Proposed Project Preparatory Technical Assistance for Technical Proposal

Balochistan Water Resources Development Project

Tech-1

a) Technical Approach and

1.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has provided Technical Assistance (TA) for
Balochistan Water Resources Development Project to the Government of Balochistan
(GoB) through Government of Islamic Republic of Pakistan. ADB will assist the
Implementing Agency (EA) in implementing the TA.

Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan in which scarcity of water is the critical
constraint to development. While some 87% of Pakistan's total available water is
contributed by the Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS), Balochistan lies at its periphery
and relies largely on non-perennial water. It has few perennial sources of water (from
IBIS and outside IBIS). Baluchistan’s water economy is highly segmented, with 18 river
basins accounting for its vast territory. The project has selected four river basins in
Balochistan to start with a Rapid Assessment for screening and prioritizing the 2 river
basin for detailed assessment of water resources and their deployment potential using
the Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) Approach briefly discussed
hereunder.

2.0 UNDERSTANDING OF OBJECTIVES

The Balochistan Water Resources Development Project has been aimed to;

 Comprehensive water sector analysis and improvement potential;

 Need identification for adopting Integrated Water Resources management

(IWRM) and Flood and Drought Risk Management (FDRM);

 Detailed assessment of Water Resources Development Potential for at least two

rivers basins and;

 Preparation of Water Resources Development Plan consisted of

projects/subprojects within the selected river basins

The Consultant fully understand these objective as they have been recently completed
a very similar project of Porali River Basin Development where IRBM or IWRM
approach along with FDRM has been used to identify the development potential and to

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prepare a development plan along with detailed engineering design and tender
documents for selected sub projects.

In the following section the IRBM approach Along with the relevant policies and strategy
of Government of Balochistan has been prepared which will be used as guidelines for
this project development

2.1 Integrated River Basin Management Approach

According to Integrated Water Resources Management, Global Water Partnership
(Technical Advisory Committee Background Papers, No. 4, 2000)

“Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) is the process of coordinating

conservation, management and development of water, land and related resources
across sectors within a given river basin, in order to maximize the economic and social
benefits derived from water resources in an equitable manner while preserving and,
where necessary, restoring freshwater ecosystems”

IRBM rests on the principle that naturally functioning river basin ecosystems, including
accompanying wetland and groundwater systems, are the source of
freshwater. Therefore, management of river basins must include maintaining ecosystem
functioning as a paramount goal. River basins are dynamic over space and time, and
any single management intervention has implications for the system as a whole.

2.2 Balochistan Water Resources Development Project

Initially four basins Zhob, Kacchi plain, Dasht and Hingol river basins have been
selected. A screening study in consultation with Irrigation Department of Balochistan will
be conducted to identify two suitable river basins. The project is expected to improve
land and water resources, agricultural production and farm income of 10,000 rural
households by bringing 10,000 ha of new land under cultivation; improving 20,000 ha of
irrigated land; and protecting 1,500 ha of watersheds. The project will

 Construct new small dams and flood irrigation (spate) systems;

 Improve 300 km of canals, drains, and karezes (subsurface water channels);

 Develop a satellite-based water information system; and

 Build capacity of the local communities, the ID and the Agriculture and
Cooperative Department (ACD)

Following are the areas of these river basins under consideration.

 Dasht River Basin 28,500 km2

 Hingol River Basin 37,150 km2

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 Zhob River Basin 16,100 km2

 Kacchi Plain 32,850 km2

In line with IRBM the Government of Balochistan has already approved its Integrated
Water Resources Management Policy and have prepared a comprehensive Watr Secor
Development Strategy, both briefly described hereunder which will be used as
Guidelines for the development of two river basin under the Balochistan Water
Resources Development Project

2.2.1 Government of Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management Policy

The Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Policy in Balochistan was

approved in 2006 which highlighted the reforms needed for water resources monitoring
and planning in the province. The policy also enforces the adoption of IWRM approach
for basin sustainability. The salient elements of the policy are reproduced as under:

 Establish adequate and reliable data acquisition systems for surface and
groundwater resources, agriculture and land use.

 Strengthen existing database and enhance modeling facilities for effective

planning and management of the resource.

 Develop and implement programs for capacity building of the data collecting
institutions.

 Enforce basin-wide approach for collection of data for surface (river-flows,

floodwater, runoff and precipitation) and groundwater to have reliable
assessment and monitoring of the resource.

 Enforce adoption of IWRM approach as a framework for planning, formulation

and implementation of water projects to achieve basin sustainability.

 Enforce and support adoption of basin approach as a hydrological unit for

sustainable planning, development and management of water resources for
agriculture.

 Undertake a Study for “Formulation of strategy and action plan for

restructuring and strengthening of WRPDM-IPD to address needs of water
sector institutions in planning, design, implementation and monitoring of
IWRM Projects.

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2.2.2 Water Sector Development under Balochistan Comprehensive Development

Strategy

As per Draft Balochistan Comprehensive Development Strategy 2013 -2020 the water
sector development will be as under;

“For the irrigation water, the strategy is clear that evolving Water Resource
Management System and Institutional Framework (IWRMA) will be central
to sustainable water use in the province. The theme is pillared on
undertaking river basin wide management of water with greater focus on the
flood irrigation Sailaba and creating water storages on all strategic locations
in the river basins and handling the Sailaba irrigation and dams command
area in an integrated manner. Under the Strategy, GoB will support
establishment of Drip Irrigation Manufacturing Plants in the province under
PPP mode for providing either front- end or back- end subsidy to get a
system introduced with full institutional support.
There is emphasis that water supply and sanitation requires a dedicated
attention and given the massive gap, it is planned to undertake integrated
water supply and sanitation system in partnership with the local
communities especially women through a community infrastructure
program for a minimum of 5000 settlements “

3.0 THE INNOVATIVE APPROACH

The Consultants on the basis of their long experience of designing and construction
supervision of major projects in Pakistan and other Countries have identified the
following three goals to achieve for successful completion of a project. These are:

 On Time Completion

 Acceptable quality of work

 Completion Within Budget

The salient features of the Consultants’’ approach to carry out the engineering designs,
preparation of tender drawings/documents and construction supervision for successful
implementation of proposed Project include, among others:

 Assignment of a group of Senior Highly Qualified Professionals with

hands-on experience on similar projects and in the application of state of the
art technology for project development, design and implementation;
 Development at the outset of the Project (and with detailed discussion with
Client) a well thought-out Work Program and Schedule keyed to the
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requirements of the project, with quantifiable performance standards and

milestones;
 Implementation of Project Quality Assurance System as part of the early
activities of the Project Management Team. The procedures and program for
quality review, checking and audit will be developed and monitored as the
design program proceeds.
 A central point of management is the Team Leader responsible for all
project activities in Head Office Team and coordinating other Senior
Engineers in the field of hydrology, agriculture, environment and economics
that may be also involved in the Field works. .
 In-depth knowledge of the most modern and latest technologies and
engineering disciplines involved with special emphasis on “State-of-the-Art”
GIS integrated Hydrological Modeling for more efficient and reliable
outputs that meet all project objectives with the speed and accuracy that this
project deserves.
 Flexibility to respond to change in project scope and design at various
stages of its execution;
 Effective internal and external communication between the project
stakeholders and Design teams.

In addition to the standard project management approach, the following

innovativeness in the project management approach will be adopted by the
consultants;

3.1 The Fast Track Approach

The Fast Approach for projects is a process that the Consultants’ Team is fully familiar
with as a result of their heavy involvement and experience on large projects sponsored
by international donor agencies. This has resulted in the formulation of a very specific
and integrated approach to the realization of such projects. The approach recognizes
that the traditional stages of progression have to be compressed to allow many of the
activities to be undertaken concurrently.

This compression is achieved by a multi-track approach to designing the key areas of

the project. In effect the fast track team concentrates on taking the field investigations
to technical and economic evaluation stage whilst the second `track’ team works
concurrently but to a longer time-horizon to prepare the detailed engineering and
Feasibility design development approaches and then progress them as the site
investigation, soil analysis data and design study results are available.

These fast tracks teams shall be in close communication during the early stages of the
program for Rapid Assessment and upon completion of the initial review of existing data
will then combine with the `second track’ team to initiate the detailed Assessment Task.
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This does not mean that any of the specific stages are overlooked but rather that the
activities are integrated into a more systematic overall project development process.
The main features of the integrated approach are:

 Immediate identification and implementation of the required additional filed

investigations of various components of the Project

 The field surveys and investigations including geotechnical and soil

investigations, soil and environmental surveys (to be carried out through sub
contracts) will be supervised by highly experienced personnel to provide
qualitative feedback to the design engineers and professionals as soon as the
work starts and the first borehole is being drilled.

 The evaluation and selection of sub projects as part of overall development plan
which are flexible and adaptable to modifications in the light of the specific
investigation results;

The Consultants consider that the completion of three stages of work covering the Data
Collection, Survey and Investigations, Engineering Studies and Feasibility Designs and
Tender Drawings/Documents can be achieved with this integrated approach within the
time frame proposed in the TOR. The main objective of this approach will be a quick
review of four basins and choice of two most appropriate basins for further study and
needed designs. While the field works will be in progress, the design team will quickly
undertake and complete desk studies and screening process for four proposed basin. .

3.2 Spatial Data Management through GIS

The Consultant has vast experience of designing and implementing Geographic
Information System for the management of spatially referred data for Natural Resources
Management. The nature of projects ranges from simple mapping and map based
databases to full resource analysis and resource management systems.

