- *Hazards: * Hazards refer to any potential source of harm or adverse health effect on a

person or persons. These can be physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, or psychosocial in

nature, and may exist in the workplace, the environment, or in daily activities.

- *Accident: * An accident is an unexpected event that results in harm, injury, damage, or

loss. It typically occurs due to a combination of factors, including hazards, unsafe conditions,
and human errors.

- *Safety: * Safety encompasses measures and practices implemented to prevent

accidents, injuries, and harm to individuals or property. It involves identifying hazards,
assessing risks, and implementing controls to minimize or eliminate potential dangers.

- *Risk: * Risk refers to the probability or likelihood of an unwanted event occurring,

combined with the severity of its consequences. Assessing and managing risks involves
identifying hazards, evaluating their potential impact, and implementing measures to reduce
or mitigate the associated risks.

- *Near Miss: * A near miss is an incident that could have resulted in an accident, injury, or
damage, but did not due to timely intervention, luck, or other factors. Near misses are
important indicators of potential hazards and can provide valuable insights for improving
safety measures.

- *Dangerous Occurrence: * A dangerous occurrence is an incident that has the

potential to cause serious harm, significant injury, or death. These incidents often involve
high-risk activities, hazardous substances, or unsafe conditions, and require thorough
investigation and corrective actions to prevent recurrence.
Q. What is HSE Key Performance Indicators?
Ans. Health and safety KPIs are measurable values used by Health and safety
teams to
track and determine their progress on specific business objectives. These KPIs
help
determine how well H&S team are performing.

Q. What is a Leading Indicators?

Ans. Leading indicators are proactive measures if identified & implemented
under effective
monitoring can help to improve workplace safety performance significantly.
Leading Indicators Examples:
Tool Box Talk (TBT)
HSE & supervisor Meetings ...

Q. What is a Lagging Indicators?

Ans. Lagging indicators are reactive measures, which are the reflection of
implemented control measures which is inadequate and identifies the scope of
improvements.
Examples of Lagging Indicators:
Total Lost Work days
Restricted work days
Number of fatalities...

