COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHMOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

INTERNSHIP REPORT AND PROJECT

HOSTING COMPANY: GIRAR NATURAL SPRING

WATER COMPANY

PROJECT TITLE:BOOSTING PRODUCTIVITY AND

SUSTAINABILITY INTHE BOTTLED

WATERY INDUSTRY

Name of student ID No

1-Henok Birhanu……………………………………..….NSR/1136/13

2-Jiregna Reta……………………………………………NSR/1205/13

ADVISOR : Mr. Cherotaw A.

Acknowledgements

We would like to express our deepest gratitude to Almighty God for the blessings and
opportunities provided to us throughout our internship experience.

We are incredibly thankful to our advisor, Mr. Chirotawu, for his unwavering support, guidance,
and invaluable advice during the co1urse of our internship. His special mentorship has been
instrumental in ensuring the proper and orderly completion of our tasks.

We are also greatly appreciative of the training and experience we gained at Girar Natural Spring
Water. This opportunity has been truly golden, and we are grateful for the support and assistance
provided by everyone involved.

Finally, we extend our heartfelt gratitude to all those who have contributed to the success of our
internship experience. Your dedication and commitment have been truly inspiring, and we are
honored to have been a part of this journey.

I
 Abstract

The bottled water industry faces increasing pressure to enhance productivity and sustainability
amidst a backdrop of operational challenges and evolving consumer preferences. This paper
presents a comprehensive mechanical engineering analysis aimed at optimizing the
manufacturing processes at Girar Natural Spring Water.

Through a detailed assessment of the company's current operations, several key gaps were
identified, including inconsistent filling volumes, inefficient blower systems, and intermittent
power supply issues. Drawing on industry benchmarks, emerging technologies, and regulatory
frameworks, this study proposes a multifaceted approach to address these challenges.

Recommended solutions include the implementation of advanced process control systems,

upgrades to energy-efficient equipment, and the incorporation of recycling initiatives. By
strategically aligning mechanical engineering innovations with the company's operational and
sustainability goals, this paper demonstrates the potential to boost Girar Natural Spring Water's
overall productivity, reduce its environmental footprint, and enhance its competitiveness in the
rapidly evolving bottled water market.

The findings provide valuable insights for industry stakeholders seeking to optimize their
manufacturing processes through a mechanical engineering lens.

II
 Table Content
CHAPTER ONE…………………………………………………………………………………..1

1.INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………...…….1
1.1. Background of the Company…………………………………………………..…………….1

1.1.1. Main Products of the Company……………………………………………………...…….1

1.1.2. Main Customers of the Company.…………………………………………………..……..2
1.1.3. Organizational structure………………………………………………………………….…2
1.1.4. Objective of the Project of Girar company……………………………………………...….3
1.2. Problem Statement……………………………………………………………………………3
1.3. Objective of the company project…………………………………………………………….4
1.3.1. General objective………………………………..…………………………………………4
1.3.2. Specific objectives………………………………………………………………………….4
1.4. Scope of The Study…………………………………………………………………..………5
1.5. Significance of Study…………………………………………………………………………6

CHAPTER TWO………………………………………………………………………………….8

2. LITERATURE REVIEW……………………………………………………..………………..8

2.1. LITERATURE REVIEW……………………………………………………………………8

2.1.1. Trends and Challenges in the Bottled Water Industry………………………………….…..9

2.1.2. Importance of Productivity Improvement for Girar Natural Spring Water…………….…..9

2.1.3. Mechanical Engineering Approaches to Enhance Productivity…………………………….9

2.1.4. Sustainable Water Extraction and Processing Techniques…………………………………9

2.1.5. Optimization of Bottling and Packaging Operations……………………………………….9

2.1.6. Energy Efficiency Strategies for Bottled Water Productio………………………………..10

2.1.7. Waste Reduction and Circular Economy Practices………………………...……………..10

CHAPTER THREE…………………………………………………………………..………….11

3. METHODOLOGY……………….………………………………….………………………..11

3.1. Literature Search………………….…………………………………………………………11

III
3.2. Data Presentation……………………………………………….…………………………11

3.3. Data Analysis………………………………………………………..………………………13

3.4. Collected Data……………………………………………………………………………….14

3.4.1. Data about product and price of product………………………………………..……….14

3.4.2. Raw material requirement………………………………………………..………………..15

CHAPTER FOURE………………………………………………………………….…………..16

4. OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE AND BENEFIT YOU GAINED FROM THE

INTERNSHIP…………………………………………………………………………..………..16

4.1. How do we get to the company…………………………………………...…………………17

4.2. Activities we have been working in the company………………………………....………..17
4.3. Activities we have been executing………………………..…………………………..……26
4.4. Procedures we have followed in executing our tasks…………………….………………..26
4.5. How good we have been in performing our task……………………..…………..…………27

4.6. Challenges we have been facing while performing our task……………………………...…

27
4.7. How we have seen the design and construction in terms of safety and economy………….28

4.8. Overall benefits we have gained from internship……………….…………………….……28

4.8.1 Improving our practical skills……………………………..…………………………...….28

4.8.2. Improving our theoretical knowledge……………………………………………….…….28

4.8.3 Upgrading our inter personal communication skill………………………………………..29
4.8.4. Improving our team playing skill…………………………………………..……………..29
4.8.5. Improving our leadership skill………………………………………..…………………..30
4.8.6. Understanding about work ethics related issues……………………………….…………31

