ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET
Personal and Professional Development
BHSc: ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
DEPARTMENT: COMMUNITY HEALTH STUDIES
ASSIGNMENT TOPIC: ...……………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………….……………………………………
…………………………………….….…………………………………………………………
First name and Surname: LUYANDA HLONGWANE
Student Number:22302828 Submission Date: 23/10/2024
Cell no. 0636267678 e-mail address: 22302628@dut4life.ac.za
Name and Signature of lecturer.
(on Receipt)
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understand that it is ethically unacceptable to commit plagiarism. Each
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• This work is my own work.
• I have not allowed and will not allow anyone to copy my work with the intention
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Table of contents
Part one Page number
Durban Art Gallery
Introduction 2
Key Historical Milestones 2
Ownership, Management: 3
Overview of the Durban Art 3
Gallery
Location and operating 5
hours
Highlights of the Durban 5
Art Gallery:
Conclusion 9
Part two Page numbers
introduction 10
Key Historical Milestones: 10
Ownership, Management: 12
Overview of the Durban 13
Holocaust and Genocide
centre
Location and operating 15
hours
Highlights of the Durban 15
Holocaust & Genocide
Centre
Conclusion 18
Refences 20
Image refences 22
1|Page
Part one
Durban art gallery
The Durban Art Gallery, located in Durban, South Africa, is one of the country's most
significant art institutions. Founded in 1892, it is housed in the Durban City Hall, a
historical building with stunning colonial architecture. The gallery features an
impressive collection of both classical and contemporary art, with a strong focus on
African and South African artists, as well as international works. The gallery is a hub
for art lovers and a key part of Durban’s cultural landscape, offering a mix of traditional
and contemporary expressions in the visual arts. (Durban Experience, n.d.)
Figure 1 showing the outside of the art gallery.
Key Historical Milestones:
The Durban Art Gallery has a rich history dating back to the late 19th century. It was
established in 1892, making it one of the oldest public art galleries in South Africa. The
gallery is located in the historic Durban City Hall, an iconic Edwardian-style building
completed in 1910. Initially, the gallery was much smaller, but its collection and
influence grew significantly over the decades. (eThekwini Municipality, n.d.)
Foundation in 1892, the gallery was founded as part of a growing cultural movement
in Durban. Its establishment was motivated by a desire to create a space where the
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public could engage with both local and international art. During the early 1900s, the
gallery began acquiring more works of art, expanding its collection to include both
Western and South African art. (eThekwini Municipality, n.d.) This was a period of
growth for the gallery as it became more embedded in Durban's cultural life. After the
end of apartheid in the 1990s, the gallery underwent significant changes, shifting its
focus to promote more inclusive narratives. (South African History Online, n.d.) This
included highlighting African and particularly Zulu culture, in line with the cultural
diversity of the region. In recent years, the Durban Art Gallery has emphasized
contemporary South African art, highlighting emerging artists from across Africa and
promoting the cultural discourse of the post-apartheid era. (South African History
Online, n.d.)
Ownership and Management:
The Durban Art Gallery is owned and managed by the eThekwini Municipality, which
governs Durban and the surrounding areas. As a publicly funded institution, it is part
of the city's broader efforts to promote culture, education, and tourism. (eThekwini
Municipality, n.d.)
The gallery operates as a non-profit, public institution and its governance is managed
through the city's Department of Parks, Recreation, and Culture. The eThekwini
Municipality provides the budget for the gallery's operational costs, staff salaries, and
the acquisition of new works. (eThekwini Municipality, n.d.) Over the years the
curatorship of the gallery has been led by various directors and curators who have
influenced the collection and its focus. The curatorial direction of the gallery tends to
reflect a commitment to representing both historical works and contemporary art, with
a special focus on South African and African artists. (eThekwini Municipality, n.d.)
Overview of the Durban Art Gallery
The Durban Art Gallery, a trailblazer in the art world, became the first national gallery
to recognize African craft as art in the 1970s. It continues to celebrate South African
artistic heritage, featuring traditional works like baskets, beadwork, carvings, clay pots,
ceramics, sculptures, and wirework. These exhibits highlight the creativity of
contemporary local artists. (eThekwini Municipality, n.d.)