Q. Difference Between Leading and Lagging Indicators?

Ans. 1. Identify hazards before an accident occurs while Identify hazards after
an accident occurs.
2. Allow preventive actions before the hazard while required corrective actions
to prevent another accident
 Construction Safety Interview Questions
1. What is Work Method Statement (W.M.S.)?
Ans: It is the document submitted by contractor to client, covering the general
work procedure of a particular job in a safe manner as per required standard.
2. What is the use of W.M.S.?
Ans: We can plan and execute the work easily and safely. It also helps to know
the Codes and Standards used for each activity.
3. What is JSA and what is it use?
Ans: Job Safety Analysis is the step-by-step analysis of a job to determine the
safe working procedure. It includes the following steps.
A. Watch the job being done
B. Breaking the job down into steps
C. Describe the hazards in each step of task
D. Identify the desired control measures
E. Implement these counter measures in the job execution
4. What is Work Permit?
Ans: Work Permit is the written document authorizing a person or a group to
perform maintenance, inspection, or construction work.
5. What is a Confined Space?
Ans: Any space having a limited means of access or egress, which subject to the
hazards like deficiency of oxygen, toxic or flammable gases or substances, dust
etc.
6. In what circumstances a confined space work permit can be issued?
Ans: If properly ventilated, gas test readings are satisfactory, properly
barricaded and warning signs are posted, trained standby man is present with
log sheet, sufficient lighting and low voltage electricity (24V-110V), proper
means of communication, locked and tagged out if necessary, lifeline and man
retrieval system if necessary, etc.
7. Who is a Confined Space Attendant?
Ans: He is one who is aware of the confined space hazards and know how to
react if anything goes wrong, able to maintain confined space entry log sheet
etc.
8. What are the hazards in a confined space?
Ans: Oxygen deficiency or enrichment, present of toxic or flammable gases,
chemical hazard, fire hazard, fall of materials, fall hazards, electrocution, dust,
sound, heat or cold, caught in between moving parts of equipment’s,
engulfment, etc.
9. What are the duties of a confined space attendant?
Ans: He is responsible for the safety of entrants, should be present whenever
people are working in confined space, maintain update entry log sheet,
maintain continuous communication with entrants and monitor conditions in
the confined space to ensure a safe working atmosphere, prevent unauthorized
entry of personnel, initiate alarm for help if needed, evacuate the entrants if
conditions are not satisfying or in case of any general evacuation is initiated,
contact rescue personnel if necessary, etc.
10. Give some examples of a Confined Space?
Ans: Pipes, Vessels, Tanks, Boilers and Tubes areas, Silos, Trenches and
Excavations deeper than 4feet, Sludge pits, Duct works, etc.
11. Name one hazardous job in a Confined Space?
Ans: Welding, grinding, chemical cleaning, use of gas cutting set, erection of
materials.
12. Who is a competent person?
Ans: Is one who is properly trained and authorized to perform a specific work in
a safe manner.
13. What is an accident?
Ans: An accident is an uncontrolled event that results in undesirable
consequences to personnel (injury/illness) or the assets (damage/loss) to the
environment.
14. What is near miss?
Ans: A potential hazard, which not yet caused an accident or an occurrence
that did not result in but have the potential to result in undesirable
consequences to personnel (illness/injury) and/or to the assets (damage/loss)
or to the neigh boring community and environment.
15. Who make an accident report?
Ans: Concerned area supervisor or site safety representative.
16. Who makes an accident investigation report?
Ans: A team of front-line supervisor, HSE manager, Sub-Contractor
representative if sub-contractor personnel are injured, high officials depending
upon the severity of accident.
17. What is the use of the accident investigation report?
Ans: To find out root cause of the accident, make recommendations to prevent
re-occurrence and evaluate the effectiveness of emergency response.
18. What is waste management?
Ans: Waste management means safety disposing the by-product of a process or
a work to the environment (after proper treatment, if necessary) so that no
threat for livings, properties and environment exists.
19. What is MSDS?
Ans: Material Safety Data Sheet is the document prepared by the manufacturer
giving product name, producer’s address, emergency contact phone number,
information of ingredients, possible hazards, first aid measures, precautions to
be taken for storage and handling (recommended PPE, extinguishers), physical
and chemical properties, etc.
20. What is Isotope?
Ans: Isotope means one or more species of atoms having same atomic number
but different mass number.
Isotope can be stable or unstable. Radioactive isotopes are unstable
substances, which emits heavy particles (alpha and beta) and higher energy
electromagnetic waves (Gama) from their nucleus by decay.
21. Why is an Isotope hazardous?
Ans: Isotopes are hazardous because it emits uncontrolled energy in the form
of radioactive waves which is hazardous to all living things as it can destroy the