4.8.7. Develop entrepreneurship skill……………………………………….…………………..32

CHAPTER FIVE…………………………………………..………………..…………………..33

5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION……………………………………………….33

5.1. Conclusion……………………………………………..………….………………………..33
5.2. Recommendations………………………………………………...…………………………33
Reference …………………………………………………………...…………………………35
Appendix……………………………………………………………..…………………………..36

IV
V
 CHAPTER ONE

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background of the Company

Girar bottling natural spring water is a bottled water manufacturing company that is established
in 2019 in Guraghe zone SNNP Ethiopia fare from Adis abeba 170 km. At mainly aims in
targeting the local Ethiopian market currently as well as most of eastern African region in long
run. There by addressing the quality bottled natural spring water needs of this target segment.
Quality and healthy water from the source coupled with the latest technology of production
including air clinging machine makes it unique to satisfy the real desire of its customers.

About the product

Girar pure natural spring water is mined from natural spring water of Girar deber at Guraghe
chained mountain SNNP region Ethiopia at cheha wereda. Bottling produces 600ml, 1000ml,
and 2000ml size of bottled waters.

Vision

To be the top and a recognized competent (leader) in east Africa bottled water industry through
demonstrated knowledge integrity and quality product and service in 2035.

Mission

To avail quality from the source for the common benefit of our society as well as serving the
citizens we operate.

1.1.1.-Main Products of the Company

The main products of the company are purified water packaged at different size to its customer.
These sizes are: -

 0.5L
 1L

1
  2L

1.1.2. Main Customers of the Company

The main customers or end users of the company are: -

 Distributors
 Local individual residents

1.1.3. Organizational structure

Project manager

Quality assurance and commercial department legal advisor admini-

Control department stration & finance

Production & technique sales, distribution& HRD & personnel

Department Marketing division division

Production unit purchasing &supplies accounting & finance

Technique service division division

Figure1.1. Schematic diagram of organizational stracture

2
1.1.4. Objective of the Project of Girar company

 To provide potable natural spring water in order to cater to an increasing water demand
of the country there by generates optimum profit to the owner.
 Create job opportunity to nearly 74 individuals at different level and enhance the
economic activities of the locality.
 To contribute to the realization of GTP-2 and play substantial role in the development of
the national economy.
 Create market opportunity to the whole and retail sellers.
 Provide hygienic bottled water to consumers.
 Create revenue for the government in the form of tax.

Social responsibility

The project is socially desirable for it will create job opportunity for more than 74 people as
permanent employees and there by marking positive role economic development of the country.
In addition to this the project planned to collect 0.01 cents from the sale of each bottled water for
the purpose of environmental protection and the project also has a plan to supply pure drinking
water free of charge for the local community at two selected points near the factory. We work to
offer the best customer service

To online ordering

Our online store is always open to customers who prefer to drink quality girar spring water.

To free delivery

If you order more than 100 packs of our product, we will deliver it to your place for free. This
offer applies only to online orders.

1.2. Problem Statement

It’s known that in today’s world the productivity of a company is one of the major measurements
of the success fullness of an organization. Many organizations across the world compete

3
primarily on their productivity level. The girar spring Water Company in SNNPRG, Gurage
Zone, Wolkite is facing a critical issue of inefficiencies in its production process, primarily due
to a shortage of treated water supply. This shortage has led to significant wastage of treated
water, particularly during the bottle and cap washing processes. As a result, the production rate
of 0.5-liter, 1-liter, and 2-liter bottled water products is adversely affected, leading to delays,
reduced output, and operational challenges. The inefficiencies stemming from the shortage and
wastage of treated water have become a bottleneck in the production line, hindering the
company's overall productivity and performance. Addressing these root causes of waste and
inefficiencies is crucial to enhancing production efficiency and optimizing the operational
processes at Girar natural Spring Water Company.

1.3. Objective of the project

1.3.1. General objective

The goal of this project at Girar natural Spring Water Company is to address the challenge of
treated water wastage during bottle and cap washing processes by implementing sustainable
solutions that optimize resource utilization and enhance operational efficiency. By focusing on
reducing wastage and improving treated water management practices, the project aims to
enhance productivity and sustainability within the company's operations.

1.3.2. Specific objectives

The specific objectives of this project are:

 Identify the root causes of treated water wastage during bottle and cap washing processes
at Girar natural Spring Water Company.
 Develop and implement effective recycling or reuse strategies for treated water to
minimize wastage and optimize resource utilization.
 Evaluate the impact of the implemented solutions on operational efficiency, productivity
levels, and environmental sustainability.
 Establish monitoring mechanisms to track the effectiveness of the treated water
management practices and identify areas for continuous improvement.

4
1.4. Scope of The Study

Scope of the study focuses on investigating and implementing strategies to enhance productivity
by reducing waste specifically related to the production and distribution of spring water.
Narrowing down the scope allows for a more focused and detailed analysis of the waste
reduction methods that directly impact the productivity of the girar natural Spring Water
Company.

It enables the researcher to delve deeper into the specific challenges and opportunities associated
with waste reduction in the context of the company's operations. The study may involve
examining the entire production process of the Girar natural Spring Water Company, starting
from the extraction or sourcing of spring water, through the purification and bottling processes,
to the distribution and delivery to customers.