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Figure 2 showing some of the art found in the gallery.
The gallery's "Africana" collection displays authentic tribal artifacts, while modern
mixed-media works reflect a diverse and unified nation. With both permanent and
traveling exhibitions, the gallery keeps its displays fresh, complemented by lectures,
classes, and films that enhance the visitor experience. (Artthrob., n.d.). European
influence is also evident through British, French, and Dutch paintings displayed on the
historic walls of Durban’s City Hall. In its second century, the gallery holds over 3,500
works, including masterpieces donated by philanthropists and art collectors, as well
as anonymous pieces. Visitors can admire Rodin bronzes, Lalique glass vases, and
ceramics from France and China. The collection spans from the 15th century to the
present, offering a unique blend of African, Eastern, and European art. (Durban
Experience, n.d.)
Figure 3 Rodin bronzes, Lalique glass vases, and ceramics.
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The building that houses the Durban Art Gallery is a cultural hub with multiple
attractions. Besides the art gallery, it also includes the Durban Central Municipal
Library, which provides a variety of books and resources for the community. The
building is also home to the Durban Natural Science & History Museum, offering
visitors a chance to learn about the natural world and the history of the region. This
combination of cultural, literary, and scientific institutions reflects a strong dedication
to learning and sharing knowledge in the heart of Durban's cultural scene.
(Smithsonian National Museum of African Art, n.d)
Figure 4 Durban natural science museum.
Location and operating hours
The Durban Art Museum, located within the Durban City Hall under the eThekwini
Municipality, can be found on the 2nd floor at 234 Anton Lembede Street, Durban.
(eThekwini Municipality, n.d.)
Operating Hours:
• Monday to Saturday: 08:30 AM - 3:45 PM
• Sunday and Public Holidays: 10:00 AM - 3:45 PM
• Closed on Good Friday and Christmas Day.
Highlights of the Durban Art Gallery:
The Durban Art Gallery has a rich array of highlights that make it a vital institution for
both art lovers and cultural enthusiasts. Here is more detail on some of the key
aspects:
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• Permanent Collection:
The gallery's permanent collection is diverse and represents a broad range of
artistic movements, with a strong focus on South African and African art. South
African Masters works by prominent artists like Gerard Sekoto and Peter Clarke
reflect the social and political realities of South Africa’s past. Sekoto’s pieces,
for instance, often depict life in urban townships and are considered
groundbreaking for their portrayal of Black South African experiences during
apartheid. (Artthrob., n.d.). Contemporary art pieces by artists like Nandipha
Mntambo challenge conventional ideas of identity, femininity, and the body.
Mntambo's work often incorporates cowhide, blending themes of tradition with
modern commentary on gender roles and African identity. International works
that the gallery also houses pieces from Europe and Asia, reflecting the
historical trade routes through the Indian Ocean and the cultural exchange that
shaped Durban as a port city. (Smithsonian National Museum of African Art,
n.d)
Figure 5 gallery's permanent collection.
• Temporary Exhibitions:
The Durban Art Gallery is known for its rotating temporary exhibitions, which
highlight the dynamic and evolving nature of the South African and African art
scenes. Contemporary African Artists these exhibitions often spotlight rising
talents from across the continent, promoting a dialogue on contemporary social,
political, and environmental issues. (Durban Experience, n.d.). The gallery
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frequently collaborates with local artists and curators to bring fresh perspectives
to global and African discourses. Special themed exhibitions, themes like
gender, identity, race, and heritage often take centre stage, reflecting the
complex and multifaceted history of South Africa. These exhibitions not only
highlight artistic talent but also engage with the pressing social issues of the
day. (Smithsonian National Museum of African Art, n.d.)
