Name:JanellaMatarong Course/Year&Section:BSED-1ENGLA

Subject: Understanding the Self Instructor: Mr. Rodel Louron

1. Differentiate gender from sex.

Sometimes it is hard to understand exactly what is meant by the term "gender", and how it differs from
the closely related term "sex". Sex refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define
men and women. Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities, and attributes
that a given society considers appropriate for men and women.To put it another way: "Male" and
"female" are sex categories, while "masculine" and "feminine" are gender categories. Aspects of sex will
not vary substantially between different human societies, while aspects of gender may vary greatly.

2. Give at least five gender issues and briefly explain.

 Racism

It would be impossible to talk about gender inequality without talking about racism. It affects what jobs
women of color are able to get and how much they’re paid, as well as how they are viewed by legal and
healthcare systems. Gender inequality and racism have been closely-linked for a long time.

 Societal mindsets

It’s less tangible than some of the other causes on this list, but the overall mindset of a society has a
significant impact on gender inequality. How society determines the differences and value of men vs.
women plays a starring role in every arena, whether it’s employment or the legal system or healthcare.
Beliefs about gender run deep and even though progress can be made through laws and structural
changes, there’s often a pushback following times of major change. It’s also common for everyone (men
and women) to ignore other areas of gender inequality when there’s progress, such as better
representation for women in leadership.

 Marginalization

Forces women into the periphery of economic and social life and of the decision-making process;
diminishes value of women’s activities through which they contribute to the national development
process.

 Gender stereotyping

Attributes a set of favorable or unfavorable characteristics, roles, and traits to all members of a social
group based on sex
  Multiple burden

The involvement in the three spheres of work—reproductive, productive, and community management
and governance. A person’s involvement in any of these spheres, sometimes too much and sometimes
unwillingly, lessens her or his time for herself or himself, and for the things that she or he really wants to
do.

3. Give at least 4 agents of socialization and briefly explain each and discuss their role in gender
development.

Family

Almost all children are raised by biological, adoptive, or foster families who teach them how to care for
themselves and how to interact with the world around them. Of all the agents of socialization examples,
family is the one that is typically the most impactful. Families pass on many things to their children
including cultural knowledge, values, religious practices and world views. Also, regarding to the role of
family in gender development is that parents divide household chores like childrearing, lawn care, or
cooking dinner teaches children what being a girl or a boy looks like in a family. Parents teach their
children about gender roles by instructing them about what girls and boys “should” do.

School

Many aspects of school can be positive in terms of socialization: children learn social skills,
independence, and time management techniques that will remain useful in the future. However, schools
can also have some negative influences. A hidden curriculum is information explicitly or implicitly given
by schools to children that is either biased, incorrect, or omitting important details. Regarding to it's role
in gender development, Schools are major contexts for gender socialization, in part because children
spend large amounts of time engaged with peers in such settings. For nearly all psychological traits on
which young boys and girls differ (e.g., reading ability, play preferences), the distribution of the two
groups is overlapping. Schools can magnify or diminish gender differences by providing environment
that promote within-gender similarity and between-gender differences, or the inverse (within-gender
variability and between group similarity).
Peers

Peers are another major agent of socialization both for children and for adults, but their influence is
most clearly felt in childhood. Children learn how to interact with others from their peers. In many
instances, peer groups affect children's interests, speech patterns, beliefs about the world, and
approaches to a variety of situations. Children who regularly interact with their peers in positive ways
tend to develop robust social skills and may have a clearer sense of their place in their own society. Peer
relationships play an important role in the development of a child's self concept and have a strong
impact on how children view the roles of males and females in our society. The perpetuation of gender
biases and stereotypes often is begun in the home and then further reinforced by the peer group.

Media

Mass media includes TV, the Internet, radio, magazines, books, and more. It is an increasingly important
agent of socialization in the lives of many people, but it may be particularly impactful in the lives of
children. As with all agents of socialization, media can have many positive benefits. Also, Media play an
important role in how people form their identities, social norms and values in relation to gender.
Research shows that from a young age, children are influenced by the gendered stereotypes that media
present to them.