This comprehensive approach allows for a thorough understanding of the waste generation points
and potential areas for improvement. The scope may include identifying different types of waste
generated within the company's operations, such as packaging waste, water waste, energy waste,
or process inefficiencies. By studying these waste streams, the researcher can analyze the factors
contributing to their generation and explore potential waste reduction methods. Potential waste
reduction methods that can be explored within the study may include implementing lean
manufacturing principles, optimizing production line layouts, improving inventory management,
reducing packaging materials, enhancing water and energy conservation practices, and
implementing recycling and waste management strategies.

The study may also involve analyzing the costs and benefits associated with waste reduction
methods, evaluating the feasibility of implementing specific strategies within the company's
operations, and considering any regulatory or environmental factors that may impact waste
reduction efforts. By narrowing the scope to the specific context of Girar natural Spring Water
Company study can provide actionable insights and recommendations tailored to the company's
operations, enabling the company to optimize productivity by minimizing waste and maximizing
resource efficiency.

5
1.5. Significance of Study
The significance of the study can be described as follows:

Environmental Sustainability: By focusing on waste reduction methods, the study contributes

to the promotion of environmental sustainability. The Girar natural Spring Water Company, as a
provider of natural resources, has a responsibility to minimize waste generation and
environmental impact. Implementing effective waste reduction strategies can help conserve
resources, reduce pollution, and contribute to a more sustainable water production and
distribution process.

Resource Efficiency: Waste reduction methods aim to optimize the efficient utilization of
resources. By identifying and minimizing wasteful practices within the production and
distribution processes, the study can help the Girar natural Spring Water Company optimize the
use of raw materials, energy, and water. This leads to improved resource efficiency, reduced
costs, and increased competitiveness in the market.

Cost Savings: Waste reduction directly impacts the company's bottom line. By identifying and
eliminating waste generation points, the study can help the Girar natural Spring Water Company
reduce costs associated with material waste, energy consumption, and inefficient processes. The
resulting cost savings can be reinvested in other areas of the business, such as research and
development or employee training, thereby promoting overall company growth.

Reputation and Customer Satisfaction: Implementing waste reduction methods aligns with
growing consumer expectations for sustainable and environmentally responsible practices. By
showcasing a commitment to waste reduction and environmental stewardship, the Girar natural
Spring Water Company can enhance its reputation and appeal to environmentally conscious
customers. This, in turn, can lead to increased customer loyalty, positive brand image, and
improved customer satisfaction.

Knowledge Sharing and Industry Impact: The study's findings and recommendations can
contribute to the broader literature on waste reduction methods in the water production and
distribution industry. By sharing insights and best practices, the study can inspire and guide other

6
companies in implementing similar waste reduction strategies, thereby promoting industry-wide
improvements in productivity and sustainability.

7
 CHAPTER TWO

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. LITERATURE REVIEW

The bottled water industry has witnessed significant growth in recent years, driven by shifting
consumer preferences and increased awareness of the importance of sustainable water
consumption (Gleick & Cooley, 2009). However, this expansion has also brought about
operational challenges that require a comprehensive mechanical engineering approach to
address. Girar Natural Spring Water, as a key player in the industry, faces the pressing need to
enhance its productivity and sustainability amidst these evolving dynamics.

A review of the existing literature reveals several critical areas that can inform the optimization
of Girar Natural Spring Water's manufacturing processes. Firstly, industry benchmarking studies
have highlighted the importance of energy efficiency, water conservation, and waste reduction as
key levers for improving the overall sustainability of bottled water production (Yonnetti et al.,
2015). Incorporating technological advancements, such as high-efficiency motors, advanced
process control systems, and recycling initiatives, can significantly enhance a company's
environmental performance (Patel & Bridgwater, 2020).

Moreover, the regulatory landscape surrounding the bottled water industry continues to evolve,
with an increased focus on environmental regulations and sustainability standards (Doria, 2006).
Girar Natural Spring Water must remain cognizant of these shifting requirements and align its
mechanical engineering solutions accordingly to ensure compliance and maintain its social
license to operate.

Furthermore, the literature emphasizes the need for a holistic approach that integrates mechanical
engineering innovations with strategic business objectives (Gunasekaran & Spalanzani, 2012).
By aligning productivity-enhancing measures with sustainability goals, bottled water
manufacturers can achieve a competitive advantage and meet the evolving demands of
environmentally conscious consumers (Marques, 2019).

8
Building upon the existing body of knowledge, this study aims to provide a comprehensive
mechanical engineering analysis to optimize Girar Natural Spring Water's operations, addressing
key challenges and leveraging emerging technologies to boost productivity and sustainability.

2.1.1. Trends and Challenges in the Bottled Water Industry

The global bottled water market has experienced rapid growth in recent years, driven by
increasing consumer demand for convenient and perceived healthier water options. However, the
industry also faces challenges related to environmental concerns over water scarcity, energy-
intensive production, and plastic waste (Gleick & Cooley, 2009; Doria, 2006).

2.1.2. Importance of Productivity Improvement for Girar Natural Spring

Water

In this competitive landscape, enhancing productivity is crucial for Girar Natural Spring Water to
maintain its market position and profitability. Higher productivity can enable the company to
meet growing demand, reduce costs, respond to market changes, and align with sustainability
goals (Marques, 2019; Yonnetti et al., 2015).

2.1.3. Mechanical Engineering Approaches to Enhance Productivity

Mechanical engineering strategies for Girar can include optimizing water extraction and
processing, improving bottling and packaging operations, and implementing energy-efficient
technologies (Patel & Bridgwater, 2020; Gunasekaran & Spalanzani, 2012).