The GIS database software to be used on workstations would allow convenient and
swift access of project information at any level and in whatever details available. These
may include engineering levels, flow information, cross section along given stretch,
project profiles (L-sections), site plans at any scale etc.

3.3 GIS Based Hydrological Analysis

The consultants have extensive experience of
using GIS based Hydrological Analysis to
perform an integrated hydrological analysis for
the river basins by integrating GIS Spatial data
and mathematical principles to solve water-

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related problems in the River basin and to identify the problems of quantity, quality and
availability.

GIS base analysis required number of dataset from multiple disciplines like digital
elevation data, shape file of major stream etc. to run the hydrological analysis properly.
The data to be used in the River basins analysis may consist of Digital Elevation Model
(DEM grid) and the shape files of the River basins with complete length of main rivers
and their major tributaries. The Consultants are well familiar in using various processes
of hydrological analysis in the GIS environment such as stream generation, catchment
area delineation, sub watershed delineation, longest path flow. A GIS based Process
Flow Diagram for Hydrological Analysis has been shown here which will be used not
only for Detailed Assessment of Water Resources but depending on the available data
and information may be used for Rapid Assessment also..

3.4 Numerical Computer Models / Design Software

At various stages of design including but not limited to
hydraulic design and structural designs, the Consultants
will use latest computer models and software including
SeepW, SlopeW, HEC HMS, Aquaterra etc as and where
required. The irrigation Network design software, the
consultants are using not only provides users with
commands and tools to support the entire design process
– everything from the initial input of survey data and
complex 3D river/canal models with analysis tools to
documentation and publishing features – These design
software also includes functionality for DTM, alignments,
profiles, sections, modelling and hydraulic computations
and can easily handle large projects with alignment
lengths of several hundred kilometers.

As well as using high level software as are available,

commercially, the Consultants have developed a number
of their own programs for the design of water supply
related structures. All survey data will be collected in
digital format and all drawings are prepared using the
latest version of AutoCAD, which is now used as industry
standard for computer AIDED designs and drafting works.

Furthermore, the in-house developed programme have

enabled the Consultant to transfer and plot field and survey data collected through Total

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Station or other electronic survey devices directly to AutoCAD thus avoiding any manual
data entry error.

3.5 Project Management

The Consultants’ teams have strong background
of adopting Project management and cost control
procedures based on Microsoft Project and
Primavera Software. On a number of large
multibillion projects, the team of Consultants is
using these models for progress monitoring,
project scheduling and cost control. The
consultants’ hands on experience on the high-
performance project management software has
enables the team to handle large-scale, highly sophisticated and multifaceted projects.
Primavera application for this Project execution will ensure that mission-critical tasks
have been completed at maximum quality and time compliance.

Further specialist skills available with the Consultants’ team include participatory M&E
and information system for program implementation with GIS for storing and retrieving
extensive project data. The team members have designed Results-based Performance
Indicators for the water sector large projects and developed a long-term strategy on
operation and maintenance.

3.5.1 Quality Assurance and Quality Control

The issue of quality assurance and quality control procedures becomes of crucial
importance on such a project. In order to achieve acceptable levels of reliability in the
information in this fast track situation, it will be necessary to continuously review and
check the designs, drawings and construction quality and performance.

The multi-disciplinary nature of the project and the need to integrate a complex of
different elements into a coherent transmission system put immense importance on this
activity that is made even more crucial because of the fast track programme and
execution of work in two stages.

The compilation of design documents, calculations, drawings, specifications will require

close attention to document control procedures particularly as parallel working in
virtually all areas of the project will be required. Again this points to the vital importance
of project management and quality assurance.

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4.0 TASKS INVOLVED

As it has been mentioned in the RFP document that the consultants have to carry out
the following four major tasks;

 Task-I Rapid Assessment of Four River Basin and Selection of Two River
Basins

 Task-II Detailed Assessment of Two Selected River Basins

 Task-III Prepare Feasible Sub Projects within Selected River Basin
 Task-IV Preparation of Detailed Feasibility and bid Documents for Selected Core
sub

The Consultants, in the following section have briefly described their understanding of
proposed tasks, identified the major activities to be carried out for completing these
tasks and presented the methodology to be adopted.

As it has been mentioned earlier that due to limited time frame of this project, a much
squeezed time frame has been adopted for timely completion of this project.
Accordingly, it is not necessary that the above mentioned tasks will be carried out in a
sequential manner. In fact, while adopting the Fast Track Approach, a number of
activities and sub activities have been identified for the succeding / following task which
will be initiated during the implementation of any ongoing task.

For example, the detailed topographic surveys, geotechnical investigation, agricultural

surveys, spocial and economic surveys and environmental studies are not part of Task
1 (The Rapid Assessment) but the TOR preparation and and sub contractor
engagement process can be initiated while the team is engaged in the Rapid
Assesment task and screening, ranking and prioritization of four river basins.

In the same way, while Feasible sub projects will be in preparation as part of Task –III,
the detailed design criteria and typical designs for irrigation network, storage dams and
other major interventions can be iniitied. In the same way, the preparation os standard
bidding documents, specification, contract special conditions etc. can be started at a
very early stage as an independent activity although it is part of Task IV.

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5.0 RAPID ASSESSMENT OF FOUR

RIVER BASIN AND SELECTION OF
TWO RIVER BASINS Task 1
The Consultants’ activities will start from the
mobilization and project setup which also include the
deployement of required staff as per project work plan
and Manning Schedule and establishment of
coordination and liason office in Quetta.

It will be following by the following major activities to complete the Task 1;

 Collection & Compilation of All Available Data and Reports

 Review of avilable data, reports and maps

 Development of Geographic Information System along with satellite-based water

information system for Balochistan

 Desk Study for Initial Water Resources Assesment in the four basins

 Desk Study for Social and Enviormental Aspects

 Review of Completed/ on-going Water Resources devlopment projects

 Development of screening, ranking and selection criteria

 Screening Study for Each River Basin

 Selection of two River Basins

The activities have been briefly discussed in the following;

5.1 Collection & Compilation of All Available Data and Reports

All relevant project documents and data/studies/investigations will be collected from PD
office and Irrigation Department and other concerned departments and agencies. It has
been envisioned that the Consultant has to collect the following data and reports;

 All relevant available sectoral information including GoB’s development and

investment plans, prefeasibility and feasibility studies, literature and other
secondary data on water availability, uses and management;

 All the water related information that are required to develop satellite-based
water information system for Balochistan;

 Reports – It includes collection of all previous work on the project, and all flow
data available with Irrigation Department Balochistan.

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 Topographic maps, including Survey of Pakistan Maps, Local Survey

Maps ,River Survey Maps

 Soil Data including Soil Surveys

 Meteorological Data available with Meteorological Department. Including
temperatures, rainfall wind data, evaporation, humidity, etc.
 Available Social data and environmental data
 Data on economic and financial aspects
 Existing agriculture

5.2 Review of available data, reports and maps

The Consultants will review all available data and reports. The review will enable the
Consultants to identify the need for further surveys and investigation. The review will
also aimed to enlist alternative project layouts considering irrigation and power benefits
of the project.

The Consultants will also review the field survey and Investigation work previously
currently undertaken by ID proposed projects in different river basins. Based in this
review, the Consultant will also propose measures (if any) to improve the quality of
survey work and to ensure a reliable and dependable data set available for the
feasibility.

5.3 Development of Geographic Information System along with satellite-based

water information system for Balochistan
GIS application development is basically customization of existing GIS software to meet
specific needs. The applications may be as simple as a set of preferences that are
stored for each user group or individual. Or they may be very complex queries that
select a group of layers, identify features of interest based on attribute ranges, creates
variable width buffers, perform a series of overlays and produce a hard copy map. In
either case, an application is required to convert the user’s ideas into a usable, stable
product. In a large number of cases after using simple application, the users become
more experienced with GIS and then they require more complex applications.

GIS Applications will be built on Arc GIS software system. This package provides the
functionality common to all user disciplines. Although Arc View is the most
comprehensive and popular software package, being a commercial GIS package, it also
tends to focus on the common or basic applications. The Consultants have the full
capability and plan for using customization tools and macro programming for GIS
development to fulfil the needs for required functionality. Though there is a great deal of
commonalty in the basic spatial queries and display functions, there will be still a need
for advanced application programming. The following elements are included project GIS
systems. Techno Consult International
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 Data Input

 Data Storage

 Data manipulation and analysis

 Integration with Design and Maintenance Modules

 Integration with Relational database

 Reporting, Mapping, Charting

The development of GIS base map is a fundamental step for any GIS development
which requires a large amount of data from various sources and digitization of all data
not available in the digital format. For the first task of this project, the Consultants will
use the satellite based data avilable through various sattelite maps along with Google
maps to prepare the base maps for all the identified four River Basins.The prepared
maps will be used as a basic plateform for the Rapid Assesment of Water Resources
and their development potential in all the fur basins. The Consultantsw will integrate all
the database to be developed on the basis of avilable agricultural, irrigation, social and
enviornmental aspects so that thematic mapping may be carried out to enable the
consultants to prepare and present the GIS based criteria for the prioritiztion of
identified four basins.

5.4 Desk Study for Initial Water Resources Assessment in the four basins
The Hydrological aspects of the four river basins will be incorporated in the Geographic
Information System and a desk study using GIS hydro models will also be carried out to
prepre the initial water balance for the identified four basins. It is expected that the
required data will be avilable through the avilable studies and projects which can be
used to carry out the initial watr resources assesment in terms of Hydrological
parameters, avilable surface and ground water, preliminary estimate of current water
use and other components of water balance at basin level.

