Engineering

Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name BARCODE LABELING & DIRECT PART MARKING

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

Abstract

This specification defines minimum requirements for bar-coding individual components,

assemblies and sub-assemblies for suppliers. The supplier shall strictly adhere to this specification,
in addition to what is specified on part drawings.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

162021-101 011 Page 1 of 23
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This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy
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 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name BARCODE LABELING & DIRECT PART MARKING

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

Table of Contents

Heading Page Number

Abstract ...............................................................................................................................1
Table of Contents ................................................................................................................2
1. Scope ..............................................................................................................................3
2. Applicable Documents ...................................................................................................3
3. Definitions ......................................................................................................................3
4. Data and Format .............................................................................................................6
4.1. 2D Barcodes...........................................................................................................6
4.2. 1D Barcode ............................................................................................................9
4.3. Human Readable Information (HRI) ...................................................................10
5. Location ........................................................................................................................10
5.1. Methods for Specifying Location of Barcode and HRI on the Drawing .............10
5.2. Location and Size Dimensions ............................................................................11
5.3. Location of CES 18111 Human Readable Information.......................................11
Figure 1: Method One for a Label ...............................................................................12
Figure 2: Method One for a Direct Part Mark .............................................................13
Figure 3: Method Two for a Label...............................................................................14
Figure 4: Method Two for a Direct Part Mark.............................................................15
Figure 5: Method One for a Direct Part Mark .............................................................16
Figure 6: Barcode Content Table Showing Serial Number or Lot Code,....................17
Figure 7: Barcode Content Table Shows Unique Serial Number ................................18
6. Marking Methods .........................................................................................................19
6.1. Marking Methods Consideration .........................................................................19
7. Quality Control Requirements......................................................................................21
7.1. Customer Approval..............................................................................................21
7.2. Suppliers’ In-process Verification .......................................................................21
7.3. Label Functional Requirements: Substrates ........................................................22
7.4. Conditions for Corrective Action on Suppliers ...................................................23
8. Packaging Requirements and Labels for Packaging ....................................................23
9. Reference Readings ......................................................................................................23

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

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CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
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or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name BARCODE LABELING & DIRECT PART MARKING

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

1. Scope
This specification defines minimum requirements for bar-coding individual components,
assemblies and sub-assemblies and does not change or negate any part(s) of CES 18111. The
supplier shall strictly adhere to this specification, in addition to what is specified on the
part drawings.

2. Applicable Documents
Applicable documents listed below may be obtained from the respective organizations listed in
CES 10054, Standards Organizations Addresses.

a. AIAG B-4, Parts Identification and Tracking Application Standard

b. AIAG B-8, Quality Assurance Guide for Shipping Labels
c. AIAG B-17, 2D Direct Parts Marking Guideline
d. AIM DPM-1-2006, Direct Part Mark (DPM) Quality Guideline
e. ANSI INCITS 182, Information Systems-Bar Code Print Quality-Guideline
f. ASME Y14.43, Dimensioning and Tolerancing Principles for Gages and Fixtures
g. CES 10006, Codes, Supplier Identification
h. CES 10054, Standards Organizations Addresses
i. CES 10056, Glossary
j. CES 18111, Identification, Prod Item
k. CES 19041, Global Packaging Std Production Parts
l. ISO 15415, Information Technology-Automatic Identification and Data Capture
Techniques-Barcode Symbol Print Quality Test Specification-Two-dimensional Symbols
m. ISO 16022, Information Technology Automatic Identification and Data Capture
Techniques Data Matrix Barcode Symbology Specification
n. MHI MH10.8.2, Data Identifier & Application Identifier Standard

3. Definitions
Terms used in this standard that have a general definition for usage in Cummins Engineering
Standards are defined in CES 10056, Glossary. The definitions below are provided to clarify the
terminology used in this standard. A more detailed list and explanation of definitions is provided
in AIAG B-4.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

162021-101 011 Page 3 of 23
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or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name BARCODE LABELING & DIRECT PART MARKING

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

3.1. 1D Barcode

1D Barcode is linear or one-dimensional type symbol most commonly used on most consumer
products. Depending on the specific type, data is encoded as a function of the width of the dark
lines and the space between them. Hence, they are also called linear barcodes. Common types
include Code 39 and Code 128.

