Unit 2 Pronunciation
Page | 23
Unit 2 Pronunciation
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Page | 24
Unit 2 Pronunciation
01 MINIMAL PAIR: P & F
To make this sound press, your lips together to seal off the air andthen open in a
sharp burst. This sound is called a plosive and so is like a “mini explosion”. This
sound is Voiceless.
1. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
2. Did Peter Piper pick a peck of pickled peppers?
3. If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,
4. Where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter
Piper picked.
Initial Medial End
plant copper map
pack supper pup
parallel reaper stripe
photograph simple hoop
pull postpone strip
puzzle repeat cheap
princess shopping snip
pickle dipper jump
1. Penny put peaches in the pink pudding.
2. Perry placed a peppermint pie on the pine table.
3. Patty ran the tap rapidly to fill the pail for Peter.
4. Pastor Peterson loves pears, peaches, and pumpkin.
Page | 25
Unit 2 Pronunciation
Place your lower lip under your top front teeth placing yourteeth gently on
your lower lip. Blow the air forcefully out between the lip and teeth. This
sound is Voiceless.
Initial Medial End
favor campfire stuff
first waffle thief
flower infant sheriff
fuss professor cliff
forest barefoot sniff
feather buffalo hoof
familiar unfold shelf
feast truffle beef
1. Freckled frogs fell from the second floor.
2. The fake fish finger was father’s favorite.
3. My friends followed the flock of birds through the forest.
4. Freda finds February filled with fun.
Page | 26
Unit 2 Pronunciation
02 MINIMAL PAIR: B & V
This sound is made in the same way as the /p/. Press your lips together to seal
off the air then open in a sharp burst. This sound is called a plosive and so
is like a “mini explosion”. This sound is Voiced.
Initial Medial End
butter cowboy shrub
bean strawberries knob
banana ambition grab
banner bible pub
build ribbon dub
breading stable crab
bowling marbles rib
birthday bobcat lob
1. Barry beckoned Brenda back with a banana.
2. The bee balanced on the brink of bowl on the table.
3. The bus bumped into the back of the bachelor’s bicycle.
4. The bat, bee and butterfly blew bubbles in the meadow.
Page | 27
Unit 2 Pronunciation
The placement of this sound is the same as for /f/. Place your front upper teeth
lightly on your bottom lip and blow the air out forcefully outthe front of your
mouth. This sound is Voiced.
Initial Medial End
violin driveway glove
valley seven sleeve
volcano carnival shave
video beverage forgive
vibration envelope creative
vampire gravity love
vaccine shiver talkative
vanilla level expensive
vest severe serve
1. Barry beckoned Brenda back with a banana.
2. The bee balanced on the brink of bowl on the table.
3. The bus bumped into the back of the bachelor’s bicycle.
4. The bat, bee and butterfly blew bubbles in the meadow.
Page | 28
Unit 2 Pronunciation
03 MINIMAL PAIR: L & R
This sound is produced by touching the tip of your tongue to thealveolar ridge
(the bump behind the top of the front teeth) and allowing air to escape to each
side. This sound is Voiced.
Initial Medial End
liver skeleton nail
ladder television trail
lovable alligator stroll
lizard stapler school
lemon ruler pencil
league olive while
letter yellow whale
lubricant dollar triangle
1. Larry `s jelly berries taste really rare.
2. Little Lucy loves lobster legs.
3. Lad Larry rarely loves lyres.
4. Linda used a ladder to turn on the television.
Page | 29
Unit 2 Pronunciation
To make this sound, curl the tip of your tongue up behind the alveolar ridge (bump behind your top
front teeth) and flip it forward and upwardwithout actually touching the alveolar ridge. This sound is
Voiced.
Initial Medial End
reap turtle clear
race turnip stair
regal mirage steer
ruddy parrot dear
refuge dirt fear
routine parish grammar
reconcile dormitory together
roller library meter
rate around river
1. Roger rabbit ran around the tree.
2. Rita loves red roses, raisins and rings.
3. Rod rode his raft on the raging river.
4. I want to reconcile with my friend Rudy.
Page | 30
Unit 2 Pronunciation
04 MINIMAL PAIR: S, SH, Dz
Remember always to bite your teeth gently and smile like a clownto
produce this sound. This sound is Voiceless.
Initial Medial End
seal muscle glass
soup popsicle rocks
sand whistle address
1. Six sisters salt sulking selfishly.
2. Sally selected seven silver cents.
3. Steve saw Sandra stop along the street.
4. She is wearing her yellow dress.
Place your teeth together and rest your tongue just behind your teeth.
Sh Allow your lips to form the shape of a “fish mouth”. This sound Voiceless
and Long.