5.5 Desk Study for Social and Environmental Aspects

Based on the collected data and information, the Consultants will carry out the desk
study on agriculture, natural resources and rural development (ANR) sector’s situation
analysis regarding social, economic and environmental water uses and its
management.The data gaps and issues and problem with current management will also
becarried out.

5.6 Review of Completed/ on-going Water Resources development projects

In each river basin a number of development projects have been implemented or under
implementation through various development projects / schemes on which all avilale
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data will be collected by the consultants to find their impact on current water use in the
basin. The Consultants based on their involvement in Balochistan have some
information of major projects recently implemented or under implementation in the four
basins are listed hereunder;

 Mirani Dam was completed in 2007 on Dasht River with reservoir capacity of
302,396 Acre ft. The dam is a source of drinking water supply for nearby cities
and towns (Gawadar, Pasni, Sunster ect). Some irrigation areas is also
allocated with the dam but it is not fully developed as yet. The reservoir also
contains Substantial space for the flood control which makes the life simpler in
the downstream area. The river is finally reaching into the Arabian Sea.

 Sabak Zai Dam is constructed on Zhob river about 4 year ago and is Located
about 40 Km north of Zhob town. This dam is provided both irrigation and
drinking water in the nearby area. The Zhob river basin is finally draining into
river Indus.

 150 ft high Hingol Dam is proposed on this river which will provide about 1.3
Million Acre. Ft of water for about 80,000 acres of land. However, due to
different social and environmental issue are unresolved and that are holding out
the project implementation stage.

 Dasht river have two major tributaries Kech and Nahang. These two joins each
other near Turbat city and Mirani dam is located about 25 Km below to this
confluence. All the Catchment area of Kech river is coming from eastern
direction, while that of Nahang is from western direction and about 60% of that
area is located in Iran. Nahang river enters in Pakistan near boarder town of
Mand.

 Two large scale water development proposal were studied under BALAD project
in Dasht river basin during 1985-86 under USAID funding. One of them was Kil
Kuar dam near Hoshab in upper catchment of Kech river. While the other was
Goberd weir for diverting of flood water from Nahang river few km east of Mand
city.

5.7 Development of screening, ranking and selection criteria

Based on the initial assessment of four river basins and with due consultation with
major stakeholders a screening and ranking criteria will be prepared and agreed which
may include water resources development potential, social and environmental aspects,
economic condition of the basin and security aspects of the basin.

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5.8 Screening Study for Each River Basin

Once the ranking criteria has been prepared and agreed, the consultants will prepare a
screening report for each sub basin and develop a priority list / ranking of four identified
basins on the basis of agreed criteria. The Screening report for each basin may include
initial water assessment, current water use, existing and on-going water resources
development projects, agricultural status in the basin and demographic situation

5.9 Selection of two River Basins

The Rapid Assessment study will be concluded with the selection of two river basins
based on the screening study carried out for each basin and the ranking criteria agreed
with the stakeholders. The selected / top ranked two river basins will be recommended
to the client and will be finalized after a due consultation process with major
stakeholders specially Irrigation Department and Asian Development Bank officials.

5.10 The Inception Report

The Task 1, “Rapid Assessment of Four River Basin and Selection of Two River
Basins” will culminate with the submission of project Inception Report that will be
submitted along with screening reports and recommendation for two selected basins.
The updated work plan and staffing schedule will also be included in the project
inception report.

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6.0 DETAILED ASSESSMENT OF THE

SELECTED TWO RIVERS BASINS
After Selection of few core schemes in two river basins for
further development site visit program will be made
Task 2
accordingly. These sites may be for storage dams or
diversion weir sites of flood or perennial flows. Team
Leader with other professional, including hydrology,
Geotechnical engineer and agricultural engineer may visit
first for the initial assessment or conditions.

The detailed assessment of selected two basins will also include Regional diagnostic of
the River Basin broadly covering all the aspects including climatic assessment,
hydrology, socio-economic condition and existing environmental condition. In the
following sections the activities to be carried out for detailed assessment of two river
basins have been briefly presented;

6.1 Topography and Terrain

Detailed topography and terrain survey of the basin area will be carried out. The
Consultants will prepare the detailed TOR to carry out this topographic survey from the
3rd party as proposed in the RFP document. These River Basin survey will present
number of peculiar features ranging from plain to high mountains and barren to
cultivated land, sandy beaches, rugged promontories, and may be tidal creek in case of
Hingol and Dasht River basins.

All these river basin may be divided into several sub basin based on alignment,
mountainous, small hilly and relatively flats areas.

6.2 Assessment of Water Resources in Each River Basin

River gauge stations may be available in these River Basins and available discharge
data will be collected and analyzed. Necessary correlation will be worked out to assess
long term flow series. . Wells of the project area will be surveyed to determine their
current level. This provides us the baseline for groundwater availability in the
subsequent studies and during implementation phase.

6.2.1 GIS Based Hydrological Analysis of Selected River Basin

Arc Hydro will be used to delineate and characterize watersheds in raster and vector
formats, define and analyze hydro geometric networks, manage time series data, and
configure and export data to numerical models like SWAT. The data used in Four River
basins analysis will consist of Digital Elevation Model (DEM grid) with resolution of 10 m
generated after detailed topographic survey and a shape file of Techno
these River basin with a
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lengths may be in few hundred Km. Several processes required for the extraction of
catchment area each River basin such as stream generation, catchment area
delineation, sub watershed delineation, longest flow path.

6.2.2 Digital Elevation Model (DEM)

The huge amount of topographic data collected from detailed topographic surveys,
extracted from satellite image processing and digitization of all available data and maps
will be required to incorporate in GIS to developed Digital Elevation Model for each
River basin. The Triangulated Irregular Networks (TIN) will be developed for vector
based representation of the physical land surface of the each river basins and
converted into grid format to use with Arc Hydro. The pixel resolution of data grid is 10
m, which is most appropriate for hydrological analysis of four River basins. The DEM is
then clipped to the stream buffered area (5 cell sized DEM) and is processed to obtain
the flow direction grid. It has been reconditioned or in other words burned with the
streams which raise the elevation of the cells that surround the stream. This will be
done to ensure that all the water that falls on the basin is captured by the stream and
the stream follows the same path as according to survey data.

6.2.3 Drainage Points location and Grid Delineation

Drainage points are set up at the places where the maximum flow accumulation is
found. These points can be considered the outlet of each sub catchment. The use of
catchment grid delineation is to determine sub catchments of the whole catchment. It
uses both flow direction and stream segmentation. Cells found in the sub catchment will
have the same grid identification thereby different sub catchments have different grid
identification.

6.2.4 Sub Basin Delineation

Sub-basins are based on the flow direction grid and stream link grid. The stream
segments (catchment areas) between the junction’s results in a stream link grid. The
sub basins identified on the basis of hydrological modelling. The detailed maps of each
sub basin in four river basins will be produced.

The movement of water depends on the soil type and vegetation cover. The amount of
rain lost due to interception storage on the plants depends on the type of vegetation and
has a significant effect on the infiltration capacity of the soil. Dense vegetation covers
the soil from raindrop impact and reduces the problem of erosion. As vegetation cover
decreases, the surface runoff increases resulting in increasing sediment transportation
to the streams. For each of the delineated sub-basins, land use and soil data will be
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defined for modeling of various hydrological and other physical processes in each river
basin. The land-use map from satellite imagery data was prepared in the Arc Hydro
model will be used as input to SWAT model.

Quick assessment for four river basins will be completed after data collection, initial field
visit, desk work with help of collected data and GIS related techniques. A matrix for
losses/benefits, advantage/disadvantages and environmental friendly or otherwise for
each river basin under consideration will be developed over the course of study.
Different sub projects will be identified based on our study and with the consultation of
Irrigation Department accordingly.

6.3 Assessment of Other Natural Resources in Each River Basin

Assessment of natural resources will be presented in this section which includes soil,
water, agriculture, livestock, flora & fauna and protected areas. The assessment is
mainly based on primary and secondary data collected through a series of field surveys
and from relevant departments.

6.3.1 Soil, Land and Vegetation

Land is categorized by three major ownership categories i.e. privately owned land,
grazing land and state owned land. The majority of the privately owned land in most of
the areas in different River Basins in Balochistan is for agriculture. Small-scale mining is
common in the several areas and conservation of wildlife in different reserves in shape
of National Parks or Forest Reserves.

Rangelands and vegetation condition will be assed in four river basins. Most of the
areas in Balochistan are hilly, semi hilly and plain areas, where vegetation is very
scanty and consists of desolate shrubs.

Balochistan region is found to be suitable for cold blooded animals like lizards, snakes
and tortoises/turtles. Therefore, a large number of species of snake and lizards are
common in most of the area and a study will be carried out for all these natural
resources. .

6.3.2 Protected Area

Hingol National Park comprising of an area of 47,000 ha, is reserve for wild life
conservation Dasht and Hingol Rivers both drains into the Arabian Sea. Ecological
features, flora and fauna will be evaluated in this area.

6.4 Climate and Climatic Change

To assess the climate and climatic changes that occurred in the region of Balochistan
several years of temperature winds and precipitation data for the several climatic
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stations will be collected within the watershed boundaries was analyzed. Statistical
analysis will be performed using moving average for all these meteorological stations to
generate trend lines in order to evaluate climate variability in the area on annual basis.