• Cultural Diversity:
Reflecting Durban’s unique blend of cultures, the gallery’s collection includes
significant Zulu artifacts, textiles, and beadwork. These items often display
intricate craftsmanship and cultural significance, representing a deep
connection to Zulu heritage and South African history. The Zulu nation’s
beadwork is renowned for its use of colour and symbolism, often used to
communicate messages and stories. (Smithsonian National Museum of African
Art, n.d.) The gallery's collection offers insight into this tradition and its
significance in the region’s cultural fabric. African ceramics and wooden
sculptures, often featuring traditional techniques, are a major part of the
gallery's holdings. These pieces are central to understanding the material
culture of the region and the artistry that has been passed down through
generations. (Artthrob., n.d.)
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Figure 6 one of the artworks showing the Zulu culture.
• Educational and Community Engagement:
The Durban Art Gallery plays a significant role in art education through its
workshops, artist talks, and guided tours. It regularly engages with schools,
universities, and local communities to foster a deeper appreciation for the arts.
(Artthrob., n.d.). There are workshops and talks programs offer firsthand
experiences in artmaking, and the talks give visitors insight into the creative
processes of both local and international artists. These initiatives aim to make
art accessible and engaging to the public, particularly the youth. There is a
collaboration with local artists that gallery frequently partners with local artists
and art organizations to create exhibitions and projects that resonate with the
Durban community. This fosters a powerful sense of local identity and ensures
that the gallery remains relevant to contemporary social dynamics. (Durban
Experience, n.d.)
8|Page
Figure 7 the youth visiting the art gallery.
Conclusion
The Durban Art Gallery stands as a significant cultural institution in South Africa,
reflecting the country's rich artistic heritage and contemporary art scene. It has evolved
from a small local gallery to a prominent venue for both historical and contemporary
artworks, displaying the diverse expressions of South African and African artists.
Through its permanent collection and rotating exhibitions, the gallery plays a crucial
role in promoting artistic dialogue and cultural appreciation, addressing important
social and political themes. The focus on local and African art, especially in the post-
apartheid era, underscores its commitment to inclusivity and representation, making
art accessible to a broad audience.
By offering workshops, artist talks, and special programs, it fosters a deeper
understanding of art and its impact on society. The Durban Art Gallery is more than
just a repository of art; it is a dynamic space for cultural exchange, reflection, and
innovation. Its ongoing commitment to displaying diverse narratives and supporting
emerging artists ensures its relevance in the ever-evolving landscape of South African
art. The gallery remains a vital part of Durban’s identity, inviting both locals and visitors
to engage with the vibrant artistic expressions that shape the region’s cultural
narrative.
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Part two
Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre
Introduction
The Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre is a museum and educational space
located in Durban, South Africa. It focuses on educating the public about the
Holocaust, as well as other genocides, through exhibitions, workshops, and public
programs. The centre is part of a network of Holocaust centres in South Africa that aim
to promote awareness of human rights and the dangers of hatred, racism, and anti-
Semitism. The exhibitions at the Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre typically cover
the history of the Holocaust, the events leading up to it, and the atrocities committed
during (World War II. Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2024.)
Figure 8 an art piece in the centre.
In addition, the centre addresses other genocides and issues of social justice, often
connecting historical events with contemporary challenges. It serves as a place for
reflection and learning, helping visitors understand the importance of tolerance,
diversity, and the need to combat prejudice in society. The centre often collaborates
with schools, universities, and community groups for educational outreach programs.
Key Historical Milestones:
The Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre was officially opened in 2008. It became
part of the South African Holocaust & Genocide Foundation, which also includes
centres in Cape Town and Johannesburg. Its establishment marked the expansion of
Holocaust education in KwaZulu-Natal province, with a focus on combating racism,
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antisemitism, and xenophobia. (Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2008.)
Affiliation with South African Holocaust & Genocide Foundation, the Durban Holocaust
Centre became an integral part of a national network dedicated to Holocaust and
genocide education. This foundation has played a vital role in linking the educational
programs across South Africa and amplifying the message of tolerance and human
rights. (South African Holocaust & Genocide Foundation, 2024.)
