INVENTOR OF THE HVAC SYSTEM
Willis Carrier
is a 25 year old American engineer who’s also known
as for the invention of the modern air conditioning
system back in 1902.
INTRODUCTION TO HVAC SYSTEMS
What is an HVAC System?
HVAC System stands for Heating, Ventilation and
Air-Conditioning system.
Heating - is provided by the heaters are
whose purpose is to generate heat for the
building.
Ventilation - process of exchanging or
replacing in any space to provide high indoor
air quality which involves temparature control,
oxygen replinishment, odors, smoke, heat, dust
and other gases.
INTRODUCTION TO HVAC SYSTEMS
What is an HVAC System?
HVAC System stands for Heating, Ventilation and
Air-Conditioning system.
Air Conditioning - this is the actual system
that provides Cooling and Humidity Control
for all or part of a building. This comes in many
types such as: mini-splits unit, ductless
systems, and etc.
INTRODUCTION TO HVAC SYSTEMS
Energy Efficiency of HVAC System
In order to save energy expenses and lessen the impact on the environment,
HVAC systems must be energy efficient.
HVAC Maintenance and Upkeep
An HVAC system operates smoothly and effectively with regular maintenance.
This includes assessing other parts including coils and fans, cleaning or
replacing filters, and examining and cleaning ducts. Regular maintenance
prolongs the system's life and frequently avoids future expensive repairs.
INTRODUCTION TO HVAC SYSTEMS
Choosing the right HVAC System
Consideration factors like the budget, the local climate, the building type, and
the building space. Finding these elements can assist in reducing the number of
possibilities and selecting the best option.
TYPES OF HVAC SYSTEMS AND
AIRCONDITIONING TYPES,COMPONENTS
AND APPLICATION
TYPES OF HVAC SYSTEMS
AVM Ventilation (Hvac) Systems
Is the process of replacing
the dirty and clean air in
indoor shopping malls with
circulation. In addition, while
the dirty air is thrown out by
adjusting the temperature
and humidity, the clean air is
also carried inside.
TYPES OF HVAC SYSTEMS
Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems
Are HVAC systems that use
refrigerant to control the
temperature of multiple zones in a
building.
VRF systems components:
Outdoor condensing unit: Contains a
compressor that pressurizes the refrigerant
Indoor units: Heat or cool various zones
Refrigerant piping: Connects the indoor
and outdoor units
Branch selectors: Direct refrigerant to the
correct zones
TYPES OF HVAC SYSTEMS
ROOFTOP UNIT HVAC SYSTEM
An RTU (rooftop unit) is a self-
contained HVAC system that
provides heating and cooling for a
space, usually mounted on the roof
of a building.
RTUs are often used in commercial
and industrial facilities to provide air
conditioning and heating to large
areas.
TYPES OF HVAC SYSTEMS
INDUSTRIAL HVAC SYSTEM
They're complex machines that manage
climate control for large spaces like big
commercial buildings, factories or
office buildings.
Industrial HVAC systems are found in
many different types of facilities such
as factories, warehouses, office
buildings, airports, hospitals, and
shopping malls.
TYPES OF HVAC SYSTEMS
MINI SPLIT HVAC SYSTEMS
A mini-split HVAC system, also
known as a ductless mini-split
system, is a heating and cooling
system that can control the
temperature in individual rooms or
spaces. It has two main parts: an
outdoor compressor/condenser
and one or more indoor air-
handling units
IT is a type of heating and cooling
system that doesn't require any
ductwork.
TYPES OF HVAC SYSTEMS
PACKAGE TERMINAL AIRCONDITIONER
Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner
(PTAC) systems are commonly
found in hotels but can also be
used in residential settings. These
units are installed through an
exterior wall and provide both
heating and cooling.
Each type of HVAC system falls into one of two categories:
DUCTED
Use rigid metal ducts, flexible ducts, diffusers, and grilles to distribute air
from an air conditioner to living spaces.
Consist of a central unit with a condenser, compressor, and air handling
unit.
Deliver heating or cooling through a system of ducts spread throughout a
home or commercial space.
Ducted mini-split systems have indoor air-handling units and outdoor
condensers or heat pumps.
TYPES OF HVAC SYSTEMS
Each type of HVAC system falls into one of two categories:
DUCTLESS
It does not require ductwork to distribute conditioned air.
It consist of an outdoor unit and one or more indoor units,
referred to as air handlers or evaporators.
Ductless is ideal for creating independent temperature zones in
different rooms.
AIRCONDITIONING TYPES (DUCTED)
CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING
Central air conditioning is the most
common type in modern homes. It uses
a network of ducts to distribute cooled
air throughout the house.
The main components are typically
split between an indoor air handler
and an outdoor condenser unit.
AIRCONDITIONING TYPES (DUCTED)
CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING
Central air conditioning:
This system is often used in offices,
stores, restaurants, and other buildings
with multiple rooms and floors. It cools
the entire building by forcing cool air
through ducts and out through vents.
Central air conditioning systems are
typically controlled by a thermostat
and can be automated for energy
conservation.
AIRCONDITIONING TYPES {DUCTLESS}
WALL MOUNTED
is a type of air conditioning system where the indoor unit
is mounted on the wall,
USE & APPLICATION:
These systems offer both cooling during the summer and
heating in the winter, making them perfect for regulating
the temperature in individual rooms or areas.
Mini-splits are commonly used in multifamily homes or as
supplementary units in houses lacking ductwork. They are
also an excellent option for small apartments or added
rooms.
COMPONENTS:
Thermostat: Instructs the air conditioner when to turn on
and off, and determines the desired temperature.