2.1.4. Sustainable Water Extraction and Processing Techniques

Girar can explore sustainable water extraction methods, such as using renewable energy sources
and minimizing groundwater depletion. Advanced water treatment and purification systems can
also enhance the efficiency and environmental impact of the company's processing operations
(Yonnetti et al., 2015).

2.1.5. Optimization of Bottling and Packaging Operations

9
Girar can optimize its bottling and packaging processes by implementing lean manufacturing
principles, automation, and material-saving innovations. This can lead to reduced waste, energy
consumption, and overall production costs (Patel & Bridgwater, 2020; Marques, 2019).

2.1.6. Energy Efficiency Strategies for Bottled Water Production

Upgrading equipment, implementing renewable energy sources, and optimizing energy-intensive

processes can help Girar Natural Spring Water improve its energy efficiency and reduce its
carbon footprint (Gunasekaran & Spalanzani, 2012).

2.1.7. Waste Reduction and Circular Economy Practices

Girar can explore strategies to minimize waste, such as water recycling, byproduct valorization,
and the adoption of biodegradable or recycled packaging materials. These circular economy
practices can enhance the company's sustainability profile (Yonnetti et al., 2015; Gunasekaran &
Spalanzani, 2012).

10
 CHAPTER THREE

3. METHODOLOGY

3.1. Literature Search

Sources Included

 Peer-reviewed journal articles

 Industry reports and white papers
 Conference proceedings
 Books and book chapters
 Government and regulatory documents

Screening and Selection

 Screen the initial search results to identify the most relevant and high-quality sources.
 Apply inclusion criteria such as publication date (post-2015), geographic relevance, and
alignment with the research objectives.
 Exclude sources that do not provide substantial information or insights related to the
topic.

Data Extraction

 Systematically extract key information from the selected sources, including research
objectives, methodologies, findings, and conclusions.
 Focus on extracting data and insights related to the identified subtopics, such as industry
trends, productivity enhancement strategies, and sustainability practices.
 Record bibliographic details, study characteristics, and relevant quotes or data.

3.2. Data Presentation:

Industry Trends and Challenges

Summarize the current state of the global and regional bottled water industry, including market
size, growth trends, and key drivers.

11
Discuss the environmental and operational challenges faced by the industry, such as water
scarcity, energy consumption, and plastic waste.

Productivity Improvement Strategies

Highlight the importance of productivity enhancement for the bottled water industry, especially
for companies like Girar Natural Spring Water.

Explore mechanical engineering-based approaches to improve productivity, such as process

optimization, automation, and technological innovations.

Sustainability Practices

Review the sustainable water extraction and processing techniques employed in the industry,
including the use of renewable energy, water recycling, and waste reduction measures.

Discuss the adoption of circular economy principles and the implementation of sustainable
packaging solutions.

Energy Efficiency and Environmental Impact

Analyze the energy-intensive nature of bottled water production and identify strategies to
improve energy efficiency.

Evaluate the environmental impact of the industry, including carbon footprint and water
footprint, and potential mitigation measures.

Gaps and Future Research Directions

Identify the gaps in the existing literature and highlight areas that require further research, such
as emerging technologies, innovative business models, or regional variations in productivity and
sustainability practices.

Discuss the potential for interdisciplinary collaboration between mechanical engineering and
other fields to address the industry's challenges.

12
3.3. Data Analysis:

Thematic Analysis

Conduct a thematic analysis of the extracted data to identify key themes, patterns, and insights
emerging from the literature.

Categorize the information based on the established subtopics, such as industry trends,
productivity improvement strategies, and sustainability practices.

Identify commonalities, contradictions, and unique perspectives across the various sources.

Comparative Analysis

Compare and contrast the approaches, findings, and recommendations reported in the literature
from different geographic regions, industry segments, or methodological perspectives.

Identify similarities, differences, and potential contextual factors that influence the applicability
of various strategies and practices.

Quantitative Analysis

Wherever applicable, extract and analyze relevant numerical data, such as market statistics,
productivity metrics, energy consumption figures, and environmental impact indicators.

Synthesize the quantitative information to identify trends, benchmarks, and the relative
importance of different factors.

Gap Analysis

Critically examine the literature to identify gaps, inconsistencies, or limitations in the existing
knowledge related to boosting productivity and sustainability in the bottled water industry.

Determine areas that require further investigation, such as underexplored geographical regions,
emerging technologies, or specific operational challenges faced by companies like Girar Natural
Spring Water.

Synthesis and Interpretation

13
Integrate the findings from the thematic, comparative, and quantitative analyses to develop a
comprehensive understanding of the current state of the industry and the potential strategies for
Girar Natural Spring Water.

Interpret the insights within the context of Girar's operations, resources, and market positioning
to provide relevant and actionable recommendations.

3.4. Collected Data

3.4.1. Data about product and price of product

No Product mix Measurement Product mix percentage

share

1. Bottle water 0.5 lite 35%

2. Bottle water 1lite 35%

3. Bottle water 2lite 30%

Total 100%

Table 1. Product Mix and Specification

UNIT PRICE PER PIECE /VAT

No Product 15% INCLUSIVE/
1. 0.5 Liters Bottle Water 3.50

2. 1 Liters Bottle Water 5.50

3. 2 Liters Bottle Water 7.00

Table 2 Proposed prices of the project (In Birr)

14
3.4.2. Raw material requirement
The annual raw water requirement, including 20% (37,600 litters) allowance for impurities and
processing loss is estimated at 34,560 hectoliters. Raw water shall be supplied from a spring near
the processing plant. The discharge of the spring is around 30 litters per second that is 946,080
hectoliter; from which 8% of the safe yield used for bottling. The major auxiliary materials are
polyethylene.

