FIRE SAFETY DESIGN
GOOD BUILDING DESIGN WITH
FIRE SAFETY MEASURES
• Provide adequate fire appliances access, fire hydrants and other facilities to assist fire and
rescue personnel.
• Provide adequate fixed installation, for quick and effective detection and extinguishers of fire
• Designing and installing building services so that they do not assist the spread of fire, smoke
or toxic fumes.
• Designing and providing adequate and safe fire escape routes for the occupants of the building.
• Selecting materials for the construction which will not promote the rapid spread of fire or
generate dangerous or poisonous gases.
• Subdividing buildings into compartments of reasonable sizes by means of fire resisting walls
and floors, providing fire stops to protect openings between floors and compartments.
• Designing and constructing the exterior of a building so that fire is unlikely to spread to it from
another building
according to “Guide to Fire Protection in Malaysia”
ACTIVE V.S. PASSIVE SYSTEM
ACTIVE FIRE FIGHTING:
1. Systems which require a certain amount of motion/or action in order to work
properly.
2. Some of these actions could be slowing the progress of the fire, putting out the fire,
or notifying of the fire and smoke conditions.
3. A few examples are: sprinkler systems and fire alarm system.
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PASSIVE FIRE FIGHTING:
1. Does not require motion/and or action in order to work.
2. It is used to contain and slow the spread of the fire.
3. Some examples are: Fire walls/barriers, Fire dampers, smoke dampers, fire doors.
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ACTIVE FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
• not suppose to be used against
large scale fire.
• should be maintained and
serviced annually for their
effectiveness.
• should be suitable selected for
the type of fire in accordance to
the classification and fire size
and sited in suitable locations in
close proximity to the potential
fire hazards.
ACTIVE FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
EXTERNAL FIRE HYDRANT
• Consists of a system of pipe
work connected directly to the
water supply.
• The hydrant pumps draw water
from the fire water storage
tank and two sets of pumps, one
on duty and the other on
standby.
• The hydrant pump sets should
be protected from the weather
and away from locations likely to
be flooded.
ACTIVE FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
HOSE REEL SYSTEM
1. Intended to use during the early
stages of fire and comprises
hose reel pumps, fire water
storage tank, hose reels, pipe
work and valves
2. The requirement for hose reel
system is detailed under the 10th
Schedule UBBL 1988
3. one hose reel should provided for
every 800sq. metres of usable
space
4. Located in prominent positions at
each floor level along escape
routes or beside exit doors or
staircases
ACTIVE FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
DRY RISER SYSTEM
1. A dry riser is a main vertical
pipe intended to distribute
water to multiple levels of a
building or structure as a
component of
the fire suppression systems.
2. Riser pipe located within the
fire access lobby or staircase .
3. The size of riser should be
150mm – 100mm and shall be
of galvanized iron.
ACTIVE FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
WET RISER SYSTEM
1. Internal hydrant for fireman to use and
always charged with water.
2. Required only for buildings where topmost
floor is higher than 30.5m above the fire
appliance access level.
3. Located within the smoke free lobby or
protected areas.
4. Should be coated with primer and finished
with red gloss paint.
ACTIVE FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM
1. Intended to detect, control and extinguish
fire, and warn the occupants of the
occurrence of fire
2. WET PIPE – pipe filled with water and
discharge once the sprinkler bulb break .
3. DRY PIPE – pipe filled with air under
pressure.
4. PRE-ACTION – a dry pipe system but
water is controlled by valve operate by
separate smoke detection ( used mainly
where building contain is sensitive to
water damage) .
5. DELUGE – open sprinkler on dry pipe (
used for areas with high risk of extremely
fire spread ).
1. Sprinkles installed at
17m and above to
be protected are no
longer effective.
2. The sprinkler pumps
draw water form
sprinkler storage
tank and two sets of
pumps.
3. Generally, all areas
of the building
should be protected
with sprinklers
except – staircase
enclosures,
electrical rooms
and toilets.
ACTIVE FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
• provide warning of the outbreak of fire and allow appropriate fire fighting
before situation gets out of control.