AIRCONDITIONING TYPES {DUCTLESS}
CEILING SUSPENDED
It is a type of split air conditioning system installed on the
ceiling that circulates cool air across a room.
USE & APPLICATION:
It is commonly used in different settings because of its
efficiency, discreet design, and capability to cool or heat
large areas effectively.
In offices, open-plan areas, and meeting rooms, ceiling-
mounted air conditioners offer a discreet solution for
maintaining a comfortable temperature without taking up
precious floor space
AIRCONDITIONING TYPES {DUCTLESS}
FLOOR MOUNTED
It is a self-contained unit positioned on or near the floor
of a room. Similar to wall-mounted air conditioners, the
indoor unit is installed on the floor rather than the wall.
USE & APPLICATION:
floor-mounted air conditioners are used to cool large
living rooms, common areas, or open-plan spaces where
installing wall units is not ideal.
They offer effective cooling without blocking wall space
for furniture or artwork. The placement of the air
conditioner ensures a consistent flow of cool air at floor
level, where people usually sit or gather.
AIRCONDITIONING TYPES {DUCTLESS}
WINDOW TYPE
It is a self-contained air conditioning unit designed to be
mounted in a window or a specially constructed opening
in the wall.
USE & APPLICATION:
It is often used in homes to cool single rooms, particularly
in small apartments, individual rooms, or areas with
limited wall space for other types of air conditioners.
Window air conditioners are commonly used in small
offices, offering a straightforward and efficient way to
maintain comfort without the expense and complexity of
central air systems.
AIRCONDITIONING TYPES {DUCTLESS}
RECESSED CEILING CASSETTE
It is a type of air conditioning unit mounted in the ceiling,
typically recessed into the ceiling grid or a false ceiling,
with only the grille or vents exposed. This design makes it
a discreet and space-efficient option for cooling large
rooms or open spaces.
USE & APPLICATION:
It is a highly adaptable and efficient air conditioning
option installed in the ceiling, offering a stylish and
discreet method to cool or heat a space.
They are perfect for offices, particularly in open-plan
workspaces, as they deliver efficient and uniform cooling
without occupying precious wall or floor space.
HVAC SYSTEM
Definition of Terms:
Mechanical System
HVAC(Heating,Ventilation,and Air Conditioning) is a
mechanical system that controls the temperature,
humidity, and airflow in a building or space.
Designed to provide comfort and good indoor air
quality.
Terms Related to HVAC Systems:
BTU(British Thermal Unit)-A measurement of
energy used to indicate the rate of heating,
cooling, or humidifying.One BTU is the amount of
energy needed to raise the temperature of one
pound by one degree fahrenheit.
Central HVAC System-A system where the equipment is located in a
central room away from the building and conditioned air is delivered
through a ductwork system.
Packaged HVAC system
A system that contains both the heating and cooling units in a single cabinet.
Packaged HVAC systems are often used in smaller homes, condos, and other spaces that are short on
space. They can be installed in a variety of locations, including: On the roof, In a crawl space, Beside
the home, and Under an elevated deck.
Types of packaged HVAC systems
Packaged air conditioners: These units include a compressor, coils, and air handler in a single cabinet.
Packaged heat pumps: These units use heat pump technology for heating and cooling.
Packaged gas-electric: These units combine an air conditioner with a gas-powered furnace.
Packaged dual-fuel: These units include a heat pump for heating and cooling, as well as a gas furnace.
Mini-split system-also known as a ductless mini-split system, is a heating and
cooling system that can be used to control the temperature in individual
rooms. It consists of an outdoor unit and one or more indoor units that are
connected by a small conduit.
Multi-Zone Ductless Systems-Multi-zone systems
feature a series of individual air handlers connected to
a single outdoor unit. Since each air handler has a
thermostat, you can set different temperatures in each
designated zone.
Cassette unit-A type of air conditioner that is mounted
on the ceiling and is part of a split air conditioning
system.
Thermostat-A device that monitors the temperature of a system and
automatically adjusts it to maintain a desired level.
Building Energy Management System (BEMS)-a collection of software and
hardware that helps organizations control, monitor, and optimize energy
consumption in buildings. BEMS can control and monitor many building
systems, such as:
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC)
Lighting
Other energy-consuming equipment
Air Handler-a device that regulates and circulates air in a home as part of a
heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system,and located inside a
home like basements.
Heat Pump-a device that uses electricity to move
heat from one place to another, providing both
heating and cooling for a building:
Airflow Volume - it is the amount
of air that moves through a
space or device in a unit of time.
It's usually measured in cubic
feet per minute (cfm) or meters
cubed per second (m³/s).
Hot Wire Anemometer-is an
instrument that measures airflow
by measuring the heat loss of an
electrically-heated wire placed in
the air stream
Sensible heat ratio (SHR)-is the ratio of sensible heat to total heat transfer. It's
a dimensionless number used in HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air
Conditioning) to describe how much of the total cooling load is used to
reduce air temperature, rather than remove moisture.
The formula for SHR is:
SHR=qs/qtcap S cap H cap R equals q s / q t
𝑆𝐻𝑅=𝑞𝑠/𝑞𝑡
Where:
qs: is sensible heat (kW) Here are some examples of SHR values and what
qt: is total heat (kW) they mean:
100%: The evaporator only cools the air
80%: 80% of the evaporator load cools the air, while
the remaining 20% dehumidifies
Sensible cooling capacity (SCC)-it is the amount of cooling an air conditioner
can provide to reduce the temperature of a space. It's the portion of a cooling
system's total capacity that's used to cool the air.
Sensible cooling is the process of lowering the temperature of incoming air.
Sensible heat is the heat that causes a change in temperature of an object.
For example, when heat is removed from an object and its temperature falls,
the heat removed is sensible heat.