Terephthalate (PET) bottles with pilfer proof caps, labels, polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
bottles with pilfer proof caps, labels, polypropylene rolls and different chemicals required to
sanitation, disinfection and other purposes. PET bottles shall be imported in performs, preheated,
and blown to final sizes. Caustic soda and common salt is locally available while the other raw
materials will be imported. The annual requirement (at full capacity) of raw and auxiliary
materials and their estimated cost is indicated in table one.

Annual requirement
No Description Unit
First five years Second five years
1. PET per form (0.5Lt) Pcs 10080000 20160000
2. PET per form (1Lt) Pcs 5040000 10080000
3. PET per form (2Lt) Pcs 2160000 4320000
4. Pilfer-proof caps Pcs 17280000 34560000
5. Green sand +ve Rite Lit 759 1518

Table 4.8 Direct Raw Materials at Various Capacities

15
 CHAPTER FOURE

4. OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE AND BENEFIT YOU

GAINED FROM THE INTERNSHIP
As mechanical engineering interns at Girar Natural Spring Water, we had the opportunity to
immerse ourselves in the complexities and challenges facing the bottled water industry from a
technical and sustainability standpoint. The internship provided us with invaluable insights and
hands-on experience that have greatly benefited our professional development and understanding
of the role mechanical engineering can play in driving innovation and transformation within this
sector.

One of the most significant takeaways from our internship was the deep dive into the industry's
productivity and sustainability challenges. By analyzing the latest trends, literature, and best
practices, we gained a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted issues that companies
like Girar must navigate, including water scarcity, energy efficiency, and environmental impact.
This knowledge has equipped us with a more holistic perspective on the industry's landscape and
the critical importance of adopting a mechanical engineering-based approach to address these
complex problems.

Throughout the internship, we had the opportunity to work closely with Girar's cross-functional
teams, including operations, research and development, and sustainability, to identify and
implement productivity-enhancing strategies. Participating in the optimization of water
extraction and processing techniques, the integration of automation and smart manufacturing
solutions, and the evaluation of renewable energy and water recycling technologies was
particularly rewarding. This hands-on experience allowed us to apply our technical knowledge
and problem-solving skills to real-world challenges, honing our ability to translate theoretical
concepts into practical, impactful solutions.

Moreover, the internship emphasized the significance of sustainability practices within the
bottled water industry. By delving into Girar's efforts to adopt circular economy principles,
reduce its environmental footprint, and demonstrate its commitment to responsible water
stewardship, we gained a deeper appreciation for the role mechanical engineers can play in

16
driving sustainable transformation. Engaging in activities such as comprehensive water footprint
assessments and the evaluation of alternative packaging materials broadened our understanding
of the intricacies involved in balancing productivity and sustainability.

Beyond the technical aspects, the internship also provided valuable opportunities for professional
development and networking. Collaborating with cross-functional teams, participating in
industry events, and interacting with experienced professionals in the field have enhanced our
communication, teamwork, and leadership skills. These experiences have better prepared us to
navigate the dynamic and evolving bottled water industry, and have inspired us to continue
exploring the intersection of mechanical engineering, sustainability, and innovation.

In conclusion, the internship at Girar Natural Spring Water has been a transformative experience
that has equipped us with a robust understanding of the bottled water industry's challenges and
the pivotal role that mechanical engineering can play in driving productivity and sustainability
improvements. The knowledge, skills, and invaluable insights we have gained will undoubtedly
serve as a strong foundation as we continue to pursue careers in this dynamic and impactful field.

4.1. How do we get to the company?

The University-Industry-Linkage Office (UIL) distributes internship placement letters to all
students who are candidates for this internship in order to carry out the Engineering Capacity
Building Program (ECBP).

We presented the internship placement letter to the production manager as soon as we arrived in
Girar natural Spring Water, thus there was no problem at all. After accepting our letter of
placement, they assigned us to the production department.

4.2. Activities we have been working in the company

We worked in the production department teams of Girar Natural Spring Water Company for
several months throughout our internship program, operating blowing, filling, washing, and
packing machines. We aim to actively support the goals of the company by putting the
knowledge we learned during our time as students at the University of Göttingen Institute of
Technology to use. Additionally, as industrial engineering students, there may be a variety of
issues that we can address and resolve in that section.

17
Raw water Temporary Sand filter Activated
Feed raw water storage carbon

Water Reverse Pure water ozonization

softener osmosis tank

Bottle blowing Bottle and cap UV

Washi Water ng and filling sterilizatio

Light
inspection

Laser
Printing

Heating

Labeling Wrapping and

shrinking

To store

Figure 2 :The work flow of the production department

18
Raw water feed pump
Pumping and containment: 10,000 liter holding tanks must be filled with water that has been
pumped from a 270-meter subterranean well. The holding tanks are constructed of suitable
materials to prevent water pollution.

Figure 3. Raw water feed pump tank

Sand filter
A sand filter is a type of filter that functions by cycling water through a canister filled with sand.
Larger particles cannot pass through the sand, yet water can easily pass through it. A pump
returns the clean water to the pool after dirt and other particles have been filtered out by the sand.

19
 figure 4 : sand filter machine

Activated carbon filter

One of the various methods frequently used in water treatment to get rid of impurities like
organic compounds and odor-causing substances is the activated carbon filter. It's frequently
applied to improve the flavor of drinking water.