3.2. 2D Barcode

2D Barcode is a two dimensional type symbol that contains data as a function of the specific
arrangement of dark and light squares. The codes contain data in two directions, along the X and
Y axis. Common symbologies include Data Matrix, PDF 417 and QR code.

3.3. Check Digits

Check Digits is an error checking method used in 1D barcodes.

3.4. Data Field

Data Field is the actual data that is encoded as opposed to format characters like the data identifier.
For example, in the string 1P1234567; 1P is the data identifier (format character) while 1234567
is the data field. 1P stands for Item identification code assigned by the supplier which is 1234567.

3.5. Data Identifier (DI)

A data identifier is an upper case alphabet or a combination of an alphabet and a number. It is a

prefix to the data and defines what the data that follows it stands for. For example: P1234567 would
mean 1234567 is a customer assigned part number, where P-the data identifier-stands for customer
assigned part number.

3.6. Data Separator (also known as Delimiters)

Data Separator is a character used to separate data fields to facilitate decoding.

3.7. Direct Part Mark

Direct part mark is a barcode symbol marking that is directly applied onto the part surface (dot
peening, laser marking, etc.)

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

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 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name BARCODE LABELING & DIRECT PART MARKING

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

3.8. Error Checking and Correcting 200 (ECC 200)

Error Checking and Correcting 200 is an algorithm defined in ISO 16022 that builds in
redundancies in the 2D Data Matrix barcode so that reading is possible even after suffering about
40% of damage.

3.9. Intrusive Marking Methods

Intrusive marking methods alter a part’s surface (abrade, cut, burn, vaporize, etc.) and can affect
surface strength or generate stress risers. These methods should be considered “controlled defects”
and may degrade material properties beyond acceptable limits. Metallurgical testing may be
required for some intrusive markings, especially on thin stampings (e.g. oil pans).

3.10. Module (also known as Cell or Element)

Module is a single cell in a Data Matrix used to encode one bit of data.

3.11. Non-intrusive Marking Methods

Non-intrusive marking methods generally do not affect surface strength or generate stress risers.
These methods add marking material (labels, ink jet, laser bonding), leave raised material (cast/
forge/mold), or leave depressions (cast/forge/mold).

3.12. Quiet Zone

Quiet Zone is the empty region of space required around 1D or 2D barcodes as defined in
international standards. For 2D barcodes, quiet zones are required all around the symbol whereas
for 1D barcodes, quiet zones are required at the leading and trailing ends.
3.13. Reading (also known as Decoding)

Reading is defined as extracting the data from the symbol. The reading process differs from
verification process as defined in Section 3.16. Verification on page 6.

3.14. Symbol Dimension

Symbol Dimension is the overall physical length and width dimensions of the 2D barcode usually
specified in millimeters.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

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 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name BARCODE LABELING & DIRECT PART MARKING

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

3.15. Symbol Size

Symbol Size is the number of rows and columns in a Data Matrix.
3.16. Verification
Verification is the quality grading of a barcode (1D or 2D) on any medium (label or direct mark on
parts) per defined quality metrics. Quality metrics are defined in industry verification standards.
Typically, quality metrics are graded on a Pass/Fail basis and/or a graded basis. Graded basis
implies that certain quality metrics are measured and scored typically between A to F depending
on the verification standard used. Verification of barcode quality is not the same as scanning and
being able to read the barcode.
3.17. X-Dimension
X-Dimension is the dimension of the most basic square element (dark or light module) in a
2D barcode usually specified in mils; where 1 mil = 1/1000 inch.

4. Data and Format

4.1. 2D Barcodes
4.1.1. Data Matrix is the only Cummins approved symbology for 2D barcode. Some of the
data commonly contained in a 2D barcode are as follows, along with their data identifiers:
a. Cummins part number (Prefixed by data identifier “P”, designating the part code or number as
determined and specified on the Cummins drawing, at the ID-level at which the part is purchased)
b. Supplier serial number for component traceability to raw material (Prefixed by data
identifier “S”, designating the unique supplier-assigned serial number) (Refer to Section
4.1.2.2. on page 7 if serial number not unique by itself.)
c. Supplier lot code, for component traceability to raw material (Prefixed by data identifier
“1T”, designating supplier assigned traceability information, such as batch code, lot code,
shift number, date code correlating back to raw material.)
d. Cummins assigned supplier identification, per CES 10006 if CES 18308 is applicable, supplier
or product identification may be used per CES 18308. (Prefixed by data identifier “V”)
e. Date code in the format of YYDDD (Prefixed by data identifier “D”, designating supplier
assigned date code that does not provide traceability all the way back to raw material.)
f. Mutually defined between customer/supplier such as Trim Codes, Part Pairing, etc.
(Prefixed by data identifier “Z”)
g. Other component specific data (refer to MHI MH10.8.2)

