INTRODUCTION
Dr Muhammad Farooq(pt)
PHYSIOTHERAPY
lPhysical therapy ( physiotherapy) is a health care
profession that provides treatment to individuals to
develop, maintain and restore maximum movement and
function throughout life. This includes providing
treatment in circumstances where movement and
function are threatened by aging, injury, disease or
environmental factors.
Physiotherapy is a primary-care, autonomous, client-
focused health profession dedicated to improving
and maintaining functional independence, preventing
and managing pain, physical impairments, disabilities
and limits to participation, and promoting fitness,
health and wellness (Canadian Physiotherapy
Association, 2000).
In developed countries patients are consulting the
physiotherapist directly and as well as through
referral system from primary health units and GPs.
REHABILITATION:
lThe process of restoration of skills by a person who
has had an illness or injury so as to regain maximum
self-sufficiency and function in a normal or as near to
normal manner as possible.
KINESIOLOGY
lKinetic movement
lOlogy discussion
BIOMECHANICS
BIOMECHANICS: BIO = LIVING
MECHANICS = FORCES & EFFECTS
The application of mechanics to the living organism
Involves the principles of anatomy and physics in the
descriptions and analysis of movement with mechanical
principles.
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CONT,
lHas many diverse applications to all biological systems
lThe study of biological structures, processes and
functions by applying the methods and principles of
mechanics
lBiomechanics is the science that examines forces
acting upon and within a biological structure and
effects produced by such forces.
lBiomechanics is the science which studies structures
and functions of biological systems using the knowledge
and methods of mechanics.
Hatze (1971)
KINETICS
lIt examines the causes of motion, the internal and
external forces that cause motion or cause a body to
remain at rest, and the interactions between these forces.
There are two branches of kinetics; STATICS and
DYNAMICS
STATICS:
Involves all forces acting on the body
being in balance, resulting in the body
being in equilibrium.
DYNAMICS
linvolves the study of systems in
motion while unbalanced due to
unequal forces acting on the body.
KINEMATICS
It describes the motion of a body
without
reference to the forces causing it.
Kinematics
examines how, when, and where a body
moves.
ELECTROTHERAPY
lApplication of electrical current for
therapeutic purposes
KINEMATIC CHAIN
A combination of several joints uniting
successive segments constitutes a
kinematic chain
Distal segments can have higher degrees
of freedom than do proximal ones
OPEN KINEMATIC CHAIN,
In an open kinematic chain, the
distal segment of the chain moves in
space
CLOSED KINEMATIC CHAIN,
lwhereas in a closed kinematic chain,
the distal segment is fixed, and
proximal parts move
ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONAL TERMINOLOGY
lAnterior: in front of
lAnteroinferior: in front and below
lAnterolateral: in front and to the side
lAnteromedial: in front and toward the midline
lAnteroposterior: relating to both front and rear
lAnterosuperior: in front and above
ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONAL TERMINOLOGY
lPosterior: in the back
lPosteroinferior: behind and below
lPosterolateral: behind and to one side
lPosteromedial: behind and to the inner side
lPosterosuperior: behind at the upper part
ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONAL TERMINOLOGY
lContralateral: opposite side
lIpsilateral: same side
lDeep: below the surface
lDistal: away from the midline
lDorsal: relating to the backside
lInferior: below another structure
lLateral: away from the median
lMedial: nearer to the median
ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONAL TERMINOLOGY
lProne: the body facing downward
lSupine: the body facing upward
lProximal: nearest the trunk or point of origin
lSuperficial: near the surface
lSuperior: above in relation to another structure
lVolar: relating to the palm of the hand or the sole of
the foot
Thank You