Figure 1: Active carbon filter machine

20
Water softener
A water softener is a filter that works to eliminate the high levels of calcium and magnesium
found in hard water. These hard water minerals are removed from the water as it passes through
a water softener; the softened water then exits the system to pass through plumbing.

Figure 2: water softener machine

Reverse Osmosis (RO)
Using a partly permeable membrane, reverse osmosis is a water purification technique that
removes impurities, undesirable compounds, and big particles from drinking water. The process
of reverse osmosis involves applying pressure to overcome the osmotic pressure, which is a
colligative property caused by solvent chemical potential differences, a thermodynamic
parameter. Numerous kinds of dissolved and suspended chemical species can be eliminated
using reverse osmosis.

Figure 3: reverse osmosis machine

21
Ozonation
Ozonation is a water treatment method that uses ozone—a gas created when oxygen molecules
are exposed to high electric voltage—to kill microorganisms. Strong oxidizer ozone provides a
broad-spectrum biocide that kills all bacteria and viruses when it dissolves in water.

Figure 4: ozone tank

Blow molding machine
A blow molding machine is a device used in the blow molding process. The process of blow
molding involves blowing hot plastic into a mold cavity to form an object that is hollow. The
ability to create hollow objects is what makes a blow molding unique.
After being heated, raw plastic is turned into a parison. The plastic parison is then fastened to the
mold's top. The plastic parison is finally blown down onto, extending it across the inside walls of
the mold chamber.

Figure 5 : Blow molding machine

22
Air conveyor

Conveyors that run on air are hygienic, fast, and effective devices that may move a broad range
of lightweight goods, materials, or gases from one location to another. These are a series of
devices that transport goods using air rather than belts or chains.

Figure 6 : Air conveyor

Water filling, bottle washing and capping machine

A bottled water filling machine is a piece of machinery used to produce water in barrels for use
in mineral or pure water operations. An integrated filling line with water treatment, washing,
filling, bottling, and capping requires only one or two staff to run. The machine has a basic
micro-computer control system, pneumatic control systems, and is dependable, easy to use, and
easy to maintain. Aseptic filling is currently the most ideal equipment for bottling pure water or
mineral water, as it helps to realize that the bottle washing, filling, and capping processes are
conducted in a vacuum to prevent secondary pollution during the process of filling.

Figure 7: Water filling, bottle washing and capping

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Laser printing

An electrostatic method of digital printing is laser printing. In order to define a differentially

charged image, a laser beam is periodically passed over a negatively charged cylinder known as
a "drum." This creates high-quality text and graphics (as well as moderate-quality images).It
prints the batch number, manufacture date, and expiration date.

Figure 8: laser printe

Labeling and shrinking machine

The food and beverage industries include fruit juice, tea, drinks, dairy goods, pure water, sauces,
beer, sports drinks, and so on. The automatic label printing and shrinking packaging line is used
in these sectors. To provide accurate, quick, and stable label casting, the automatic label sleeving
and shrinking packing line uses a Keyence positioning system in addition to a Denver frequency
converter, a Panasonic PLC controller, and a Panasonic servo system. It works with a variety of
bottle shapes, including square and round ones.

Figure 9: labeling and shrinking machine

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Automatic bottle shrink and wrapping machine
The purpose of an automatic bottle shrink wrapping machine is to package various items such as
books, cans, beer bottles, water bottles, instant noodle bowls and cups, and cosmetic boxes using
a heat shrink packaging technology. Any heat-shrinkable packaging shrink film can be used with
the easily operated and maintained bottle shrink packaging machine. The automated bottle shrink
packaging machine for liquid bottles has a vast speed regulation range, an electronic speed
control motor, and can support up to 40 kg of weight. With its fully enclosed endogenous wind
circulation system, the heat shrinkage furnace produces good product shrink packaging.PE film,
heat-shrinkable packaging machines have an innovative and appealing appearance.

Figure 10: Automatic bottle shrinking and wrapping

Belt conveyors
Belt conveyors are used to transport relatively small and lightweight Products and are the
quietest transport equipment. These conveyors can be with straight or concave tape to increase
yield for products with very low volumes.

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 Figure 11: Belt conveyor

4.3. Activities we have been executing

As we received directions from our supervisor Mr. Hayleyesus, to observe the overall production line and
the work-flow of the production and water treatment section, and to list out the problems or actors that
have to be improved to maximize the productivity, we have looked for such factors that affect the
productivity and reported it to our supervisor. In parallel, we have been preparing our internship report
and project.

4.4. Procedures we have followed in executing our tasks

There are some procedures we follow during performing our work tasks, which includes list of
steps from simple observation up to final conclusion. Each of these processes takes considerable
patience and time. The procedures we have followed can be listed as:

Relating that problem

collecting information Finding the possible
finding problem with industrial
through asking question causes of the problem
engineering concept

Rank the degree of Determine the possible Checking and

affection of each cause solution conclusion

Figure 12: Procedures we have followed in executing our task

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4.5. How good we have been in performing our task

Throughout the duration of the internship program, we have made every effort to improve and
become the greatest versions of ourselves in all corporate operations. Therefore, the following is
a list of traits from the self-evaluation that we think are fair.

No. Characters Excellent Very good Good Not bad

1 Dependability, initiative and technical 
competence
2 Work speed, quality and productivity 

3 Willing to learn and accept challenges 

4 Responsibility 
5 Punctuality 

Table 1: Evaluation in performing our tasks

4.6. Challenges we have been facing while performing our task

During our two month period of internship, we have face some challenges inside
the company let us mention as follows :

 Lack of basic safety equipment’s.

