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Understanding Personality Theories

The document discusses various theories of personality, including Freud's exploration of the unconscious mind, defense mechanisms, and the contributions of theorists like Erikson, Adler, and Jung. It also covers the humanistic approach emphasizing personal growth and self-concept, as well as trait theory with the Big Five personality traits. Additionally, behaviorist perspectives, including Bandura's social cognitive theory and Mischel's CAPS model, are highlighted.

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5 views3 pages

Understanding Personality Theories

The document discusses various theories of personality, including Freud's exploration of the unconscious mind, defense mechanisms, and the contributions of theorists like Erikson, Adler, and Jung. It also covers the humanistic approach emphasizing personal growth and self-concept, as well as trait theory with the Big Five personality traits. Additionally, behaviorist perspectives, including Bandura's social cognitive theory and Mischel's CAPS model, are highlighted.

Uploaded by

alexandra113567
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Personalities

●​ A person's general style of interacting with the world


●​ people differ from one another in ways that are relatively consistent over time
●​ Sigmund Freud
○​ In treating patients whose disorders had no clear physical explanation, Freud
concluded that these problems reflected unacceptable thoughts and feelings,
hidden away in the unconscious mind.
○​ To explore this hidden part of a patient’s mind, Freud used free association and
dream analysis.

●​ Defense mechanisms
○​ unconscious mental processes employed by the ego to reduce ANXIETY
○​ represion-pushes anxiety into the unconscious
○​ rationalization-self use of deception to justify unacceptable behavior
○​ displacement-transfer of an idea or impulse from threatening to less threatening
○​ regression-stress return to earlier behavior
○​ projection-project impulses outward onto other people
○​ denial
●​ Erick erikson
○​ spoke about conflicts arising at different stages in life
○​ a lot occurs in the subconscious
○​ if not dealt with there’s conflicts lead to fixation
●​ Alfred adler
○​ Neo freudians
○​ ever person has a sense of inferiority
○​ striving for superiority
○​ inferiority/superiority complex
●​ Carl jung
○​ archetypes and the collective unconscious
■​ unconscious mind has something everyone shares since in the beginning
of humanity and organized into archetypes
○​ introverts vs. extraverts
■​ introverts require less social stimulation extroverts require more social
stimulation
●​ Projective tests
○​ Rorchach inkblot test
○​ thematic Apperception test (TAT)
○​ low validity and low reliability
Humanistic approach to personality
●​ Humanistic stress a person's capacity for growth
●​ Rogers
○​ unconditional positive regard
○​ conditions of worth
○​ self-concept(ideal vs real self)
○​ people need empathy and genuineness
○​ when self-concept and conditions of worth get mixed up we lose who we really
are
○​ very optimistic approach
○​ not just how we evaluate ourselves but how we fit into the world
○​ focus on the conscience minds
○​ critics of this is that people need to be held accountable for their actions (not the
situation)
Trait theory
●​ Farther of personality
○​ Allport
■​ thought people should study health and well adjusted individuals in the
present
■​ utilized factors analysis in his work
●​ The big 5
○​ OCEAN
■​ Openness
■​ Conscientiousness
■​ Extraversion
■​ Agreeableness
■​ Neuroticism(emotional instability
○​ Pros
■​ Pretty stable across cultures and ages
■​ even found in animals
○​ cons
■​ based on self report
■​ not very specific
■​ not situational
Behaviorists
●​ Banderas social cognitive theory
○​ internal (in our control)vs external(not in our control) locus of control
○​ self-efficacy
●​ Walter Mischel
○​ CAPS model
■​ cogn affective processing system
■​ cross-situational vs situational
■​ focus on personality in different situations rather than over time
■​ MARSHMALLOW Test

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