Temperature analysis will be done on monthly and annual basis and if required Linear
Regression for this parameter will be done to see that if there is any change in
temperature (increase/decrease). From this work it will be decided that climate change
of these (watershed) river basin have some global climate change behavior or not

6.5 Current Water Use in the Selected Basins

6.5.1 Water Consumption

Surface and ground water in four river basins will be assed for the purposes like
irrigation and domestic use. There is not any substantial industry in any river basin so
water resources are not utilized for any industrial purposes. Flood/Spate irrigation and
Tube well irrigation are the main methods adopted by the local farmers. It will be also
known that what % of the households has access to water for domestic use and what %
of households fetch water from ponds and/or stagnant water at distant places.

6.5.1.1 Potable water supply

Drinking water is obtained from tube wells in most of Balochistan area, open surface
wells, springs and water supply schemes in urban areas of Balochistan area also not
un- common. Total estimated population of these River Basins is about 1 million.
Domestic water consumption will be assessed after confirmation of papulation and
water use parameter such as irrigation, live stocks, domestic and others (small scale
industry), such as stone mining and crushing.

6.5.1.2 Agriculture and Livestock

It is known that in four river basins, most of the area is irrigated through rain fed, Spate
(Sailaba), and Khushkaba (water harvesting) depending on the water availability in the
respective area.

To evaluate the project’s Agro-economic impact, a detailed field survey of sub basins in
nearby villages of four River Basins will be conducted and data will be collected on
recall basis from cultivators and people rearing livestock in the project area

It is common in Balochistan that during Kharif (summer) season, major crops grown are
cotton, guar, fodders, sesame and sorghum. Wheat, tomatoes, onions, peas and fodder
are cultivated during the Rabi (winter) season. On the basis of collected data, it is
observed that the crop yields (without project) are low because the farmers of four River
Basins follow traditional agronomic methods and employ low quality inputs in less
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quantity. Employment of modern agricultural technique and improved seeds would

contribute to increasing crop yields and bring more area under cultivation.

Major livestock that may be present in the project area are goats, sheep, cows, oxen,
camels and donkeys. Livestock growth, weight and reproduction depend upon the
weather conditions and availability of water in the area. Survey will be carried out to
obtain information regarding the crop cultivation and livestock rearing. Various maps are
generated showing the cultivated area which covers northern as well as southern
regions of the watershed. Data will be collected for covered area of every crop,
fertilizers used, yield, production, price, and number of irrigations. It was assessed that
both, Rabi and Kharif crops are grown in the study area. Using this data, irrigation
requirement for every crop will be calculated, considering leaching requirement and
losses. Based on irrigation requirement for the whole basin, the total volume of water
needed for irrigation in each sub basins and selected sub project.

Crop water requirement will be calculated by using CROPWAT and priority will be given
to high yield area based on available water and suitable type of soils.

6.6 Assessment of Water Resources Development Potential

6.6.1 GIS Based Analysis

Arc Hydro of ArcGIS will be used to perform an integrated hydrological analysis for four
river basins by utilizing accurate scientific data and mathematical principles to solve
water-related problems in each basin and to identify the problems of quantity, quality
and availability. The data used in each River basin analysis will be consisted of Digital
Elevation Model (DEM) grid with a resolution of 10 m. The data is generated by the
model after detailed topographic survey and a shape file of River Basins. Several
processes will be carried out on the catchment area of the each River basin for the
extraction of information such as stream generation, catchment area delineation, sub
watershed delineation, longest flow path, etc.

6.6.2 Hydrologic Modelling

Present scenario will be analyzed for strategic planning and development of the
watershed for future. To obtain these objectives, following steps were followed:

 Surface water assessment by using Hydrologic and Hydraulic Models

 Flood plain mapping

 Identification of existing prone areas

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Watershed modelling will be carried out in order to estimate water balance of the whole
watershed. The modelling includes simulation and calibration. All the input parameters
were imported to SWAT model to simulate the stream flows and the stream gauge data
was used for calibration of simulated data. The results will be calibrated simulation that
presents volume of water in terms of evapotranspiration, runoff, base flow and deep
percolation. Stream flow is sum of runoff and base flow. Based on site surveys and
calculations, an additional base flow component added as the water from deep
percolation at upstream results in perennial flow throughout the year.

From the analysis, it will be concluded that in average year how much water will be
generated in each river basin. Volume of available water with 80% probability and it will
be compared with present water use.

6.7 SWOT Analysis

For each river basin WRMDP, the SWOT (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and
Threats) matrix will be prepared and short listing decision will be made accordingly.
After the analysis, degree and importance of following selected issues are discussed in
detail

 Water Scarcity

 Environment

 River Basin Approach

 Socioeconomics

6.8 The Reports on Task –II Completion

The Task II will culminate with the preparation and submission of the following reports;

 Sector analysis and strategy review report

 Rivers basins assessment and water balance report

 Climate change impact and vulnerability assessment

 Interim report

 Soil and water quality report

 Agricultural study report

All these report will cover the activities to be carried out for the assessment of water
resources in the selected basin, the potential for development and proposed strategy for
the development plan.

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7.0 PREPARATION OF DEVELOPMENT

Task 3
PLAN PRESENTING FEASIBLE
SUBPROJECTS WITHIN THE
SELECTED BASINS
Once the Water Resources Development potential is
identified under Task 2 of this project, Water Resources
Development Plan will be prepared for each selected
basin. As the RFP specified that this project will cover
construction of new small dams and flood irrigation (spate) systems and improvement /
construction of 300 km of canals, drains, and karezes, the sub projects to be included
as part of development plan will not only cover these development infrastructure but it
will also include all associated aspects / infrastructure required for the sustainability of
this development plan.

The main objective of the proposed development plan presenting the feasible and
sustainable sub projects will be to catalyze, promote, support, implement and monitor
sustainable development. This includes;

 Conservation and sustainable use of natural resources

 Environmental sustainability

 Conservation of Echo-System including Wetlands and Reserved Areas

 Human Resource Development

 Improvement of the quality of life of people

 Increased surface water availability and reduced groundwater depletion

 Increased water productivity through a combination of engineering,

management, and agricultural measures.

 Expanded local capacity and participation of farmers to implement similar

schemes and formulate plans for sustainable water resources development and
watershed management.

7.1 Proposed Irrigation Improvements

As already mentioned, spate irrigation system is followed in various parts of
Balochistan; therefore, it is an important consideration to enhance flood water
techniques for agriculture purpose. The existing conditions show that there are 9
perennial irrigation schemes which get their water directly from the river with
rudimentary arrangement for diverting water. Therefore, agricultural lands located on
both sides of the river are highly vulnerable in times of heavy flooding. By applying

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management techniques, overflow can be controlled by diverting or storing excess

water and saving lands from inundation.

7.1.1 Criteria for Development

The following parameters will be given due consideration in the planning of all the
development works in two proposed river basins.

 Community participation in planning and execution;

 Sustainable improvement in socio-economic conditions;

 Sustainable use of natural resources;

 Flood control and management;

 Guaranteed Potable Water Supply;

 Soil Conservation and Erosion Controls;

 Groundwater Protection and Management;

 Sustainable and efficient use of perennial and flood flows;

 Operation and Maintenance of Hydraulic Structures;

 Efficient Distribution and application of Irrigation Water;

 Enhancement of Agricultural Outputs and

 Conservation of Wetland, Flora and Fauna

With full compliance to this criteria the following components of two river basins are
proposed

7.1.2 Perennial Irrigation Schemes

In each basin the sources and volume of

perennial flows will be identified where Plantation Check Dams
normally rudimentary diversion arrangement
from main rivers or its major tributaries are
used for perennial irrigation. The proposed
development works for the Perennial Irrigation Water Spreading Bunds
Schemes may include improvement of water
source, diversion/intake structure and lined
irrigation network. These works will result in the establishment of improved irrigation
water supply to the existing traditionally developed schemes. In addition to providing
controlled irrigation water to existing schemes, additional land will be brought under
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cultivation. Land users will be able to expand and diversify crop production and will fully
participate in the development. The development initiative aims to augment the incomes
of the farmers to assist them to develop the proposed increased command area and
assisting the beneficiary communities in forming and strengthening linkages with locally
based irrigation service providers. Implementation will focus on improving the
availability of water and providing extension and institutional support to facilitate
improved crop production techniques and will stimulate entrepreneurial activities at the
village level.

7.1.3 High Head Weirs / Barrages

For small scale irrigation schemes based on diversion from selected rivers, this option
may be a better choice where a number of small schemes existing in a series will be
combined together through a common head works in the form of High Head Weir or
Barrage. This component may include construction of large weirs, providing irrigation
water for all the existing perennial irrigation schemes through irrigation water supply
canals on both sides of the river thus allowing a higher head with necessary banks
protection work that will results additional command area for the project.

7.1.4 Irrigation Network

This component will improve the present operation of all the existing schemes along
with new command areas to be developed in two selected River Basins. Activities will
include lining irrigation channels, and providing associated structures such as flow
division and small storage tanks. These schemes are similar to those undertaken
previously where farmers have demonstrated that they can take full control and
maintain these systems. This component will also provide greater focus on farmer’s
participation through on-job training to develop skills for Small Scale Irrigation Schemes
(SSIS) operation and maintenance. Finally, this component will include watershed and
rangeland activities and introduce on-farm water management (OFWM) in the project
areas and beyond. OFWM practices will focus on introducing and propagating high
efficiency irrigation systems and helping farmers conserve precious fresh water
resource through proper conveyance systems and efficient use.