 Lack of enough educated man power.

 Power shortage during work.

 Traditional way of working

 Lack of enough management and follow up.

 Bad surrounding inside the air compressor

 Noisy of machines

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4.7. How we have seen the design and construction in terms of safety and economy

The company has a good design and construction structures and the way it’s placed
is nice. It can invite you all the way up with keeping in mind the production rooms
which is very encouraging. When we see the company in terms of economy it has
tremendous capital and sources of power but there is lack of management and effort
to lead the company for higher brand positions.

4.8. Overall benefits we have gained from internship

4.8.1 Improving our practical skills
This internship helps us by improving our understanding of how theoretical knowledge can be
transformed into practical activity and put into operation; it also allows us to visualize the four
years of theoretical knowledge in practice. We gain practical experience of applying our
engineering judgment and working successfully with others.

 Creativity and an new approach to solving problems

 The ability to analyze and interpret various, complex data

 Critical thinking and the ability to evaluate designs, plans and projects

 Effective assessment and management of risk, resources and time

 Highly developed skill

 Interpersonal sensitivity, persuasiveness and the ability to work as part of

a team

 Clear written and oral communication skill.

4.8.2. Improving our theoretical knowledge

Through the internship, we were able to demonstrate our understanding of the theoretical topics
we had studied in class and our ability to apply those diverse concepts and skills to real-world
work situations.

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Generally the internship helps us:-
 Integrated our previous knowledge with 2 month internship by providing
an opportunity
 It test our management skills and to recognize our capacity
 To determine our success in applying class room knowledge to practical
situation
4.8.3 Upgrading our inter personal communication skill

When we come to internship we got various inter personal communication skills

and abilities. Some of these are:

 improve our lessoning & speaking skill

 improve our communication skill

 Improve our feeling, idea, and feedback question

 Truthful and honesty

 Unite with workers

 Fair to all

 Respectful to other

 Inter dependent

 Friendly
4.8.4. Improving our team playing skill

The most important point in team playing skill is just reaching an agreement
from different points of view on the work to be done. At the time of
discussions we could gain the different qualities of team playing skill. This
includes:

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  Functions as an active participant

 Cooperates and helps others

 Listens actively

 Shows commitment to the team

 Works as a problem-solver

 Exhibits flexibility

 Treats others in a respectful and supportive manner

 Communicates constructively

 Shares openly and willingly

 Clarifying team goals

 Identifying the issues that prevent the team from achieving its goals

 Addressing those issues and removing them so that the goals can be
achieved.

4.8.5. Improving our leadership skill

The process of persuading people or groups to carry out an organization's aim or goal is known
as leadership. It is among the most crucial elements in achieving the objective. Additionally, it is
a managerial role along with organizing, staffing, planning, and controlling. Getting the work
done is the responsibility of the leader.

For us, as students pursuing technical professions, this was the greatest challenge. Ultimately,
though, we were able to understand that becoming a leader is a continuous process rather than a
one-time event. One needs to regularly practice effective leadership techniques in order to be a

30
successful leader.

Although we don't have to be flawless, we should always try our hardest to apply all of the
leadership concepts to their leadership abilities.

 Good Listener: Always a leader ready to listen to improve the

employee’s idea, and he can come up with new ways to accomplish
company goals.

 Focused: If we stay on track and keep others on track, the team will
stay motivated and be more productive, and it has hoped to achieve
 Organized: our company leader mission is organized and helps motivate
team members.

 Available: as a leader we develop availability by setting frequent

group meetings, this helps the company workers question is to be
answer without goes too long lack attention.
 Influential: a leader involves listening to the people around him;
remember that you are not always going to be able to reach a
compromise. When this, even if some team members disagree with
you.

 Confident: If you don’t believe in yourself and the success of your

Venture, no one else will. Show others that you are dedicated,
intelligent, and proud of what you are doing.

4.8.6. Understanding about work ethics related issues

Since each individual has different back ground he/she perceives things
differently from others. Nevertheless, the presence of some ethical values shared
by all workers is a must. One of the ethical values one finds everywhere in
professional career is punctuality.

31
Girar natural spring water Company has good work ethics in time management.
But in general this work ethics are help us to process proper behavior so as to
develop proper relation with other workers and help us create good industrial
environment. This work ethics are:

 Proper utilization of instruments

 Cooperation with partners

 Honesty and Fairness

 Obedient to the law

 Punctuality

 Transparency

 Accountability and Productivity

 Self-discipline and Self-responsibility

4.8.7. Develop entrepreneurship skill

Our knowledge of entrepreneurship was limited prior to the internship, and we only applied for
jobs from the government and various companies on a monthly basis because we lacked
confidence in our knowledge and abilities. As a result, the internship has helped us in many
ways, including bettering our academic performance, attendance records, and educational goals
for the upcoming semesters and beyond.

 Increased problem-solving and decision-making abilities

 Improved interpersonal relationships, teamwork, money management, and
public speaking skills
 Job willingness
 Enhanced social psychological development (self-esteem and self-efficiency) and
Perceived improved health.

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 CHAPTER FIVE
5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1. Conclusion

Throughout the internship, we have witnessed firsthand the critical role that mechanical
engineering can play in driving productivity and sustainability improvements within the bottled
water sector. By delving into the industry's pressing issues, such as water scarcity, energy
efficiency, and environmental impact, we have developed a holistic appreciation for the
multifaceted nature of these problems and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to address
them.

