ROLE OF FAMILY AND SCHOOL

IN COGNITIVE,AFFECTIVE AND
PSYCHOMOTOR DEVELOPMENT
OF THE CHILDREN
Dr Jasvir Kaur
INTRODUCTION
Child is the main constituent of any future generation and a
childless society will be wiped out in a near future.
Parents,teachers,siblings,elders and friends play an important
role in child development and more importantly,the family and
teachers have a critical role.In the early childhood ,the family
provides the most significant attachments as well as the care
and stimulation required for children ‘s growth and
development.The quality of care-physical,affective and social-
results from steady life conditions,both socio-economic and
psychosocial development.
• According to Dewey, school is a miniature society. We can also
say that school is enlarged ideal home. Some consider parents
to be a child’s first teacher while teachers are their second
parents. It is centre of learning for the child, therefore the
learning experiences whether formal or informal, he gets
inside the school, control and shape his behaviour. A man can
be identified by the name of the institute from where he gets
his education.
• Sports and Physical exercise: Physical exercise should be compulsory for all
students in the school. Students should be involved in a variety of sports, both
indoor and outdoor. Yoga plays a great role in physical as well as emotional
wellbeing and hence should be encouraged in the school. A well-qualified
sports teacher must be available in the school in order to strengthen the value
of sports in physical fitness of adolescence.
• Co-curricular activities: Activities like woodwork, spinning and weaving, book
binding, gardening etc. may be introduced in the school. Co-curricular
activities provide an outlet for pent up emotions and redirection of emotional
behaviour. This is especially important at a stage when an individual is
undergoing a ‘storm’ of emotions.
• Nutrition education: Adolescent girls may become so obsessed with their
weight that they develop severe eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa or
bulimia. Anorexia nervosa refers to starvation; bulimia refers to excess eating
and vomiting. This necessitates the importance of nutrition education.
• Sex education: Drastic sexual changes take place during adolescence and to
help them understand these and have a healthy attitude about sexuality, sex
education must be a part of curriculum. Sex education plays a very important
role in helping adolescents develop into a responsible adult. Sex education for
adolescents is imperative for developing ethical, moral, wholesome and correct
attitude towards the opposite sex and hence being a responsible social citizen.
Seating and lighting arrangement: Appropriate seating arrangements and good
lighting should be ensured to impress upon the adolescents the importance of
studying under healthy surroundings.
• Qualified teachers: Teachers of adolescents should understand components,
principles, and theories of adolescent physical and motor development, as
noted in research. Teachers of adolescents need to be very sensitive about the
social changes taking place in the life of her adolescent students. School should
take utmost care while recruiting teachers to ensure that the teacher has
knowledge and appropriate skill to handle the matters of adolescents.
• Friend and guide: Teacher should act like a guide or a mentor to
students so that they feel confident to ask questions and
concerns regarding their growth and development. A
sympathetic, affectionate and inspiring behaviour of a teacher
may bring in the child the needed enthusiasm, motivation,
confidence and will power to develop in a desired way.
• Creative and Democratic concept of discipline: Traditional
methods of discipline may lead to revolt and aggression in some
cases and withdrawal in others. Therefore, creative and
democratic ways of discipline are the need of hour.
• Creative and Democratic concept of discipline: Traditional methods of
discipline may lead to revolt and aggression in some cases and
withdrawal in others. Therefore, creative and democratic ways of
discipline are the need of hour. Adolescents should be made
responsible for handling their own affairs and should be given
authority to act responsibly
• Rich and varied curriculum: The curriculum in the school should relate
to the real life of adolescents. If the learning in school in unrelated to
their modern needs, it could lead to emotional disturbance.
• Freedom for self-development: For development of a creative mind,
freedom of self-development and freedom for activity must be given in a
school, off course under guidance from teacher
• Due regard to Individual differences: Adolescents differ mentally,
physically and emotionally. A teacher must study the specific needs of
each student and respect individual difference between them.
• Use of dynamic methods of teaching: To ensure that the adolescents
are motivated to study and develop in the desirable direction, dynamic
teaching methods have to be adopted by a teacher.
• Guidance and counselling: A teacher should help adolescents explore
career goals and options. She should ask questions about their future
career goals and set up opportunities for them to "job shadow" others.
• Encourage involvement in Group activities: A teacher should
remember that adolescents are trying to gain a sense of achievement -
a sense of being uniquely good at something. She should give group
assignments for both within the school as well as outside the school to
facilitate that.
• Praise adolescents for their efforts as well as abilities: A teacher
should leave no positive behaviour displayed by her students
unacknowledged. Praise helps them develop a sense of confidence in
attempting, persisting to and accomplishing a task.
• Social skills: The school plays an important role in helping children
learn to interact positively with their peers and teachers. They learn
about healthy relationship skills and develop them further through
interactions, both in the classroom and on the playground. " Children
spend a large portion of their day at school, and it's vital that a
school's curriculum is designed to help its students form solid social
relationships or to "connect with other children and adults in a caring
and empathetic manner."
• Character Building and Self-Concept: Character building is not an
alternative to academic achievement, but rather an essential adjunct
of it. Just as the school provides lessons on reading, writing and
arithmetic, from the very beginning it also focuses on helping kids
learn about compassion, respect, empathy and integrity.
• Broadening Horizons: The school can introduce a child to a multitude
of opportunities. From early on, children are often exposed to
different nationalities, cultures and traditions, helping to shape their
viewpoint of the world around them. Field trips and interactive
projects let your child try out new things, while each different subject
in school gives her a taste of what could await her in the future.
• Observe and imitate behaviour: students observe the whole activities
that goes on in the school environment like behaviour of the teachers
their temperament etc. after observing the students also try to
imitate others specially their teachers.
• Due regard to Individual differences: Adolescents differ mentally,
physically and emotionally. A teacher must study the specific needs of
each student and respect individual difference between them.
• Motivate students : Teacher should motivate the students to take part
in various activities and sports. •
• PTM: Teacher must also share the importance of physical health and
nutrition with parents during parent-teacher interactions
Conclusion
Psychological, social and cultural environment of the school also affect
growth and development of the child. Ideally, the school's role is to bring
each student to her individual, maximum academic potential. While its
effectiveness may vary from school to school, it's not enough to teach the
ABCs and 123s and call it a day. A significant amount of schoolwork
throughout the grades is dedicated to helping children become expert
problem solvers and solution-seekers, skills that will come in handy in just
about every personal and professional aspect of a child's adult life.
Therefore, in addition to an academic skill, problem solving is an essential life
skill. It's "the ability to analyze a situation, propose a solution and, should
that solution not work, be able to re-strategize to try again," A single incident
or accident may make or destroy the life of the child.