its living tissues that causes fatality or can convert it in cancer.
22. What is radio activity?
Ans: Radio activity is the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei, the
nucleus emits ALPHA particles, BETA particles, GAMA particles, or
electromagnetic rays during this process.
23. What is the unit for measuring radiation?
Ans: Micro Silver or Milli - Rem.
24. In what condition a work permit can be issued for Radiography?
Ans: The controlled area is calculated, evacuated and barricaded with
yellow/black tapes, warning signs (a minimum of 4 nos.), and red or yellow
flash lights.
25. What are the safety measures to be taken while doing radiography?
Ans: Ensure a competent person is surveying outside the barricaded area with
survey meter. The crew is authorized and following safety precautions. The
controlled area is calculated, evacuated and barricaded with yellow/black
tapes, warning signs (a minimum of 4nos.), and red or yellow flash lights.
26. What is the controlled area?
Ans: Any area where the radiation dose is more than 0.75 mRem/h (7.5 micro
sievert).
27. What is a Gieger meter?
Ans: It is the instrument used to measure the radiation dose (Radiation Survey
Meter).
28. What is the use of a film badge?
Ans: This badge will be worn by personnel, exposed to radiation due to their
nature of duty and this is processed to calculate the received radiation dose of
a person during the period (normally 1 month) of exposure.
29. What is a decay chart?
Ans: It is the chart showing the change in radioactivity of a source, for a period,
at regular interval of time.
30. Who is an authorized exposed person?
Ans: He is one who got formal training in the used of sealed source and x-ray
equipment used in industrial radiography.
31. What are the requirements of a man basket?
Ans: It should be designed and fabricated according to standards, have third
party certificate, two guide ropes, damage free lifting gears, the load bearing
capacity should be written on the man basket, shackles with cotter pin only to
be used.
32. How are slings inspected?
Ans: All slings must be inspected before every use and periodically it should be
inspected thoroughly and should be rejected, if found wear of one third the
original outside diameter of outside individual wires, severe corrosion,
distortion (kinking, crushing, bird-caging), broken wires (a maximum of 10
randomly distributed broken wires in one rope lay or 5 broken wires in one
strand in one rope lay), heat damage (loss of internal lubricant by over heat
exposure), pulled eye splices (any evidence that eye splices have been slipped,
sleeves damage) deformation of wires and strands or pushed out of their
original position and the sling should be clean from dirt or rust. Before use of
the slings has to be colour coded as per the month colour code.
33. What are the requirements for a crane lifting?
Ans: Crane positioned on firm and level ground with wood pads and steel
plates. Outriggers are fully extended, tires are off ground, certified operator
and rigger are available, safe load indicator is working, the check list is filled
with competent person, crane has a valid inspection sticker, insurance and third
party certificate, the loads weight is confirmed and it is within the safe working
limit of the crane, safety devices are not bypassed, the swing arm radius is
barricaded and unauthorized people are evacuated, the lifting tools are free
from defects, pads are used to protect the slings from load and vice-versa, wind
speed is less than 32 kmh, approved lifting plan is available for critical lifts,
permit for the activity is obtained, crane operators and riggers vision is not
obstructed, the load is well balanced, and tag lines are used to control the
weight etc.
34. What is working radius?
Ans: It is the maximum distance where the crane boom has to reach for lifting
or lowering the load.
35. What is SWL?
Ans: Safe Working Load is the maximum load that can be applied to the lifting
tool, safely.
36. What is lifting plan?
Ans: It is the document prepared for planning a critical lift by calculating and
considering all factors which is going to effect the lift and there by selecting the
correct tools and cranes and ensure the safe lifting procedure to be followed
for the particular lift, giving details such as the size and weight of the object to
be lifted, which crane is used for lifting and what the safety factor is, where the
crane is positioned, from where the load is lifted, where it is fitted, size and
SWL of each lifting tool used. And load chart is attached with it.
37. What is an excavation?
Ans: A man-made cut, cavity, trench or depression formed by earth removal.
38. What is a trench?
Ans: A narrow excavation, where the depth is greater than the width.
39. What is shoring?
Ans: A structure that support the sides of an excavation and protect against
cave-ins.
40. What is the difference between a flash-back arrestor and a check valve?
Ans: A check valve allows flow in one direction only. This prevents oxygen
reaching acetylene cylinder and acetylene reaching oxygen cylinder in the
event of blockage in the torch or line or pressure variations.
But a flash back arrestor prevents reverse flow, stops the flow of flame from
reaching the cylinder in the event of a flash back or the temperature exceeds a
limit (220 deg F).