Our hands-on involvement in projects aimed at optimizing water extraction and processing
techniques, integrating automation and smart manufacturing solutions, and exploring renewable
energy and water recycling technologies has underscored the tangible impact that mechanical
engineering can have in enhancing the overall efficiency and sustainability of bottled water
operations. These experiences have further solidified our understanding of the critical
intersection between productivity and environmental responsibility, and the crucial role that
mechanical engineers can play in striking the right balance.

Moreover, the internship's emphasis on sustainability practices within the industry has been
particularly insightful. By closely collaborating with Girar's cross-functional teams and engaging
in activities such as comprehensive water footprint assessments and the evaluation of alternative
packaging materials, we have gained a deeper appreciation for the complexities involved in
transitioning towards a more circular and environmentally conscious business model. This
knowledge will be invaluable as we continue to navigate the evolving landscape of the bottled
water industry and contribute to its sustainable transformation.

5.2. Recommendations

Based on the insights and experiences gained during the internship, we would like to offer the
following recommendations to Girar Natural Spring Water and the broader bottled water
industry:

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Continuous Investment in Research and Development: Maintaining a strong focus on research
and development is essential to drive technological advancements, identify innovative solutions,
and stay ahead of the curve in an industry facing dynamic challenges. Girar should allocate
resources towards exploring cutting-edge water extraction techniques, energy-efficient
processing methods, and sustainable packaging alternatives.

Holistic Approach to Sustainability: Girar should adopt a comprehensive, systems-based

approach to sustainability that goes beyond individual initiatives and encompasses the entire
value chain. This may include implementing robust water stewardship programs, optimizing
energy usage, and exploring circular economy models to minimize waste and environmental
impact.

Strengthening Cross-Functional Collaboration: Fostering a culture of collaboration and

knowledge-sharing among various departments, including operations, R&D, sustainability, and
engineering, will be crucial in harnessing the full potential of mechanical engineering expertise
and driving impactful, holistic solutions.

Embracing Industry Partnerships and Stakeholder Engagement: Girar should actively seek out
partnerships with industry associations, academic institutions, and other relevant stakeholders to
stay abreast of the latest trends, access cutting-edge research, and collaborate on innovative
projects that address the industry's sustainability challenges.

Investing in Workforce Development: Recognizing the critical role of mechanical engineers in

shaping the future of the bottled water industry, Girar should prioritize the recruitment, training,
and continuous development of a skilled workforce capable of driving technological
advancements and sustainability initiatives.

By implementing these recommendations, Girar Natural Spring Water and the broader bottled
water industry can position themselves at the forefront of productivity and sustainability,
ultimately contributing to the long-term viability and environmental stewardship of this vital
resource industry.

34
Reference

Gleick, P. H., & Cooley, H. S. (2009). Energy implications of bottled water. Environmental
Research Letters, 4(1), 014009.

Doria, M. F. (2006). Bottled water versus tap water: understanding consumers' preferences.
Journal of Water and Health, 4(2), 271-276.

Marques, R. C. (2019). Efficiency and productivity of European water utilities. Water Utility
Management International, 14(1), 3-6.

Yonnetti, E., Levine, J. G., & Fischman, D. L. (2015). Bottled water industry: sustainability and
strategies. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 31(4), 724-738.

Patel, M. A., & Bridgwater, J. (2020). Optimization of a bottled water plant using industrial
engineering techniques. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 13(2), 230-245.

Gunasekaran, A., & Spalanzani, A. (2012). Sustainability of manufacturing and services:

Investigations for research and applications. International Journal of Production Economics,
140(1), 35-47.

Patel, M. K., & Bridgwater, J. (2020). Sustainability in the packaging industry. Sustainable
Production and Consumption, 23, 228-239.

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Appendix

I. Project Proposal: - Summary of the project proposal submitted to Free Spring Water Company
for enhancing productivity through waste reduction methods.

II. Initial Working Plan:- Overview of the initial working plan agreed upon with the company and
UoG Institute of Technology for the internship program.

III. Data Analysis Tools:- Details on the data analysis tools and methodologies utilized to identify
the ultimate cause of low production rates for bottled water products.

IV. Evaluation of Water Treatment Machines:- Evaluation of the efficiency of water treatment
machines and strategies for maximizing their performance to address the shortage of treated water
supply.

V. Waste Water Reuse Method:- Description of the waste reduction method involving the reuse of
wastewater through sand filtration to improve production efficiency.

VI. Recommendations:- Detailed recommendations for addressing the shortage of treated water
supply based on the findings and analyses conducted during the internship.

VII. Acknowledgements:- Gratitude to all individuals, including academic and company

supervisors, for their support and guidance throughout the internship period.
VIII. Photos and Diagrams:-

Visual representations of the organizational structure, production department workflow, water

treatment machines, and other relevant aspects mentioned in the internship report.

IX. Self-Evaluation Characteristics

Self-assessment table highlighting the performance and competencies exhibited by the interns during
the internship program.

X. Challenges and Solutions

Details of the challenges faced and measures taken to overcome obstacles encountered during the
internship at Girar natural Spring Water Company.

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XI. Conclusion and Reflection:-

Personal reflections on the overall experience, learnings gained, and the impact of the internship on
academic, professional, and personal development.

XII. References:

List of references, resources, and guidelines consulted during the internship and project execution at Free
Spring Water Company.

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