7.2 Flood Dispersal / Spate Irrigation Structures

Flood diversion or Spate Irrigation System is defined as “diversion of floodwater through
natural, earthen or weir regulated structures and channelized into a water conveyance
network for delivery to the command area as per agreed water rights and allocation
rules”. This diversion not only provides water for irrigation but also reduces the flood
intensity for the downstream areas.
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Spate Irrigation is a traditionally used system for diverting hill torrents into cultivable
command areas for growing seasonal crops. It usually entails the construction of an
earthen diversion weir across the torrent with large channels on one or both sides of the
river to convey flood water across large distances. In line with the traditional system, a
properly designed system provides greater control over the flood flows and includes a
concrete weir, sediment exclusion skimming weir and sluice, flow regulator and limiter
on off taking flood canals and sediment settling basin. The site of the weir is usually
selected at a point where the gradient of the flood torrent is not so steep that its
momentum becomes uncontrollable.

7.3 Flood Control and Water Storage Works

A number of locations will be identified where small dams and embankments can be
constructed to store the flood water and to minimize the damages caused by
uncontrolled flash floods in the main Rivers. After detailed review of various possible
locations, the sites will be selected to store the water and to control / reduce the flood
flows in the .river and surrounding areas.

7.3.1 River Training Works

During the field surveys along river banks if flood damages are observed at any or
number of locations as well as river meandering, necessary banks protection works will
be designed. Accordingly, this component is proposed which may include construction
of Protection bunds and spurs in the Rivers to prevent erosion of river banks and to
save adjacent cultivable lands. The location of such bunds will be identified on the basis
of flood inundation scenarios simulated for future Project conditions.

7.3.2 Structural Flood Mitigation

Structural mitigation includes construction of floodwalls, protective gabions,

embankments, terraces, etc. to reduce the effect of flood. Strategy lies in choosing the
optimal option in terms of reduced flooding impact and minimization of future risks.
Evaluating the generated map of flood scenario, some strategies are proposed in this
section concerning the storage of excess flood water and its efficient distribution.

 Terraces

 Construction of Reservoirs

 Filter strips/ Vegetation

 Gabions, head weirs, embankments

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7.4 On Farm Water Management Works

Farmers traditionally practice flood irrigation that reduces water use efficiency and are
yet to readily adopt improved land management and agronomic practices. Command
area channels are commonly unlined resulting in 40 to 50 percent conveyance losses
coupled with limited provision of storage tanks to encourage more efficient use.

High efficiency irrigation such as bubbler and trickle systems are extensively used in
many water scarce areas. Efforts have been made over the past 20 years to introduce
High Efficiency Irrigation Systems (HEIS) in Balochistan. Successful uptake of new
technologies has traditionally been highly limited most pertinently due to the electricity
subsidy for tube wells which acts as a disincentive for adopting an efficient alternative,
initially high capital investment costs, limited technical backstopping and limited
availability of spare parts.

With the development of Water Resources, there is a dire need to use irrigation water
judiciously and improve conveyance and application efficiencies with the active
participation of irrigating communities.

7.5 Watershed and Rangeland Development

Potential for improving vegetation cover and
biomass exists in government owned forests
and in rangelands and watersheds owned by
the mobilized communities. Rangeland
vegetation quickly responds to management
and rehabilitation activities compared to forests
that take longer time to gain its healthy
condition.

Local communities urgently need to change their pattern of land and associated
resource use to improve the long-term sustainability of the environment and their
livelihoods.

Intensive activities are needed in the selected River Basins to rehabilitate the
watersheds in close collaboration with the Agriculture, Irrigation, and Forest
departments and local communities.
Moreover, some of the existing irrigation
systems are affected by silting and erosion.
Interventions will be distributed according to
gradient and degree of degradation of the
watershed and rangelands and according to

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the needs identified by local communities. The proposed intervention may include the
following;

7.5.1 Watershed Management

Watershed management improvement will entail soil and water conservation measures
including gulley plugging, contour ditching, improvement of check structures and level
dykes. Improvement of communal woodlots will be focused within lowland fan areas. A
major focus will be community mobilization for planning, design and management of
rehabilitation activities to ensure sustainability
of protected areas. Planning of site selection Earthen Ponds
for structures will be based on topography,
degree of degradation and in accordance to
need as identified by local communities.

In brief various control measures are:

Vegetative measures (Agronomical

measures)

 Strip cropping

 Pasture cropping Plantation in Hillside Ditches

 Grass land farming

 Wood lands

Engineering measures (Structural practices)

 Contour bonding

 Terracing

 Construction of earthen embankment

 Construction of check dams

 Construction of farm ponds

 Construction of diversion

Gully controlling structure

 Rock dam

 Establishment of permanent grass and vegetation

 Providing vegetative and stone barriers

 Construction of silt detention tanks

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Most of the above proposed measures do not involve heavy costs and therefore can be
easily implemented with proposed development works in the river basins for water
source improvement and transmission network. The selection of any specific
measure(s) will obviously involve detailed site investigation along with community
awareness and participation.

7.6 Social and Environmental Assessment

Following Social, Environmental and Legislative Aspects will also be studied as part of
Development plan preparation for each selected basin.

7.6.1 Analysis of Environment and Social Structure

Data collected on the basis of above stated Data Acquisition Framework will be collated
and analyzed under comprehensive analytical frameworks developed. Following profiles
of the project areas will be prepared on the basis of comprehensive analyses:

 Physical Environmental Profile

 Socio-Cultural and Economic Profile

 Climatic Conditions Profile

 Water Profile (surface and sub-surface)

 Biological Environmental Profile

 Archaeological and Religious Sites Profile

Preparation of profiles will document the overall setting of the project areas.

7.6.2 Determination of Potential Impacts of the Proposed Project

TORs stipulates that impacts should be determined with respect to significant positive
or negative, direct or indirect, short-term and long-term, unavoidable or irreversible, and
cumulative impacts of the proposed development. Environmental impacts will be
determined for both execution and operational stages of the interventions.

Following is a detailed description of approach and methodology that would be

undertaken by environmental specialist with respect to TORs:

7.6.3 Orientation Sessions

As a first step, orientation session will be conducted with the key officials of client with
the aim to achieve a common ground of understanding of the various issues of the
study. Additionally, this activity will aim at achieving coordination among the
Consultants and the Client for efficient execution of work.
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7.6.4 Description of the Project and Development of Data Acquisition Plan

Subsequent to the concept clarification and understanding obtained in Task-1, project

documents available with the client will be reviewed in detail to prepare the project
description and to identify the amount of data available about project area to fulfill the
requirements of the study.

In addition, data analysis will be conducted to identify the gaps in the available
information. This analysis will also help in identification of data to be collected from the
secondary and primary sources. On the basis of project document review and the study
requirements, a detailed data acquisition plan will be developed for the internal use of
the consulting team. The plan will identify the specific requirements of primary and
secondary data and their sources to determine the time schedules and responsibilities
for their collection; and also indicate the logistics and facilitation needs for the execution
of the data acquisition plan. Following table presents the Data Acquisition Framework
for the Proposed Study.

7.6.4.1 Data Acquisition Framework

Parameters Variables Method Tools/Sources

Geology, It is expected that Tools: Checklists

topography, soil, most of this
natural information will be
hydrological/drainag available from the Sources: Project
e features and project document. In
Physical Document, Survey of
characteristics, the case of gaps,
Environment Pakistan, Google
surface drainage and additional information maps, Soil Survey of
flood will be collected from Pakistan, Geological
secondary as well as
Survey of Pakistan,
primary sources. Irrigation Department
etc.

Social, Social structure: -Random sample Tools: Structured

Cultural and Ethnography, based household questionnaires for
Economic poverty profile, survey will be household survey,
Environment employment, land conducted through check lists for
ownership, literacy, structured institutional surveys,
education and health questionnaire for existing maps for land
status. preparing the social use,
and demographic
profile of the project
area. 1998 Census
Socio-cultural
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Parameters Variables Method Tools/Sources

environment: data will also be used

for the same purpose.
land use, Sources: Random
communication -Hospitals and major sample based
pattern, proposed private clinics will be household survey,
developments, public surveyed to compile major hospitals and
health issues, the health profile of private clinics,
demographics, the area. proceedings of the
existing livelihoods of focus group
community, existing -Focus groups will be discussions, Google
infrastructure and organized to maps, Union Council,
activities in document the Highway Department
surrounding areas perceptions of the and Irrigation
communities about Department etc.
the proposed project.

-Land use profile will

be prepared on the
basis of Union
Council, Google maps
and field verification

-Infrastructure profile
of the project areas
will be prepared by
conducting
institutional surveys

Temperature, Climate pattern will be Tools: Checklist

precipitation and developed on the
Climate evaporation basis of secondary
Pattern data from Metrological Source: Metrological
Department Department

Water Profile Underground water, Data on the ground Tools: Institutional

surface water, water and surface water surveys and laboratory
use quantities is expected sample testing.
to be available from
the project document.
If not available then Sources: Project
most probably it will document, WAPDA,
be collected from Irrigation Department
WAPDA and Irrigation and laboratory test
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Parameters Variables Method Tools/Sources

Department. reports.

Quality of ground and

surface water will be
established on the
basis of sample
environmental testing
by the environmental
laboratory. Quality of
water testing will be
conducted to
establish use for
irrigation, livestock,
and human
consumption.