In addition to its focus on the Holocaust, the centre began to feature exhibitions on the
Rwandan genocide that was added 2010. These exhibitions helped broaden the scope
of the centre's mission to include education on other genocides, raising awareness of
the dangers of unchecked hatred and intolerance. (Durban Holocaust & Genocide
Centre, 2010.). Throughout the 2010s, the DHGC expanded its outreach to schools,
universities, and community groups. The centre developed educational workshops,
teacher training programs, and public events that addressed topics like racism, human
rights, and the history of the Holocaust and other genocides. (Durban Holocaust &
Genocide Centre, 2010)
Figure 9 Rwandan genocide that was added 2010.
The centre collaborated with local communities to connect the lessons of the
Holocaust with South Africa’s history, including apartheid. This approach has helped
foster dialogue about reconciliation, tolerance, and the dangers of discrimination.
(Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2012.) Every year, the Durban Holocaust &
Genocide Centre commemorates International Holocaust Remembrance Day on
January 27th. The centre hosts ceremonies, lectures, and educational programs to
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honour the victims of the Holocaust and promote global awareness of genocide
prevention. (Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2024.)
The DHGC has also curated testimonies from Holocaust survivors and created
archival material, helping preserve these important historical narratives. These
testimonies are often included in their educational programs and exhibitions. (Durban
Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2019.). Digital and Virtual Exhibitions in the 2020s in
the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the centre shifted some of its educational
programs and exhibitions to digital platforms. This allowed it to continue reaching a
broad audience and adapt to new methods of education through virtual tours and
online resources. (Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2021.)
Ownership and Management:
The Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre (DHGC) is part of the South African
Holocaust & Genocide Foundation (SAHGF), which oversees three Holocaust canters
across South Africa—in Durban, Cape Town, and Johannesburg. (South African
Holocaust & Genocide Foundation, 2024.) The centre is a non-profit organization
under the SAHGF. As such, it does not have private ownership but is governed by a
board of trustees. These trustees, together with various community leaders and
educators, help guide the centre’s mission and ensure that its educational programs
and exhibitions align with its goals of combating racism, antisemitism, and promoting
human rights. (Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2024.)
Figure 10 logo of the foundation.
An executive team manages the day-to-day operations of the Durban Holocaust &
Genocide Centre, including a director and educational staff. The Director is
responsible for the overall management, educational programming, public outreach,
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and consulting with other organizations. The centre also employs educators,
researchers, and curators who design exhibitions and lead workshops and seminars
for schools, universities, and the public. The DHGC collaborates closely with local
Jewish communities, as well as other cultural and educational institutions, to extend
its outreach. Volunteers and community members often contribute to the centre’s
various activities and events. (Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2024)
Overview of the Durban Holocaust and Genocide centre
The Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre (DHGC) is a museum and educational
institution dedicated to Holocaust and genocide awareness, located in Durban, South
Africa. It is part of the South African Holocaust & Genocide Foundation, which also
oversees similar canters in Cape Town and Johannesburg. The centre was
established in 2008 and focuses on educating the public about the atrocities of the
Holocaust, as well as other genocides, such as the Rwandan genocide, to promote
understanding and prevent future acts of hatred and violence. (Durban Holocaust &
Genocide Centre, 2024.)
Mission and Goals of Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre (DHGC) are to promote
Holocaust education: Through permanent and temporary exhibitions, the centre
educates visitors about the systematic persecution and murder of six million Jews by
Nazi Germany during World War II. To raise awareness of other genocides, the centre
also covers other instances of genocide, including the Rwandan genocide, to create a
broader understanding of the dangers of intolerance and discrimination. One of the
centre’s key goals is to promote a culture of human rights, tolerance, and mutual
respect among diverse groups, particularly in post-apartheid South Africa. The DHGC
uses the lessons of history to fight contemporary forms of racism and prejudice,
engaging in outreach and educational programs that address these issues. (Durban
Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2024.)
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Nazi Germany during World War II.
Figure 11 Nazi Germany during World War II.