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

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 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name BARCODE LABELING & DIRECT PART MARKING

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

4.1.2. Not all parts require traceability. Where traceability is specified, enough of the above
fields shall be present in the Data Matrix or barcode to provide full supplier traceability through
their manufacturing process. The minimum fields required in the Data Matrix shall be specified on
the engineering drawing. Supplier shall adhere to drawing requirements. In every case, data shall
be separated by semicolon as a data separator. There is no fixed length for each data field. The data
is bounded by the data identifier at the beginning and data separator, or end of string, at the end.
No padded characters (blank spaces) or non-printables allowed in 2D code dataset. No semicolons
used except as separators. If character limits exist in any fields, per customer requirements, these
limits shall be specified on the print in a note.

4.1.2.1. The information required for traceability and the format of the serial or lot code may
vary from one supplier to another. Using their internal systems, the supplier shall be able to trace
product defect issues given the tracking number. The supplier should exercise good judgment in
determining the most important information to capture in a serial number or lot code for component
traceability. The Tier 1 supplier is expected to have traceability back to raw material. Supplier shall
work with Cummins Supplier Quality Engineering. Cummins Supplier Quality Engineer shall
document specific format of the 2D Data Matrix, character by character, in the Production Part
Approval Process (PPAP) documentation.

4.1.2.2. Where component traceability to raw material is required, the drawing shall specify
the requirement of serial number or lot code. If either serial number or lot code are permissible, the
drawing shall indicate the allowed substitution. The unique serial number may consist of various
manufacturing data to make it unique.

4.1.2.2.1. Examples of types of information that may be included in a serial number to make
it unique:
a. YYDDD - Production Date in Julian format, if applicable.
b. HH - Heat Code, if applicable.
c. LL - Machining Line, if applicable.
d. ##### - Sequential number of part produced.

4.1.2.2.2. Information to be included in serial number at the discretion of the supplier as long
as adequate traceability is required and field is unique. Examples of resulting unique serial number:

a. Production Date in Julian format + Sequential number of part produced.

• SYYDDD#####
b. Heat Code + Machining Line + Production Date in Julian Format + Sequential number of
part produced.
• SHHLLYYDDD#####

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

162021-101 011 Page 7 of 23
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or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name BARCODE LABELING & DIRECT PART MARKING

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

4.1.2.2.3. Examples of types of information that may be included in a lot code:

a. YYDDD - Production Date in Julian format, if applicable.

b. HH - Heat Code, if applicable.
c. LL - Machining Line, if applicable.

4.1.2.2.4. Information to be included in lot code at the discretion of the supplier, as long as
adequate traceability is provided. Examples of lot code format:

a. Date of Production in Julian format - 1TYYDDD

b. Heat Code + Machining Line + Date of Production in Julian format - 1THHLLYYDDD

4.1.2.2.5. The detailed breakdown for serial number or lot code format should not be listed on
the print; but should be recorded in the PPAP documentation and shall be shared with the Product
Engineer or Designer, upon request.

4.1.2.3. Refer to Figure 5: Method One for a Direct Part Mark on page 16 to see an example
of how the required contents of a 2D Barcode and human readable information will be displayed
on a drawing. A Barcode Content Table will not typically contain all of the fields shown in Figure
5: Method One for a Direct Part Mark on page 16. However, each Barcode Content Table will
include text at the bottom to confirm the type of traceability required.

4.1.2.4. If the drawing shows the phrase, “Provide unique serial number or lot code. Do not
provide both.” at the bottom of the Barcode Content Table, as in Figure 6: Barcode Content Table
Showing Serial Number or Lot Code, on page 17, it means component traceability is required as
either a lot code or serial number. Do not provide both lot code and serial number.