Biological Forests/vegetation Forest/vegetation Tools: National and

Environment cover, existing cover profile of the international literature
wildlife (flora & area will be prepared review, Checklists
fauna), rare or on the basis of Forest
endangered species, Department Data,
sensitive habitats, Union Council data, Sources: Forest
species of Google maps and Department, Union
commercial field surveys. Council, Google maps,
importance, WWF-Pakistan,
migratory path of Wildlife Department
birds, nuisance Wildlife and ecological and field verifications.
species, pests and profile of the area will
vectors be prepared on the
basis of field survey
and validated through
secondary sources
and accordingly
extrapolated.
secondary information
will be available with
WWF-Pakistan ,
Wildlife Department,
Biodiversity Guide to
Pakistan and IUCN

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Parameters Variables Method Tools/Sources

Red List for Species

Protected areas, Protected areas Tools: National and

protected built identification will be international literature
heritage based on officially review, checklists, and
designated national Google maps.
parks and
conservation areas by
the National Council Sources: National
of Conservation and Council of
Pakistan Conservation, Federal
Environmental and Provincial
Assessment
Archaeological
Procedures.
Archaeologica Departments, field
l Sites verification and
Pakistan
Protected built Environmental
heritage buildings will Assessment
be identified on the Procedures
basis of Federal and
provincial
Archaeological
Department database
and community
consultations for the
religiously important
areas.

7.6.5 Analysis of Environment and Social Structure

Data collected on the basis of above stated Data Acquisition Framework will be collated
and analyzed under comprehensive analytical frameworks developed on the basis of
tools mentioned in Table-1. Following profiles of the project areas will be prepared on
the basis of comprehensive analyses:

 Physical Environmental Profile

 Socio-Cultural and Economic Profile

 Climatic Conditions Profile

 Water Profile (surface and sub-surface)

 Biological Environmental Profile Techno Consult International

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 Archaeological and Religious Sites Profile

Preparation of profiles will document the overall setting of the project areas.

7.6.6 Legislative and Regulatory Considerations

Federal and Provincial Environmental Protection Act covers the Environmental Impact
Assessment requirements. Other legislations at the Federal and Provincial levels those
are relevant to the study listed below. Review and compliance guidelines for these
legislations will also be incorporated in the report.

 Wildlife Conservation Protection

o Baluchistan Wildlife Act

 Forest Conservation

o Forest Act 1927

o Cutting of Trees (Prohibition) Act 1975

 Land Use

Applicability of these legislations for the proposed project will be stated and
consequently appropriate actions to be taken by the client will be proposed.

7.6.7 Determination of Potential Impacts of the Proposed Project

TORs stipulates that impacts should be determined with respect to significant positive
or negative, direct or indirect, short-term and long-term, unavoidable or irreversible, and
cumulative impacts of the proposed development. Environmental impacts will be
determined for both execution and operational stages of the interventions.

7.6.8 Environmental and Social Impacts

The primary and secondary data will be used to review the proposed project impacts
(positive or beneficial and negative or adverse or harmful) on physical, biological and
human environment of the project area during the construction and the operational
phases. Following screening criteria will be used to identify the severity of the
environmental impacts of the proposed project:

 Not applicable

 Insignificant (no or minimal impacts)

 Low adverse (short term reversible or less damage to the environment)

 Medium adverse (long term reversible damage to the environment)

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 High adverse (sever irreversible damage to the environment)

 Low beneficial (short term benefits or less beneficial to the environment)

 Medium beneficial (long tern benefits to the environment)

 High beneficial ( perpetual benefits to the environment)

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8.0 PREPARATION OF DETAILED

FEASIBILITY AND BID DOCUMENTS
FOR SELECTED CORE SUB PROJECTS
After the agreement with the client about feasibility of
Task 4
selected two or three core sub project the following works
will be completed for the detailed feasibility and
preparation of Bid Documents for such works: These
works may be dams, barrages, flood protection works and
associated irrigation and water supply systems.

8.1 Detailed Feasibility Design of Dam and Spillway

It is inherent in fast track design that design forms and approaches have to be fixed
very early in the design process. The designer as far as possible must attempt to devise
concepts and design types which are relatively insensitive to likely areas of variation in
key parameters or constraints in order to reduce the likelihood of divergence or
instability occurring in the design elevations. This is particularly applicable for the
proposed small dam Project construction environment. Risk analysis - usually
quantitatively based - therefore plays an important part.

Detailed design approaches will vary according to components of work under

consideration. In some cases it will consist of a detailed development and expansion of
preliminary specifications looking at detailed options for best fit and value.

For the embankment works for example, the detailed design will be an iterative process
to achieve the best balance between a number of different requirements (safety and
technical) and constraints and will involve significant analysis and numerical
computation.

The convergence and timely outcome of the process could be strongly influenced by
the emerging data from the site investigations and the modeling studies which are likely
to come during the course of design programmer.

Hence the importance of adopting as far as possible relatively insensitive concepts for
the design. Certainly the aim in the later stages (detailed stage) of design is to improve
the reliability of the design solution and the accuracy and coherence of the design
information and documentation to a level which can be safely used for construction.

8.1.1 Dam Stability Analysis

Stability of an embankment dam and its response to flood events of given return period
is studied by finite element seepage analysis in transient conditions coupled with limit
equilibrium and probabilistic method for stability analysis. Seepage analysis has to be
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carried out to model the saturated/unsaturated flow within the reinforced soil and the
artificial levee and obtain the pore water pressure
distribution during flow events. Safety factor has to
be computed by limit equilibrium method at different
time steps of the flood event. A number of software
packages and computer models are available to
carry out the seepage and slope stability analysis.
The Consultants have extensive experience of
using these models for the design and analysis of
earthen dams including a number of dams in the similar environments.

The Consultants will use SEEP/W and SLOPE/W packages to analyze the pore water
pressure distribution and stability of slopes respectively for the Small dam’s
embankment. SEEP/W is finite element software that can be used to model the
movement and distribution of pore water pressure within porous material such as soil
and rock. Similarly the SLOPE/W uses the limit equilibrium theory to solve for the factor
of safety of earth and rock slopes.

The slope stability analysis will be carried out for the most critical conditions envisaged
to be encountered during the life of the project. The different cases considered for the
purpose are:

 End of Construction

 When the reservoir is full and steady seepage occurs and

 Rapid draw down of the reservoir level

8.1.2 Dam Seepage Analysis

Unsaturated and saturated flow within the

earthen dam will be modelled using the finite
element seepage analysis model SEEP/W. The
model is based on the equations of motion and
mass conservation. The first is the law of Darcy,
originally derived for saturated soil, to simulate
the flow of water through both saturated and
unsaturated soil. In this case, the hydraulic
conductivity is a function of water content and
of pore-water pressure. Relationships between volumetric water content and pore water
pressure, and between hydraulic conductivity and pore water pressure are defined by
the volumetric water content function (characteristic curve) and hydraulic conductivity

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function (k-curve), respectively. The mass conservation equation is in the form

extended to unsaturated conditions

The 2D finite-element flow model will be used to compute seepage on Small dams
cross sections. The model will be used to model confined, partially confined, and
unconfined flow situations. For partially confined and unconfined flow situations, both
the saturated and unsaturated flow is simulated and the phreatic surface determined.
SEEP/W can model complicated 2D seepage problems involving complex model
geometries and soils that are nonhomogeneous and anisotropic. It is a steady-state flow
model and will compute the flow value at each node of the finite-element mesh. From
these values, flow lines and equipotential lines are plotted showing the resulting
seepage flow net.

8.1.3 Slope stability Analysis

Soil or rock masses with sloping

surfaces like earthen dams are subject
to forces associated with gravity and
seepage which cause instability.
Resistance to failure is derived mainly
from a combination of slope geometry
and the shear strength of the soil or rock
itself.

The influence of different contributory

factors on the factor of safety of a slope varies in time due to a variety of factors.

It must be appreciated that the causes of instability are often complex and any attempt
at classification will be approximate and incomplete. The Working party on World
Landslide Inventory have proposed a list of causal factors grouped under four main
headings:

 Ground conditions

 Geomorphological processes

 Physical processes

 Man-made processes

The short-term variations in factor of safety may occur due to seasonal variations in
groundwater levels while longer term trends may reflect the influences of weathering or
longer term changes in groundwater conditions. This approach is useful in emphasizing
that landslides (and slope instability in general) may not be attributable to a single
causal factor.
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From the physical point of view it may be useful to visualize slopes as existing in one of
the following three stages:

 Stable: the margin of stability is sufficiently high to withstand all destabilising

forces.
Marginally stable: likely to fail at some time in response to destabilizing forces
reaching a certain level of activity.

 Actively unstable: slopes where destabilizing forces produce continuous or

intermittent movements.

 These three stability stages provide a useful framework for understanding the
causal factors of instability and classifying them into two groups on the basis of
their function:

 Preparatory causal factors - which make the slope susceptible to movement

without actually initiating it and thereby tending to place the slope in a marginally
stable state.

 Triggering causal factors - which initiate movement. These causal factors shift
the slope from a marginally stable state to an actively unstable state.

 Rapid drawdown: In earth dams, rapid reductions in the water level produce
significant and potentially dangerous changes in pore water pressure. This
occurs because the water in the soil tends to flow back into the reservoir through
the upstream face. In this scenario, even a period of some weeks may bring
about a 'rapid' change in the pore water pressure distribution.