41. What are the classes of fire and what type of extinguishers are used for
them?
Ans: Class A: Ordinary combustible materials
Ex: Paper, wood, cloth, plastic, rubber
Extinguisher- Water, DCP, Foam, CO2, Halon
Class B: Combustible liquids and gases
Ex: Gasoline, diesel, oil, grease, oil-based paint, tar
Extinguisher- CO2, Foam, DCP
Class C: Energized electrical equipment
Extinguisher- DCP, FM-200, Halon, Carbon Dioxide
Class D: Combustible metals
Ex. Magnesium, Potassium, Zinc, Calcium, Sodium, Titanium
Extinguisher- Metal X-type, Combustible metal type.
42. What are the responsibilities of a fire-watch?
Ans: Fire watch is a person designated to identify and eliminate fire hazards,
alert and extinguish fire in case of any outbreak of fire and to protect the
person and properties from a fire. He is the man to react first in case of fire by
keeping a close watch on such hazardous areas.
43. What is colour coding system?
Ans: This is the system followed to inspect and ensure the serviceability of
tools, equipment’s periodically (normally it is monthly) like fire extinguishers,
full body harness, lifting gears, electrical codes and cables, power tools, etc.
These things are inspected by combatant person and are indicated by putting
the colour of particular month (this colour is decided in advance and is being
followed by all people at particular site). The items which are found defective
or unserviceable will not be colour coded and has to be removed from service.
44. Who can colour code?
Ans: Competent Person.
45. What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long
excavation?
Ans: A ladder must be present within 25ft., of employees working in
excavation.
In open excavation – At every 30 meters on the perimeter, if less than 1.2
meters deep.
- At every 7.5 meters on the perimeter, if more than 1.2m deep.
46. What is an excavation considered as a confined space?
Ans: If depth is more than 1.2 meters.
47. Who can erect a scaffolding.
Ans: Certified scaffolder.
48. Who can inspect the components used for erecting a scaffold?
Ans: A competent and certified scaffolding supervisor.
49. What is a tag system?
Ans: A tag is put on scaffolding, by a competent person, indicating the present
condition whether it can be used and whether fall protection needed or not.
Red Tag: Do not use (Is being erected of dismantle)
Yellow Tag: Can be use with 100% fall protection (is incomplete or cannot be
completed)
Green Tag: Safe to use (Scaffolding is complete)
50. Who can place a scaffold tag?
Ans: Competent person (Scaffolding Supervisor).
51. What are the details in a scaffolding tag?
Ans: Location, Maximum loading capacity (kN/m2 or psf); Date erected and
date inspected with foreman’s name and signature.
52. In which conditions a scaffold cannot be erected?
Ans: Extreme weather (strong wind, rain, ice), ground not stable, safe clearance
(minimum 10ft.) can’t be maintained with live wire, certified workers and
supervisor are not available, permit not available.
53. What is the minimum overlapping of two adjacent planks in a scaffold
platform?
Ans: Not less than 12 inches
54. What is a guard rail system?
Ans: A barrier consisting of top rails, midrails, toe boards and vertical uprights
erected to prevent men and materials falling from an elevated work area.
55. What is a toe board?
Ans: Barrier secured along the sides and ends of a platform to guard against
falling of materials, tools, and other objects.
56. What is the minimum height of a toe-board?
Ans. 4 inches/100mm.
57. what is the height of top rail from platform?
Ans. 38 to 45 inches.
58. In what circumstances fall protection system to be used?
Ans. If a person could fall more than 1.8 meters then a fall protection system
should be used.
E.g. Any activity at an elevation more than 1.8 meters such an erection,
dismantling or maintenance of scaffolding, pipes, equipment, …
59. what is the minimum width required for a walk-way?
Ans. Minimum width of walk way is 18”.61.
60. what materials can be b placed on a scaffold platform?
Ans. All types of construction materials when is used for particular construction
activity can be kept on scaffolding platform but before keeping the materials
and tools required for the work on the platform, we must ensure load bearing
capacity of that scaffolding platform. The platform shall not be over loaded and
shall be fitted with falling object protection system like toe board, nets etc.
61. What are the minimum requirements for working on a scaffold?
Ans. Mobile scaffolding shall be plumb, level and square. It shall only be used
and moved on a surface sufficiently firm and level to ensure stability. It shall be
move only by manually pushing or pulling the base. No men equipment or
materials shall be on the working platform or elsewhere on the scaffolding
while it is in motion. Castor shall be locked at all times except during scaffold
movement. The temporary foundation or track set on uneven ground for
scaffold movement shall be level and properly secured. The height of the
working platform shall not exceed 4 times of the minimum base dimension. If it
exceeds this limit outriggers must be installed. A complete guard rails system
must be provided. The scaffolding shall be inspected and tagged before use by
a competent person.
62. when should we inspect a scaffold?
Ans. A scaffold shall be inspected and tagged after completing erection. Also