4.1.2.5. If the drawing shows the phrase, “Provide unique serial number.” at the bottom of the
Barcode Content Table, as in Figure 7: Barcode Content Table Shows Unique Serial Number on
page 18, it means a unique serial number is required for component traceability.

4.1.2.6. If the drawing shows the phrase, “No Component Traceability” at the bottom of the
Barcode Content Table, as in Figure 1: Method One for a Label on page 12 through Figure 4:
Method Two for a Direct Part Mark on page 15, it means lot code and serial number are not needed
for component traceability. All other listed contents in the Barcode Content Table are needed for
the 2D Barcode and HRI.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

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or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name BARCODE LABELING & DIRECT PART MARKING

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

4.1.3. If more than one set of data is present in the barcode, the order of the data shall be that
the part number be the first in the string, followed by serial number or lot code. Other component
specific data shall be placed after those data fields.

4.1.3.1. Barcode Format Examples:

a. P1234567;S987654321;VABCDE (all in one barcode)

b. P1234567;1T123456 (all in one barcode)
c. P1234567 (all in one barcode)

4.1.3.2. For approved data identifier, please refer to MHI MH10.8.2 Data Application
Identifier Standard.

4.1.4. Data Matrix barcodes should have an X Dimension of 0.25 mm-0.88 mm (10-35 mils).
The actual X Dimension should be decided upon after due testing of surface finish and readability
of the mark. Guidelines for determining a suitable X Dimension for a given surface finish are
provided in AIAG B-17. The symbol dimensions shall meet the requirements specified in AIAG
B-4, table titled “2D Symbol Size Classifications by Element and Symbol Dimensions”. The
preferred 2D symbol size (dimensionally) is C or D on a flat surface as defined in AIAG B-4. Data
Matrix codes located on round/curved surfaces shall not have the symbol dimension exceed 16%
of the component diameter. Rectangular dimension codes may be used for such applications with
limited space.

4.1.5. Data Matrix 2D barcodes shall include a quiet zone consisting of a minimum of one
X- dimension and shall incorporate at least ECC-200 error-correction data.
4.2. 1D Barcode

4.2.1. Code 39 is the only Cummins approved symbology for 1D barcode. Its data format shall
meet the requirements as specified in AIAG B-4. Fields should consist of a data identifier,
immediately followed by its associated data. Only one data field is allowed per symbol.
4.2.2. For approved data identifier, please refer to MHI MH10.8.2 Data Application
Identifier Standard.

4.2.2.1. Barcode Format Examples:

a. Cummins part number only P1234567

b. Supplier serial number only S123456789
c. Supplier lot code only 1T123456789

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

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or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name BARCODE LABELING & DIRECT PART MARKING

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

4.2.3. Code 39 barcode densities and dimensions shall meet the requirements as specified in
AIAG B-4 under the corresponding section.

4.2.4. Code 39 barcode quiet zones shall meet the requirements as specified in AIAG B-4,
under the corresponding section. Check digits shall not be added in Code 39 barcodes. No extra or
special characters shall be added in 1D Barcode content.

4.3. Human Readable Information (HRI)

In this standard, HRI refers to only the human readable information that is associated with
the barcode.

4.3.1. The human readable information (HRI) shall appear as specified in the engineering
drawing. The HRI shall not include the coded start or stop characters, but shall represent the
encoded information. Cummins’ preference is to receive HRI with data identifiers in parenthesis
per AIAG B-4, as shown in Section 4.3.1.1. HRI Format Examples: on page 10.

4.3.1.1. HRI Format Examples:

a. (P)1234567
b. (S)123456789

4.3.2. HRI minimum character height should be 2.0 mm [0.079 in], unless otherwise specified
on the print.

5. Location
The engineering drawing will specify the barcode location and its dimensions and orientation of
the barcode, the method of marking (e.g.: laser or dot-peen), the type of barcode (e.g.: 1D or 2D),
the location of the human readable information and the medium (e.g.: label or direct part mark),
if required.