Location and operating hours
The Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre is located in Durban, South Africa, address
is 44 KE Masinga Road (formerly Old Fort Road), Durban, 4001, South Africa.
Operating Hours:
• Monday to Thursday: 9:00 AM – 4:00 PM
• Friday: 9:00 AM – 2:00 PM
• Sundays and Public Holidays: Closed
Highlights of the Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre
These highlights reflect the centre's commitment to Holocaust education, genocide
awareness, and promoting human rights. The DHGC's programs and exhibitions
emphasize the importance of learning from the past to build a more just and tolerant
society.
• Permanent Holocaust Exhibition
The core of the DHGC is its permanent exhibition on the Holocaust, which
provides a comprehensive overview of the events leading up to and during the
Holocaust. The exhibition includes original items from Holocaust survivors and
victims. Primary sources that depict life in Jewish ghettos, concentration camps,
and the aftermath of the Holocaust. First-hand accounts from survivors, many
of whom relocated to South Africa after World War II. Technology-enhanced
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presentations for a deeper understanding of the historical context. (Durban
Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2024.)
Figure 12 Permanent Holocaust Exhibition
• Focus on the Rwandan Genocide
The centre offers exhibitions on the 1994 Rwandan Genocide, helping visitors
understand the dynamics of modern genocide and the global lessons learned.
This focus broadens the centre’s scope, tying historical genocides to
contemporary human rights issues. (Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre,
2024.)
• Educational Programs and Workshops
The DHGC is known for its extensive educational outreach programs, which
include school workshops these are tailored to different age groups and focus
on lessons from the Holocaust, human rights, and the importance of combating
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prejudice and intolerance. The centre provides resources and professional
development for educators, enabling them to effectively teach Holocaust history
and genocide studies. Regular events featuring scholars, survivors, and
activists who speak on topics such as human rights, reconciliation, and
genocide prevention to the public. (Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre,
2024.)
Figure 13 school children in the centre.
• Annual Holocaust Commemorations
The centre hosts annual commemorative events, such as International
Holocaust Remembrance Day (January 27th), a day to honour the victims of
the Holocaust with public ceremonies and educational programs. Yom
HaShoah (Holocaust Memorial Day), a Jewish day of remembrance for
Holocaust victims, observed with dedicated events at the DHGC. (Durban
Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2024.)
• Collaborative Community Engagement
The centre actively collaborates with local communities to connect Holocaust
education with South Africa’s history, particularly apartheid, and to foster
conversations about reconciliation and tolerance. This includes joint programs
with schools and universities. Outreach to diverse communities, promoting
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dialogue on human rights and social justice. (Durban Holocaust & Genocide
Centre, 2024.)
Figure 14 having the community visiting the centre.
• Survivor Testimonies and Archives
The DHGC has a rich collection of Holocaust survivor testimonies, which are
used in educational programs and exhibitions. These testimonies provide
personal insights into the trauma of the Holocaust and the resilience of
survivors. (Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2024.)
• Special Exhibitions and Events
The DHGC frequently hosts temporary exhibitions that focus on broader
issues such as other genocides, racism, xenophobia, and human rights.
These exhibitions aim to broaden the public’s understanding of historical
atrocities and their relevance to contemporary society. (Durban
Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2024.)
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Figure 15 educating people about genocides,
• Architectural and Cultural Significance
The design and structure of the centre itself are aimed at fostering a
reflective and educational experience. The space is intentionally crafted
to be welcoming and contemplative, creating an atmosphere of learning
and remembrance. (Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2024.)
The Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre serves as a critical institution for education,
remembrance, and advocacy in the fight against hatred and intolerance. Established
to honour the victims of the Holocaust and to educate the public about the dangers of
genocide, the centre plays a vital role in promoting human rights and social justice in
South Africa and beyond.
Conclusion
In summary, the Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre exemplifies a commitment to
preserving history and fostering dialogue about the complexities of human rights
issues. Through its comprehensive educational programs, commemorative events,
and impactful exhibitions, the centre not only remembers the past but also actively
engages communities in conversations about the present and future. By highlighting
the lessons learned from the Holocaust and other genocides, the DHGC empowers
individuals and groups to confront racism, antisemitism, and xenophobia. Its efforts to
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connect historical events to contemporary social justice issues resonate deeply in a
country grappling with its own history of apartheid and inequality.