Initial Medial End
shade sunshine ash
shoes marshal squash
1. This shirt and sheet will shrink in the washing machine.
2. The shorn sheep rushed to the shade of the bush.
3. The marshal squashed the spinach.
4. You are my sunshine, my only sunshine
Page | 31
Unit 2 Pronunciation
Allow the air to escape against the upper teeth with the release ofthe of the
dƺ
tongue tip. This sound is Voiced. (j, g,) = “dz” .
Initial Medial End
jam badger pledge
juice edges dodge
giraffe project Village
joke subject cabbage
joy urgent college
gender general generalize
genie generous generation
gentle gigantic geology
__________________ ________________ _________________
1. Jack joked with Joe about the giant jelly-fish.
2. June is jealous of Angela’s jade jewelry
3. He ate toast with jam.
4. The magic genie was in the lamp.
Page | 32
Unit 2 Pronunciation
05 MAGIC “E”
The magic E rule states when the letter “e” sits at the end of the word, it is usually
silent and the “magical” E tells the first vowel or the preceding vowel to say its
name or long sound. The magic e is commonly referred to as the final or silent e.
Page | 33
Unit 2 Pronunciation
HERE`S A CHALLENGE FOR YOU GUYS.
Everyone will have the chance to have the magic “e” treasure.
You only need to read every word correctly from start to finish.If you read all
the words correctly, teacher will tell you the
Page | 34
Unit 2 Pronunciation
06 “ED” ENDINGS
This lesson explains that in English, there are three different pronunciations of
the –ed ending for regular past tense verbs. The pronunciation of the –ed ending
ed depends on the final sound in the verb:
There are 3 ways to pronounce “ed”
1. /t/ 2. /id/ 3. /d/
Page | 35
Unit 2 Pronunciation
ACTIVITY 1
Classify the list of words below according to their sound
and writethem on the circle where they belong.
reached stopped wanted waited
talked suggested needed needed
walked played washed lived
remembered listened watched seemed
worked started showed reported
traveled tested disguised preached
Page | 36
Unit 2 Pronunciation
07 “S” ENDINGS
The pronunciation of S at the end of plural nouns, verbs in third person and
as a part of the possessive case sometimes causes problems for non-native
speakers because it can be pronounced in three different ways:
Page | 37
Unit 2 Pronunciation
ACTIVITY 1
Write the correct pronunciation of s in each word listed below.
Follow the example as shown in # 1.
Words Ending with S Pronunciation of S
Example: Dreams z
1. Bridges
2. Looks
3. Nurses
4. Buses
5. Churches
6. Laughs
7. Sandwiches
8. Crabs
9. Clothes
10. Kings
11. Walks
12. Belongs
13. Freezes
14. Wishes
15. Prizes
16. Realizes
17. Coaches
18. Rises
19. Eyes
20. Flows
Page | 38
Unit 2 Pronunciation
08 NASAL SOUNDS
The M and N and ng sounds are often studied together becauseall are classified as
nasal sounds. Nasal means "produced by sending a stream of air through the nose."
❖ A nasal = air passing through
the nose English has three
nasals, all of them arevoiced.
/m/ mime
/n/ nine
/ng/ ding dong
The M consonant sound (IPA symbol: /m/) is made by lightlypressing
your lips together while making the sound with your vocal chords.
Page | 39
Unit 2 Pronunciation
You can't study the N sound without also studying the ng sound(IPA
ng symbol: /ŋ/). Your tongue is raised and further back in your mouth.
Practice the ng sound by saying these words aloud:
The N consonant sound (IPA symbol: /n/) is made by moving airthrough
the nasal passage. Your lips will be slightly parted. The tongue touches the
roof your mouth just behind your teeth. You should feel a vibration in
your nose.
Page | 40
Unit 2 Pronunciation
09 REDUCTION: PART 1
Words like want to/ going to/ have to/ has to/ had to/ ought to/ are often said in
an utterance. They are so often spoken every day that speakers tend toreduce
them into the following forms:
For better understanding, please see the following examples:
1. I wanna get it done soon.
2. I am gonna visit Japan next month.
3. I oughda try harder in the test.
4. You hafda make sure someone will pick you up.
5. He hasda report to the office before 5:00 p.m.
Page | 41
Unit 2 Pronunciation
10 REDUCTION: PART 2
UNRELEASED CONSONANTS
Words with final sounds p/b/d/t/k/g are found everywhere in spoken
utterances, and native speakers tend to make these sounds unreleased. The
trick to pronounce these words is to place more stress on the vowel.
For better understanding, please see the following examples:
1. I wanna get it done soon.
2. I am gonna visit Japan next month.
3. I oughda try harder in the test.
4. You hafda make sure someone will pick you up.
5. He hasda report to the office before 5:00 p.m.
Page | 42