5.1. Methods for Specifying Location of Barcode and HRI on the Drawing

5.1.1. Method One for Specifying Location of Barcode and HRI on a Drawing

Both barcode symbol and HRI text are to be located in a common rectangular boundary (region).
The barcode and HRI shall be located within the specified boundary without concern for their
relevance to each other as long as they do not overlap or interfere with legibility or use of an
electronic reader. See Figure 1: Method One for a Label on page 12 and Figure 2: Method One for
a Direct Part Mark on page 13.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

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 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name BARCODE LABELING & DIRECT PART MARKING

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

5.1.2. Method Two for Specifying Location of Barcode and HRI on the Drawing
Both barcode symbol and HRI text are to be located within the specified boundary (region),
however, the barcode symbol shall be placed in a specific smaller dimensioned boundary within the
larger boundary. The HRI may be totally or partially inside the smaller boundary as long as it does
not overlap the barcode or interfere with legibility or use of an electronic reader. See Figure 3:
Method Two for a Label on page 14 and Figure 4: Method Two for a Direct Part Mark on page 15.
5.2. Location and Size Dimensions

The boundary size and location are specified with basic dimensions similar to dimensions that
define datum target areas. Gaging tolerances per ASME Y14.43 apply.

5.3. Location of CES 18111 Human Readable Information

In addition, human readable information related to CES 18111 may be located inside the boundary
with the barcode HRI if space permits and legibility requirements are satisfied.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

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 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name BARCODE LABELING & DIRECT PART MARKING

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

this on a drawing

LABEL
SIZE TO
SUIT

Barcode symbol and HRI text

shall be located anywhere
(P)1234567
inside the boundary.

Label edges are permitted

outside the boundary.

Chain Lines shown on the drawing

indicate location of Barcode symbol
and HRI text. These lines shall not
appear on the physical label.

LABEL SIZE
TO SUIT

Figure 1: Method One for a Label

with NO Component Traceability Required

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

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or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name BARCODE LABELING & DIRECT PART MARKING

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

this on a drawing

(P)1234567

Barcode symbol and HRI text

shall be located anywhere
inside the boundary.

Chain Lines shown on the drawing indicate

location of Barcode symbol and HRI text.
These lines shall not appear on the physical part.

Figure 2: Method One for a Direct Part Mark

with NO Component Traceability Required

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

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or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name BARCODE LABELING & DIRECT PART MARKING

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

this on a drawing

LABEL SIZE
TO SUIT

Label edges are permitted

outside the boundary.

(P)1234567
Barcode symbol shall be located
inside the smaller boundary.

HRI text shall be located inside

the larger boundary.
It may be totally or partially
inside the smaller boundary.

Chain Lines shown on the drawing

indicate location of Barcode symbol
and HRI text. These lines shall not
appear on the physical label.

LABEL SIZE TO SUIT

Figure 3: Method Two for a Label

with NO Component Traceability Required

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

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or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name BARCODE LABELING & DIRECT PART MARKING

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

this on a drawing

Barcode symbol shall be located

inside the smaller boundary.
(P)1234567

HRI text shall be located inside

the larger boundary.
It may be totally or partially
inside the smaller boundary.

Chain Lines shown on the drawing indicate

location of Barcode symbol and HRI text.
These lines shall not appear on the physical part.

Figure 4: Method Two for a Direct Part Mark

with NO Component Traceability Required

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

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or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name BARCODE LABELING & DIRECT PART MARKING

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

Figure 5: Method One for a Direct Part Mark

with Component Traceability Required
as Unique Serial Number or Lot Code and Other Required Information in 2D Data Matrix

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

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or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name BARCODE LABELING & DIRECT PART MARKING

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

Figure 6: Barcode Content Table Showing Serial Number or Lot Code,

Not Both, for Component Traceability

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

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 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name BARCODE LABELING & DIRECT PART MARKING

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

Figure 7: Barcode Content Table Shows Unique Serial Number

Is Required for Component Traceability

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

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or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name BARCODE LABELING & DIRECT PART MARKING

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

6. Marking Methods
6.1. Marking Methods Consideration

6.1.1. Labels: Paper

6.1.1.1. Labels provide excellent low-or no-capital-cost marking when processing permits
application onto clean, dry components. They provide both the high contrast and the requisite
“quiet zones” for reliable decodability. However, the component supplier shall ensure that labels
satisfy generally accepted adhesion requirements (Section 9. Reference Readings on page 23, item
c.). Considerations before planning a printed label program include:

a. Ability to produce the 1D or 2D symbology(s).

b. Ability to process on required media (size, backed media if self-adhesive).
c. Shelf life and minimum order quantities of media, adhesive and consumables.
d. Media/consumables compatibility with printer hardware (meets printer
manufacturer specifications).
e. Software compatibility to the printer.
f. Communication compatibility for the printer (protocol, wiring).
g. User’s scanner compatibility with media and consumables (e.g. infrared scanners are
frequently incompatible with thermal media and dye-based inks).
h. Print capacity-average and maximum (labels per hour).
i. Service and support for both the printer and the media.
j. Backup printing hardware.
k. Can the printer produce graphics if they are required?
l. Ability to verify legibility “in-house”.