before each work period or where they are altered. Adjusted or subjected to
rain or heavy winds.
Thereafter the scaffold shall be examined at least once seven days.
63. With what colour a ladder can be painted?
Ans. Aluminium ladders and wooden ladder shall not be painted.
64. What is life line?
Ans. A life line is a component that consist of a flexible line that connects to an
anchorage at one end to hang vertically or that connect to anchorages at both
ends to stretch horizontally and which serves as method to connect other
component of a personnel fall arrest system to the anchorage.
65. How can we calculate the safe anchorage of a life-line?
Ans. When life line is used they shall be fastened to fixed safe points of
anchorage capable of supporting 2300 Kgs. Shall be independent, and shall be
protected from sharp edges and abrasion. Safe anchorage points may include
structure members (minimum 4” structural member or 4” pipes) but do not
include guard rails, vents, other small dia piping systems, electrical conduit,
outrigger beams or counter weights. It shall be made from 10 mm dia. Width
ropes. Horizontal life lines shall be installed at the highest feasible point,
preferably above shoulder height. This life lines shall be maintained with
unloaded sag at the centre no greater than 30 cm (12 inches) for e very 10
meters of life line length between attachment points
66. What is Lock out/ Tag out system?
Ans. For servicing or maintenance of live equipment or pipe lines, where the
unexpected energizing or release of energy could cause injury, lock and tag are
placed on the isolating device to avoid uncontrolled operation and give details
of the lock-out schedule.
67. Expand the following:
•STARRT- Safety Task and Risk Reduction Talk
•COSHH- Control of substance hazardous to Health.
•OSHA- Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
•OSHAS- Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series.
•ELCB- Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker.
•GFCI- Ground Fault circuit Interrupter.
•BS- British Standard \institute.
•SWL- Safe working Load.
•ANSI- American National standards Institute.
•LTI- Lost Time Incident.
•ASTM- American Society for Testing of Materials.
•JSA- Job Hazards Analysis.
•LEL- Lower Explosive Limit.
•UEL- Upper Explosive Limits.
•PEL- Permissible Explosive Limit.
•REL- Recommended Exposure Limit
•PSI- Pounds/Square Inch ( 1 bar= 14.7 psi)
•STEL- Short Term Exposure Limit.
•WBGT- Wet Bulb Globe Temperature
•APR- Air Purifying Respirator
•ASR- Air Supplying Respirator.
•SCBA- Self Contain Breathing Apparatus.
•RSO-Radiation Safety Officer
•NFPA- National Fire Protection association
68. What is the importance of a Tool box meeting?
Ans. The workers can be educated about safe rules and procedures, and their
awareness can be improved on some special tasks its importance.
69. What is an Emergency Evacuation Plan?
Ans. It is the procedure to provide concise guide lines for evacuation in case of
some emergency and to identify the emergencies in advance. This also helps us
to plan and to define roles and responsibilities of all building custodian fire
wardens and occupants.
70. What is a Hydro Test?
Ans. It is the test carried for leak test for pipes, equipment’s etc by filling water
in these equipment’s and pipes with some pressure and its joints and
connection are checked for any leak or breakage.
71. What is a Hipot- Test?
Ans. It is the insulation leakage test done for high voltage electrical cables, with
high voltage megger.
72. What are the safety requirements for doing a hot work?
Ans. a). Remove all combustible materials from the area(with 10 mm), possible.
b). Use fire blanket to protect immovable materials and also for welding slugs.
c). Cover the area with fire blanket for containment of park generated while
doing hot work.
d). Provide proper fire extinguisher in sufficient numbers.
e). Appoint a fire watch with red jacket, If necessary.
f). Barricade the area and post proper signage.
g). Use of proper PPE and damage free tools and equipment.
h). Obtain a valid hot work permit.
i). Conduct gas test if presence of combustible gases expected prior to work.
72. What are the benefits of near miss reporting?
Ans. To make analysis of the incident in order to avoid re occurrence.
To rectify the cause of those near misses before it turns into accidents.
To identify the deficiency of site performances and final remedial actions.
To improve safety performances by reducing LTAs, incident and near misses.
73. What is a risk assessment?
Ans. risk assessment is a method of estimating the rate of risk of an activity, by
classifying actual and potential consequences and finding out mitigating
actions to limit that risk.
74. In what situation Ear protection is needed?
Ans. In areas, where sound pollution is more than 85 dBA.
75. what is the emergency evacuation procedure to follow in the event of gas
release?
Ans. don’t get panic on hearing alarm.
Switch off all the equipment and energized circuits.
Observe the direction of wind flow, proceed out in the cross-wind direction to
the plant boundary fence and then proceed up wind.
Obey further instructions from emergency response team.
Resume work after getting clearance only.

76. what is an “Assembly Muster Point”?

Ans. The area determined and marked for assembly of people working in case
of any emergency.