accompanied by juveniles. This elusive antelope feeds on grasses, herbs, shrubs, foliage, flowers
and fruits. It needs to drink water frequently; as such it stays in places near water sources. The
breeding behaviour of the four-horned antelope has not been well studied. The age at which they
reach sexual maturity and the season when mating occurs have not been understood
well. Gestation lasts about eight months, following which one or two calves are born. They are kept
concealed for the first few weeks of their birth. The young remain with the mother for about a year.
4. Bonnet macaque
The bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata), also known as zati, is a species of macaque endemic to
southern India. Its distribution is limited by the Indian Ocean on three sides and
the Godavari and Tapti Rivers, along with its related competitor the rhesus macaque in the
north. Land use changes in the last few decades have resulted in changes in its distribution
boundaries with the rhesus macaque, raising concern for its status in the wild.
The bonnet macaque is diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrial. Males have a head-body length of 51.5–
60 cm (20.3–23.6 in) with a 51–69 cm (20–27 in) tail while females are 34.5–52.5 cm (13.6–
20.7 in) with a 48–63.5 cm (18.9–25.0 in) tail. Males weigh 5.4–11.6 kg (12–26 lb) and females
2.9–5.5 kg (6.4–12.1 lb). It can live up to 35 years in captivity.
The bonnet macaque feeds on fruits, nuts, seeds, flowers, invertebrates, and cereals. In southern
India, this macaque exists as commensal to humans, feeding on food given by humans and raiding
crops and houses.[

5. Flying squirrel
Flying squirrels (scientifically known as Pteromyini or Petauristini) are a tribe of 50 species of
squirrels in the family Sciuridae. Despite their name, they are not in fact capable of full flight in the
same way as birds or bats, but they are able to glide from one tree to another with the aid of a
patagium, a furred parachute-like skin membrane that stretches from wrist to ankle. Their long tails
also provide stability as they glide.[1] Anatomically they are very similar to other squirrels with a
number of adaptations to suit their lifestyle; their limb bones are longer and their hand bones, foot
bones, and distal vertebrae are shorter. Flying squirrels are able to steer and exert control over their
glide path with their limbs and tail.

Molecular studies have shown that flying squirrels are monophyletic and originated some 18–20
million years ago. The genus Paracitellus is the earliest lineage to the flying squirrel dating back to
the late Oligocene era.[1] Most are nocturnal and omnivorous, eating fruit, seeds, buds, flowers,
insects, gastropods, spiders, fungi, bird's eggs, tree sap and young birds. The young are born in a
nest and are at first naked and helpless. They are cared for by their mother and by five weeks are
able to practice gliding skills so that by ten weeks they are ready to leave the nest.
Some captive-bred southern flying squirrels have become domesticated as small household pets, a
type of "pocket pet".[2]