The stability analysis of embankment dams will be performed using software Slope/W
for the application of limit equilibrium methods. Only possible mass failures of the
embankment or portions of it are considered, not including failures by overtopping or
piping. Pore-water pressures at the base of each slide will be specified using the pore
water pressure distribution obtained by the seepage analysis for each time step of the
computation.

Different shear strength parameters, according to typical values proposed in literature,

will be assigned to the various materials used for the three scenarios (more permeable,
intermediate, less permeable).

8.2 Design of Irrigation Network

The water Distribution System from dams or barrages will be designed to meet the
project requirements as per irrigation water requirements in the entire Culturable
Command Area (CCA).

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8.2.1 The Design Methods:

An automatic design process will be used for the design of Dam Distribution System. In
the process, the strip survey data will be transferred into spreadsheet from where it will
be used in the canal design software. The in-house developed canal design software
helped the design engineer to properly and efficiently design the cross and long
sections of the canal based on defined criteria and field conditions. The output of canal
design software transferred into an in-house developed software SCRIPT for automatic
longitudinal section generation in AutoCAD. The canal design software output was also
exported to an in-house developed Visual Basic Module to quantify earthwork (cut and
fill) for the given cross and longitudinal sections and surveyed NSL along canal
alignment. The fully automatic procedure not only increased the speed and minimized
the iterative procedures for canal design but also ensured outputs free of human data
entry errors.

8.2.2 Hydraulic Design Criteria for Canals:

The Consultants will develop the design criteria for the design of irrigation system
network of Small dams Project. The consultants have in-house developed software for
the design of canals system using Manning’s equation. The iterative process in the
equation has been solved in the model with design results based on preset criteria. The
software not only streamline the designing process but also generates input files for
SCRIPT, the script files generator for AutoCAD and for MS Excel based module for the
computation of earthwork.

8.2.2.1 Manning’s Equation:

The Manning’s formula, which was empirically derived towards the end of the last
century, relates discharge to the area of flow, the slope of the energy line, the shape of
the channel and the roughness of the boundaries of the channel. Manning’s formula is
expressed as follows:

Q = A Sf0.5 R2/3 / n
Where:
Q = the discharge [m3/s]
A = the area of flow [m2]
Sf = the slope of the energy line
R = the hydraulic radius = A/P [m]
P = the wetted perimeter of the flow [m]
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n = Manning’s roughness coefficient

Main Canal And Distributaries: The canal sections will be designed for design flows
gradually reducing with each offtake. A number of structures are already proposed on
each canal including drop structures, aqueducts, road crossings and offtake structures.
The off-take structures may be designed using two different approaches.

8.2.2.2 Semi modular Open Flume Type.

The basic principle of this type of outlets is producing a super critical flow and allowing
for the formation of a hydraulic jump to make the discharge independent of the level in
the off-taking canal. The discharge in the open flume outlet is given by:

Q = K B G 3/2
Where
K = Discharge Coefficient varying between 2.9 to 3.0
B = Throat Width
G = Head at crest

8.3 Design Criteria for Diversion Weir and Headworks

Hydraulic design of the Headworks including Barrage/weir, Under Sluice and Head
Regulator is based on criteria described in Section 17 “Barrages and Dams on
Permeable Foundation” given in “Handbook of Applied Hydraulics” by C.V. Davis.

The international as well Indo-Pak sub-continent practice to design barrages and

diversion weirs is for peak discharges of floods of 50 to 100 years frequency. Few
references are quoted below:

 USBR (1967), Design Standard No.3, Canals and Related Structures, Chapter 3
– Diversion Dams, Section 3.4 – Maximum Flood Flow. “Diversion dams are
designed to safely pass flood flows of 50-or 100-year probable frequency”.

 Bureau of Indian Standard Guidelines IS:6966 Part I (1989): “Hydraulic Design

of Weirs – Guidelines” have recommended following floods for alluvial reaches:

 Standard Project Flood (SPF) or 500 year return period flood for designing
freeboard. Neutral

 50 years return period flood for designing of items other than freeboard

 Sharma & Sharma (2004), Irrigation Engineering, Chapter 10 – Headworks

Section 10.14: “Waterway or the length of the barrage is fixed to cater for the
maximum flood discharge corresponding to 50 year frequency” page 262.

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 “Generally, a freeboard of 1.5 to 2m above affluxed water level on the upstream

side due to flood of 500 years frequency or the standard project flood and above
the highest flood level (unretrogressed) on the downstream side is provided”
page 264.

 Iqbal Ali (1993), Irrigation and Hydraulic Structures, Chapter 3 – Low Head
Diversion Dams, page 52: “Depending on the life of the structure, capital cost,
and economic importance of the project, the design flood can be 50yr or 100yr
flood”.

 Government of Balochistan (1988), Weir Design Manual, Part 6 – Hydraulic

Characteristics.

Whenever possible it is recommended that the following design criteria be adopted:

 The main weir and stilling basin should be deigned to pass a 1 in 50 year flood,
with a two to three feet freeboard to the top of the abutments.

 The weir should then be checked for a 1 in 100 year flood. The peak flow should
be allowed to encroach on the freeboard, but not overtop the abutments and the
stilling basin should be checked to ensure that the jump remains on the basin.

 Minor upstream and downstream guide bunds and channel protection bunds
should be designed for a 1 in 25 year flood event where overtopping and failure
of the bunds will not result in catastrophic failure of the weir”.

 Davis (1993), Handbook of Applied Hydraulics, 4th Edition, Chapter-12,

Barrages and Dams on Permeable foundations, page 12.4.

 “In Pakistan and India, barrages were formerly designed to pass the maximum
flood previously experienced, with some margin of safety. In terms of modern
hydrology the designs in practice were capable of accommodating floods of
about 40 or 50 year frequency”.

8.3.1 Weir Layout and Components

The diversion weir will be designed for the following requirements:

 Raise the water level to ensure continuous irrigation water supply to the
command area

 To prevent incoming sediment bed load from entering the main canal.

The head works and associated structures consists of the following components:

 Overflow Weir

 Under sluice
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 Head Regulator

 Guide Bunds and Retaining Walls

8.4 Preparation of Bidding Documents

We fully understand the principal requirement of getting all tender documents approved
by GOB and ADB. Care will be taken in determining most appropriate packaging and
configuration priority core subprojects first.

The construction schedule to be appended to Tender Documents will clearly identify

milestones of major activities, mobilization, site setup, concurrent operations,
commissioning and hand over dates, maintenance periods, site accessibility, weather,
and security conditions.

Tender Documents shall be prepared according to the format specified and in use by
GOB. It will include: Description of Project, Specifications, Bill of Quantities (B.O.Q),
Special Conditions of Contract, Construction Drawings and Engineer’s Estimates. We
shall provide requisite number of copies of complete sets of drawings, specifications
and Tender Documents. Draft copies of these documents will be discussed with the
representatives of ADB before finalization for issue to the GOB. .

8.4.1 Preparation of Tender Drawings

As the detailed design of each component of the work will progress, Tenders Drawings
will be prepared. The drawings will show level of details sufficient for any experienced
Tenderer to fully assess the requirements of the project and to enable final quantities to
be taken-off. The drawings will clearly indicate the interfacing of and coordination
between the civil, electrical and mechanical works and equipment.

The Quality Control / Quality Assurance System established by the Consultants for the
project will check all details and interface of works with each other to avoid any potential
problems. The Drawings will fully relate to the Projects Technical Specifications and
clearly set out the designer’s intent.

All drawing would be prepared using AutoCAD, the most widely used CAD software in
the World.

The Tender Drawings will thus include and will not be limited to the following:

 Location Plan

 General Layout

 Setting out Control points

 Bore logs of sub-soil borings (if any)

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 Location Plans of likely sources of fill material, concrete aggregates and road
base/sub-base materials.

 Reservoir Embankment Plans and Profiles

 Typical X-sections of Embankment

 Typical details of slope protection works

 Structural Drawings

 Intake Structure

 Outfall Structure

 Modification / Remodeling of any Existing Structures

 Roadway Bridges & Culverts.

 E / M Works

 Equipment Installation Details

 Miscellaneous Structures & Details

 Roadway Plans and Profiles

 Typical Roadway and Pavement Cross-sections

 Ancillary works and operational infrastructure.

8.4.2 Tender Documents

Contract packages for carrying out the work will have been proposed during the initial
planning studies. Comments received from the Irrigation Department or DP will be
incorporated and firm proposals for the contract packages drawn up. These will then
form the basis for the preparation of the required Tender Documents for construction. It
is currently envisaged that the documentation will cover civil engineering and E/M works
to meet the project scope requirements.

All documentation will be suitable for ICB international Tender supported by drawings,
bills of quantities, instructions, conditions of contract, specifications and all relevant
material to present the contract with the most complete picture of the nature and extent
of proposed works as possible. The subsequent sections cover the approach to these
elements in more detail.

8.4.3 Bill of Quantities

Bills of Quantities will be prepared for each bill item stage by stage basis, as soon as
information becomes available from the design and drafting process. Particular
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attention will be paid to the flow of information to ensure that adequate time is allowed
for this activity.

Detailed cost estimates will be prepared based on applying unit costs for each item in
the Bills of Quantities for each contract package. In order to do this the cost database,
already available with Department as well as held by the Consultant Team, will be
further expanded and updated using the more specific knowledge obtained during the
detailed design stage, both of the design itself and of current pricing.