6.1.1.2. All labels on components shall adhere to the surface with reliable decodes required
throughout the reading plants assembly process until hot test or paint. Suppliers shall ensure that
all labels are scratch and smudge resistant. Further, when clear overlays are required, suppliers
shall ensure reliable decodes through the overlays and the overlay shall cover the entire label.

6.1.1.3. Unless specified otherwise, all labels on components shall adhere to the surface
completely without having any part of the label hanging. For example, a label that goes around a
tube needs to completely wrap around the tube instead of creating a “tail”. This is to avoid a
situation where the tail of a label might touch a nearby heat element and melt. If it is not feasible
to have a readable label without creating a tail, an exception is allowed as long as the label cannot
come into contact with any heat element when in use and if it is approved by Cummins.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

162021-101 011 Page 19 of 23
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy
or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name BARCODE LABELING & DIRECT PART MARKING

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

6.1.1.4. Label edges are not required to lie inside the boundary/boundaries unless otherwise
specified. Blank portions of the label may lie outside the boundary/boundaries. See Figure 1:
Method One for a Label on page 12 and Figure 3: Method Two for a Label on page 14.

6.1.2. Direct Part Marking: Laser Etching/Laser Annealing

New technologies (low wattage diode-pumped lasers) promise laser etching/annealing competitive
with dot peening solutions. Laser marking is the preferred method by Cummins, and the most
reliably decoded of the direct part marking methods. Some considerations include:

a. The related controls and cooling equipment may demand a large footprint on the floor.
b. “Normal” air cleanliness may frequently contaminate the lens, deteriorating the crispness
of the laser marking. New air quality systems will be required for some laser systems.
c. Persons working at or near high wattage lasers shall wear light filtering eye protection;
hearing protection is also sometimes required. “Class 1” lasers are required to protect all
persons in a 360° area around the laser. This may require complex guarding and safety
interlock devices.
d. Automation to control part orientation and location will likely add to project cost estimates.
e. Skills to setup and maintain laser alignment and adjust etch quality may not exist within the
suppliers’ organization.
f. Laser type, power and marking time.

6.1.3. Direct Part Marking: Dot Peening

Peening methods require extra attention to mark design and lighting methods depending on the
surface being marked, for reliable decodes. Typical failure causes include low contrast, especially
under the brighter lighting typical of Cummins' assembly operations. Another typical failure cause
is mark deterioration as the peening tool wears. Tool change frequencies shall be strictly
adhered to. Dot Peening is not preferred by Cummins.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

162021-101 011 Page 20 of 23
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy
or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name BARCODE LABELING & DIRECT PART MARKING

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

7. Quality Control Requirements

7.1. Customer Approval

The primary requirement of barcodes is the reliable decode of information. The supplier shall
supply at least one sample with 2D Barcode and HRI data to each Cummins receiving entity that
will be scanning the part. Product Engineering at each receiving location shall work with
Manufacturing Engineering to scan each sample and verify it can be scanned and read. Ideally, this
verification should occur before the PPAP. It is best practice for the supplier to submit an electronic
sample of the 2D Barcode and HRI data to Cummins before physical samples are submitted. This
allows content to be validated and reduces the need for multiple physical samples. Any code not
decoded will be subject to corrective action.

7.2. Suppliers’ In-process Verification

Quality control for 2D Data Matrix barcodes shall be maintained and consistent. The reading
quality shall be maintained from label or direct mark production, throughout supplier production,
until arrival at Cummins facility. The supplier is responsible for insuring that the marking/printing
process is monitored and controlled within its facility and its packaging to the receiving
Cummins facility.

