Using Cause and Effect Phrases in Speech
1. Common Cause and Effect Phrases
Cause (Reason) Phrases:
1. Because – Chunki
o Example: "I stayed home because it was raining."
2. Due to – Sababli
o Example: "The park was closed due to the heavy snow."
3. Since – Sababi
o Example: "Since it was late, I decided to take a taxi."
4. As a result of – Natijasida
o Example: "As a result of the storm, many houses were damaged."
5. Owing to – Sababi bilan
o Example: "Owing to the traffic, I was late for the meeting."
Effect (Result) Phrases:
1. Therefore – Shuning uchun
o Example: "It was raining; therefore, we canceled the picnic."
2. So – Shunday qilib
o Example: "I forgot my homework, so the teacher was upset."
3. As a result – Natijada
o Example: "He didn’t study well; as a result, he failed the exam."
4. Thus – Shu tariqa
o Example: "The company grew quickly; thus, they hired more
employees."
5. Consequently – Natijada
o Example: "She missed the bus; consequently, she arrived late."
2. Example Sentences for Context
Cause:
o "Because of deforestation, many animals are losing their homes."
o "Due to his hard work, he passed the test."
Effect:
o "Plastic pollution is increasing; as a result, many marine animals are
dying."
o "The food was very spicy, so I drank a lot of water."
3. Practice Activity: Cause-and-Effect Matching Game
Objective: Help students practice using cause-and-effect phrases in speech.
Instructions:
1. Write causes and effects on separate cards.
o Cause: "It started raining."
o Effect: "We had to cancel the picnic."
2. Mix the cards and have students match a cause with the correct effect.
3. Ask each student to create a full sentence using a cause-and-effect phrase.
o Example: "It started raining; therefore, we had to cancel the picnic."
4. Role-Play Activity: Solving a Problem
Objective: Practice using cause-and-effect phrases in a real-life context.
Scenario: Students work in pairs and role-play a situation where one person
describes a problem and its causes, and the other offers a solution.
Example Role-Play:
Person A: "Our town has a lot of garbage on the streets because people
don’t recycle."
Person B: "As a result, the streets look dirty. We should start a recycling
program."
5. Group Discussion Questions
1. "What are the causes of air pollution, and what are the effects on people’s
health?"
2. "Due to the rise in technology, how has communication changed?"
3. "What happens if people cut down too many trees?"
6. Homework: Personal Cause-and-Effect Speech
Write a short paragraph about a personal experience using at least 3 cause-
and-effect phrases.
Example: "I missed the bus because I woke up late. As a result, I arrived late
to school. Therefore, I missed the first lesson."