The centre's ongoing dedication to education ensures that future generations
understand the importance of tolerance, empathy, and active citizenship. The Durban
Holocaust & Genocide Centre stands as a testament to the resilience of the human
spirit and the ongoing fight for a more just and compassionate world. Through
remembrance and education, it inspires hope for a future where human dignity is
upheld for all.
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Refences
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(Accessed: 15 October 2024).
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Durban Experience. (n.d.) Durban City Hall. Available at:
https://www.durbanexperience.co.za/ (Accessed: 15 October 2024).
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https://www.durbanexperience.co.za/Pages/Attractions/City_Hall.aspx (Accessed:
October 2024).
Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2024. About the Durban Holocaust &
Genocide Centre. Available at: https://dbnholocaust.co.za (Accessed: 17 October
2024).
Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2008. About Us. Available at:
https://dbnholocaust.co.za, (Accessed: 17 October 2024).
Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2010. Educational Outreach Programs.
Available at: https://dbnholocaust.co.za (Accessed: 22 October 2024).
Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2010. Rwandan Genocide Exhibition.
Available at: https://dbnholocaust.co.za (Accessed: 17 October 2024).
Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2012. Connecting Lessons from the
Holocaust to South Africa’s Past. Available at: https://dbnholocaust.co.za (Accessed:
17 October 2024).
Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2019. Holocaust Survivor Testimonies.
Available at: https://dbnholocaust.co.za (Accessed: 17 October 2024).
Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2021. Virtual Exhibitions and Digital
Resources. Available at: https://dbnholocaust.co.za (Accessed: 22 October 2024).
Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2024. Educational Outreach Programs.
Available at: https://dbnholocaust.co.za (Accessed: 18 October 2024)
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Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2024. International Holocaust Remembrance
Day Events. Available at: https://dbnholocaust.co.za (Accessed: 17 October 2024).
Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2024. Community Engagement Initiatives.
Available at: https://dbnholocaust.co.za (Accessed: 22 October 2024).
Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2024. Cultural Significance and Design.
Available at: https://dbnholocaust.co.za (Accessed: 22 October 2024).
Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2024. Mission and Vision. Available at:
https://dbnholocaust.co.za (Accessed: 22 October 2024).
Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2024. Permanent Exhibition. Available at:
https://dbnholocaust.co.za (Accessed: 18 October 2024).
Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2024. Our Team and Management. Available
at: https://dbnholocaust.co.za (Accessed: 17 October 2024)
Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2024. Rwandan Genocide Exhibition.
Available at: https://dbnholocaust.co.za (Accessed: 18October 2024).
Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2024. Holocaust Survivor Testimonies.
Available at: https://dbnholocaust.co.za (Accessed: 22 October 2024).
Durban Holocaust & Genocide Centre, 2024. Temporary Exhibitions and Events.
Available at: https://dbnholocaust.co.za (Accessed: 22 October 2024).
eThekwini Municipality. (n.d.) Durban Art Gallery. Available at:
https://www.durban.gov.za/City_Services/Heritage/Durban_Art_Gallery (Accessed:
13 October 2024).
Smithsonian National Museum of African Art. (n.d.) African Art Museum. Available at:
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South African Holocaust & Genocide Foundation, 2024. Our history. Available at:
https://holocaust.org.za (Accessed: 22 October 2024).
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https://holocaust.org.za (Accessed: 22 October 2024)
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South African History Online. (n.d.) Durban City Hall and the Durban Art Gallery.
Available at: https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/durban-city-hall-and-art-gallery
(Accessed: 13 October 2024).
South African History Online. (n.d.) South African art and cultural heritage. Available
at: https://www.sahistory.org.za/ (Accessed: 13 October 2024).
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Available at: https://dbnholocaust.co.za (Accessed: 22 October 2024)
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