The unit costs will be divided into foreign and local currency costs and an analysis will
also be carried out for the foreign exchange component of total cost for elements such
as depreciation of equipment, cost of imported equipment, fuel and other imported
material and supplies, wages of expatriate personnel, overheads and profit of foreign
contractors, etc.

8.4.4 Detailed Specifications

In conjunction with the preparation of detailed engineering design, full specifications for
materials, construction and performance will be prepared for all components of Small
dams including Infrastructure Works as necessary. Internationally accepted codes and
standards will be used in the preparation of the specifications and designs.

Wherever possible, the standardized and widely accepted specifications will be used
although the specialized nature of project proposed works often precludes this.
Emphasis will be placed on the use of locally available materials and construction
methods, including, where practicable, the elimination of complex details to ensure
satisfactory results suitable for the local environment. Trade names and supplier
names will not be used. All specifications will be written specifically for the Pakistan
local environment.

8.4.5 Conditions of Contract

A review will be made of the most appropriate international Tender and Contract
documents for civil and associated works. The Consultants have wide experience for a
range of international contract forms including FIDIC 3rd and 4th Edition together with a
number of other forms required by national authorities in other countries.

Recommendations will be made giving recognition to:

 P&I requirements

 Project constraints

 International practice including a reasonable allocation of responsibility between

the contract parties
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 Forms of Tender and Contract with general and special contract conditions
applicable to each package will be prepared and include the following:

 Timing of the Works

 General conditions

 Escalation clause

 Bid Bonds

 Performance bond in the form of 10% Bank Guarantee

 Payment conditions

 Retention money

 Liquidated damages clause

 Force Majeure clause Arbitration clause

 Advance payment to contractors for mobilization and materials

 Defects liability period after completion

 The liquidated damages applicable to each contract and where appropriate, to

individual stages of a contract, will have to be determined in each contract.

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9.0 PERSONNEL SUMMARY AND TASK ASSIGNMENT

9.1 Organization and Staffing

The purpose of this section is to describe the procedures and staffing that the
Consultants will use to ensure that the project is delivered to the Client on time, to
budget and to the expected quality. This will be achieved by the use of careful and
systematic project management procedures operated by a team with excellent and
relevant experience of Infrastructure works.

The proposed grouping provides, possibly the strongest Team ever allocated to a single
project with consequential benefits for both the value engineering and integrity of the
study. The project staffing schedule is given in the following table

9.2 Counterpart Personal and Facilities

It has been specified in the RFP document that the following facilities will be provided
by the Irrigation Department and Agriculture and Cooperative Department (ACD) shall
make available to the Consultants at no charge:

 Access to all reports, studies, data, photographs, maps, and institutions

relating to the works, access to all sites;

 Assistance to procure all necessary administrative documents;

 Free use of vehicles procured/hired by the Consultants under its

consultancy contract;

 Permission to use facilities such as Guest Houses, payable at nominal official

rates, filed office facilities to members of the Consultants’ staff in connection
with their official duties;

 Office space free of cost but furnishing will be responsibility of the

consultant; and

 Counterpart staff

Although no details have been provided on the availability of counterpart staff, the
consultants strongly believe a very useful and effective role of counterpart staff from
both the executing departments i.e. Irrigation Department and Agriculture and
Cooperative Department. The role of counterpart staff from these line departments will
not only facilitate the data collection activities but it will also be very helpful for social
and environmental studies and agricultural studies.

It is therefore suggested that the Consultants during the project inception will coordinate
and discuss the required skills and resources in term of counterpart staff deployment.
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TECH - 4 Personnel Schedule

Balochistan Water Resources Development Project
Name (Nationality) MONTHS
Months Input Air Travel Estimated
S.No.
Position 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Home Field Total Int'l Nat'l Start Finish

National Key Experts

Jawaid Arif-(Pakistani)
I Team Leader /
Water Resources Management 10 4 14 15 Feb. 2016 May 31, 2017

Zafar Masood Siddiqui-(Pakistani)

II
Hydraulic & Irrigation Engineer 7 3 10 5 Feb.2016 May 31, 2017

Jawaid Mohiuddin-(Pakistani)
III
Agronomist 3 2 5 4 July 1, 2016 Nov 30,2016

Dr. Nasir Nadeem-(Pakistani)

IV
Agriculture Economist 5 - 5 4 July 1, 2016 Nov 30,2016

Farmanullah-(Pakistani)
V
Soil & Water Quality Specialist 3 1 4 4 June 1,2016 Sep. 30,2016

Kashif Masood-(Pakistani)
VI
Environmental Specialist 2 2 4 4 June 1,2016 Sep. 30,2016

Rabeea Rehman-(Pakistani)
VII
Hydrologist 5 1 6 2 March 1,2016 Aug.31,2016

Dr. Imran Ahmed-(Pakistani)

VIII
Climate Change Specialist
3 1 4 4 Feb. 2016 June 30,2016

Other Experts
Ibad ur Rehman-(Pakistani)
I
Resettlement Specialist 3 1 4 4 Sep.1,2016 Dec. 31,2016

Seema khurum-(Pakistani)
II
Social & Gender Specialist 2 1 3 4 Oct.2016 Dec. 31,2016

Zehra Jabeen-(Pakistani)
III
Procurement Specialist
3 - 3 1 Nov.2016 Jan.31,2017

Mirza Junaid-(Pakistani)
IV
Financial Management Specialist 3 - 3 1 Nov.2016 Jan.31,2017

Sadia Mubashir-(Pakistani)
V
Structural Design Engineer
4 - 4 1 Oct.2016 Jan.31,2017

Taha Ismail-(Pakistani)
VI
Geotechanical Specialist /Geologist 1.5 1.5 3 1 July 1, 2016 Sep.30,2016

Support staff

Computer Operator,Cadd ,Quantity

I
surveyor, senior/junior engr. 32 32 Feb. 2016 May 31, 2017

Full time Basis

Intermittent basis

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TECH - 3 Work Schedule

Balochistan Water Resources Development Project
MONTHS
S.No. Activities and Reports
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Task-1 Rapid Assessment of Four River Basins.
Collect all relevant available sectoral information including GoB’s
development and investment plans, prefeasibility and feasibility
I
studies, literature and other secondary data on water availability, uses
and management.
Collect and provide all the water related information that are required
II
to develop satellite-based water information system for Balochistan.

Conduct desk study on agriculture, natural resources and rural

development (ANR) sector’s situation analysis regarding social,
III
economic and environmental water uses and its management and
identify gaps.
Conduct rapid assessment of four rivers basins, develop screening,
ranking and selection criteria for the potential river basins and in
IV consultation with GoB and the other main stakeholders and using the
criteria select two main rivers basins
for detailed assessment.
Conduct hydrological studies at basin scales using water balance
V
approach including flows, floods, sediment and water use analysis.
Review water resource development and investment plans, policy,
VI
water strategy and institutional efficiency
Assess procurement, financial management, safeguards and
VII implementation capacities of ID, ACD and GoB following ADB relevant
guidelines.
Based on above submit inception report indicating analysis, gaps,
VIII
needs and remedy as well as directions for further study.
Deliverable
a Inception Report
b Sector analysis and strategy review report
c Rivers basins assessment and water balance report
Task-2 Detail Assessment of two River Basins.
Identify potential projects/subprojects within the selected
I
basins,screen and rank them.
Carryout all type of surveys including topographic, soil and water
II quality, agriculture, water uses, social and gender, resettlement,
environment and geotechnical investigations as needed.
Conduct detailed hydrological study on water availability for different
probabilities, estimation of floods, and water diversion and drainage
III
requirement as well as flood related studies for cross-drainage works
as per need.
Carryout climate change impact and vulnerability assessment in general
IV and the two basins in specific and suggest adaptation and/or mitigation
measures, if any and associated cost.
Prepare preliminary design, estimate cost and benefits and conduct
V economic and financial analysis of individual subprojects as well as for
each basin-scale.
Prepare environmental assessment and review framework and
VI
resettlement frameworks.
Deliverable
a Climate change impact and vulnerability assessment
b Interim report
c Soil and water quality report
d Agricultural study
e Resettlement and environmental framework
Task-3 Prepare Feasibility of Sub-Projects.
Bundle the schemes/subprojects into sizeable, manageable and feasible
I
core projects within the river basins.
Select top ranking 2-3 core projects of about $40-$50 million, conduct
II engineering design and detailed feasibility, prepare contract packages
and bidding document.
Prepare land acquisition and resettlement plan, gender action plan,
III
environmental impact assessment of the core projects.
Deliverable
a Environmental impact assessment
b Land acquisition and resettlement plan
Task-4 Detailed Feasibility of Selected Sub-Projects.
Feasibility studies of potential core subprojects within the two selected
I river basins. The feasibility study will cover technical, economic and
financial, safeguards, climate change, and governance related issues.

II Prepare PC-1 for each core subproject.

Assess EA’s capacity in financial management including integrity
III (money laundering and financing for terrorism), safeguards,
procurement and implementation; and
Conduct due diligence and assist the EA and ADB in loan processing and
IV
preparation of the relevant documents.
Prepare ToRs and implementation plan with timeframe, and recruit
V
subcontractors as required.
Incorporate recommendations made by the Satellite-based water
VI
information system team in the final report.
Deliverable
a Draft feasibility studies of 2-3 core projects

b Contract packages and bidding documents

c PC-1

d Capacity assessment reports *

e Final report

f Due diligence report

* Capacity asessment includes procurement,financial management,implementation ,safeguard and integrity.

Legends

Continuous activity

As per requirement

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Techno Consult International

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