7.2.1. 1D Barcode Labels

Quality control requirements shall be conducted as stated in AIAG B-8 and ANSI INCITS 182 for
1D barcodes.
7.2.1.1. The supplier shall verify the quality of the barcode with the PASS/FAIL designation
of Edge Determination, Minimum Reflectance, Edge Contrast Minimum, and Decode. Printed 1D
barcode symbols shall meet the reflectivity and contrast requirements specified in AIAG B-8 and
ANSI INCITS 182. The frequency of the audit shall be 100%, but frequency may be reduced with
demonstrated process capability and agreement with the supplier and supplier Quality Engineering
to verify the quality of the mark. This shall be documented in the supplier Control Plan and stored
in the PPAP documentation.

7.2.1.2. The supplier shall verify the quality of the barcode and GRADED determination of
Symbol Contrast, Modulation, Defects and Decodability.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

162021-101 011 Page 21 of 23
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy
or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name BARCODE LABELING & DIRECT PART MARKING

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

7.2.2. 2D Barcodes Labels and Direct Marking

7.2.2.1. The supplier shall verify 2D barcode direct part mark with use of verification
equipment. The frequency of the audit shall be 100%, but frequency may be reduced with
demonstrated process capability and agreement with the supplier and supplier Quality Engineering
to verify the quality of the mark. This shall be documented in the supplier Control Plan and stored
in the PPAP documentation.

7.2.2.2. Re-verification of 2D barcodes shall also be performed if any destructive processing

(example: heat treating, sand blasting, etc.) is performed in the direct part mark area.

7.2.2.3. When part characteristics such as material dimensions, surface finish, surface texture,
and reflectivity are to be altered, the change shall be approved and validated by the reading
manufacturing plants. The reading plants will approve the change based upon reading capability
within their facility.

7.2.2.4. Cummins has proven the ability to utilize the original bar-coding AIM verification
metrics (ISO 16022) to assess barcode quality. Contrast, Print Growth, Axial Uniformity, Error
Correction, and Decode can be used as pass/fail criteria for mark quality. The Print Growth
parameter can be used to monitor marker performance trends and adjust setups for optimum
targeting performance. Contrast parameter can be used to identify issues with lighting setup and
surface color/texture variance.

7.2.2.5. At the time of this revision, industry direction on 2D Data Matrix code verification
has evolved from the original AIM specification (ISO 16022) and differs for those 2D barcodes
marked on labels and those for direct part marks. The industry recommends that ISO 15415 be
followed for 2D barcodes on labels achieving a grade 2 or better. For direct marks on the part, it is
recommended that AIM DPM-1-2006 be followed achieving a grade 2 or better, per AIAG AIM
B17. The supplier is ultimately responsible to insure symbols are uniformly marked. The supplier
is ultimately responsible for insuring that codes are measured for quality using the appropriate
verification methods and standards.
7.3. Label Functional Requirements: Substrates

When labels are the selected application method, the supplier shall be responsible to ensure label
substrates (materials) meet the expected chemical resistance (Section 9. Reference Readings on
page 23, item a. with addition of sulfuric acid testing), thermal resistance (Section 9. Reference
Readings on page 23, item b.), longevity, reflection and contrast and adhesion requirements
(Section 9. Reference Readings on page 23, item c.).

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

162021-101 011 Page 22 of 23
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy
or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name BARCODE LABELING & DIRECT PART MARKING

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

7.4. Conditions for Corrective Action on Suppliers

Individual parts with: (1) information missing, (2) in the wrong location or orientation, or (3)
unreadable codes shall be considered defective material, subject to Non Conforming Material
Review (NCMR) by Supplier Quality Improvement (SQI), therefore requiring corrective action
and disposition by the supplier.

8. Packaging Requirements and Labels for Packaging

Refer to the supplier portal (supplier.cummins.com) for the latest information on Cummins
packaging requirements. Requirements for Global Packaging Standard of Production Parts are also
found in CES 19041.

9. Reference Readings
The following references were used in the preparation of this standard.

a. ASTM D1308, Standard Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals on Clear and
Pigmented Organic Finishes
b. ASTM D2485 Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Coatings for High
Temperature Service
c. ASTM D3359, Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
d. ISO 15434, Information Technology Automatic Identification and Data Capture
Techniques-Syntax for High-Capacity ADC Media
e. ISO 16388, Information Technology-Automatic Identification and Data Capture
Techniques-Code 39 Barcode Symbology Specification

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

162021-101 011 Page 23 of 23
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy
or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.