Total MCQ 25

max marks 25
topics – nephron and hepatotoxicity

HEPATOTXICITY

1.Which of the following is thought to be important factor in the pathology of alcohol-induced liver
disease?

A. Inflammatory response

B. Lipid peroxidation

C. Oxidative stress

D. All of the above

2.Allyl alcohol is metabolized by ADH to ---

A. Benzylaldehyde

B. Acrolein

C. Acetic anhydride

D. Butyraldehyde

3. All of the following statements are true except ---

A. Xenobiotics can greatly slow down the proliferation of neutrophils andmonocytes, increasing the risk
of infection.

B. Ethanol and cortisol decrease phagocytosis and microbe ingestion by the immune system.

C. Agranulocytosis is predictable and can be caused by exposure to a number of environmental toxins.

D. Heroin and methadone abusers have reduced ability to kill microorganisms due to drug-induced
reduction in superoxide production.

E. Toxic neutropenia may be mediated by the immune system.

A. CYP3A4

B. CYP2E1

C. ADH

D. Peroxisome catalase

5. Idiosyncratic liver injury is characterized by all of the following except ----

A. Can be immune or nonimmune-mediated

B. Has a clear dose–response relationship

C. Is relatively rare

D. Has a probable genetic basis

6. The liver cell process associated with cell swelling leakage of cell contents and an influx of
inflammatory cells is -----

A. Apoptosis

B. Fibrosis

C. Necrosis

D. Steatosis

7 . All of the following hepatic sites are matched with the appropriate preferential toxicant except ----

A. Zone 1 hepatocyte–iron

B. Bile duct cells–ethanol

C. Stellate cells–vitamin A

D. Zone 3 hepatocyte–carbon tetra-

Chloride
NEPHROTOXICITY

8) Which of the following statements is not correct?

A. Many nephrotoxicants appear to have the primary site of action on (in) the proximal tubule.

B. The proximal convoluted tubule is the primary site of reabsorption of glucose and amino acids.

C. The pars recta (S3) has a greater capacity to absorb organic compounds than the distal tubule.

D. The loop of Henle is the site of damage produced by chronic administration of analgesic mixtures.

E. The collecting duct appears relatively insensitive to most nephrotoxicants

9) Which of the following does not contribute to filtrate formation in the nephron?

A. Capillary hydrostatic pressure

B. Positive charge of glomerular capillary wall

C. Hydraulic permeability of glomerular capillary wall

D. Colloid oncotic pressure

E. Size of filtration slits

10 ) Which of the following is most likely to occur after a toxic insult to the kidney?

A. GFR will decrease in the unaffected kidney.

B. Tight-junction integrity will increase in the nephron.

C. The unaffected cells will undergo atrophy and proliferation.

D. Clinical tests will likely show normal renal function.

E. Glomerulotubular balance is lost.

A. Mercury poisoning can lead to proximal tubular necrosis and acute renal

failure.

B. Cisplatin may cause nephrotoxicity because of its ability to inhibit DNA

synthesis.

C. Chronic consumption of NSAIDs results in nephrotoxicity that is revers-

ible with time.

D. Amphotericin B nephrotoxicity can result in ADH-resistant polyuria.

E. Acetaminophen becomes nephrotoxic

via activation by renal cytochrome P450

12 ) Which of the following will cause a right shift in the oxygen dissociation curve?

A. Increased pH

B. Decreased carbon dioxide concentration

C. Decreased body temperature

D. Increased 2,3-BPG concentration

E. Fetal hemoglobin

13 ) The free radicals that inflict oxidative damage on the lungs are generated by all

of the following except ---

A. Tobacco smoke

B. Neutrophils

C. Ozone

D. Monocytes

E. SO2
14 ) Which of the following is characteristic of a nongenotoxic carcinogen?

A. Has no influence on the promotional stage of carcinogenesis.

B. Would be expected to produce positive responses in in vitro assays for muta-

genic potential.

C. Typically exerts other forms of toxicity and/or disrupts cellular homeostasis.

D. Generally shows little structural diversity.

E. Typically has little effect on cell turnover.

15 ) Which of the following is not an initiating event in carcinogenesis?

A. DNA adduct formation

B. DNA strand breakage

C. Mutation of proto-oncogenes

D. Oxidative damage of DNA

E. Mitogenesis

16 ) Which of the following is a nongenotoxic liver carcinogen in rats?

A. Aflatoxin

B. Vinyl chloride

C. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

D. Clofibrate

E. Tamoxifen

17 ) Melamine causes nongenotoxic carcino-

genicity by the mechanism of ------

A. Altered-DNA methylation

B. Induction of oxidative stress

D. Stimulation of PPAR-alpha receptors

18 ) Which of the following is not a criterion for fetal alcohol syndrome diagnosis?

A. Maternal alcohol consumption during Gestation

B. Pre and postnatal growth retardation

C. Microcephaly

D. Ocular toxicity

E. Mental retardation

19) Which of the following is not associated

with glycol ether toxicity?

A. Irreversible spermatotoxicity

B. Craniofacial malformations

C. Hematotoxicity

D. Seminiferous tubule atrophy

E. Cleft lip

20 ) Benzene is similar to toluene -----

A. In its metabolism to redox active metabolites

B. Regarding covalent binding of its metabolites to proteins

C. In its ability to produce CNS depression

D. In its ability to produce acute myelogenous leukemia

E. In its ability to be metabolized to benzoquinone

A. Animal venoms are strictly metabolized by the liver.

B. The kidneys are responsible for the excretion of metabolized venom.

C. Venoms can be absorbed by facilitated diffusion.

D. Most venom fractions distribute unequally throughout the body.

E. Venom receptor sites exhibit highly variable degrees of sensitivity.

22) Scorpion venoms do not ------.

A. Affect potassium channels

B. Affect sodium channels

C. Affect chloride channels

D. Affect calcium channels

E. Affect initial depolarization of the action potential

23) Which of the following statements regarding snakes is false?

A. Inorganic anions are often found in snake venoms.

B. About 20% of snake species are venomous.

C. Snake venoms often interfere with blood coagulation mechanisms.

D. Proteolytic enzymes are common constituents of snake venoms.

E. Snakebite treatment is often specific for each type of envenomation.

24) Poisoning from these animals is referred to as tegenarism and can generate a

wound that takes years to properly heal.

A. Black widow

B. Hobo spider

C. Brown recluse
D. Tarantula

E. Scorpion

25) The type of skeletal muscle contractions

seen in tetanus is -------

A. Clonic

B. Tonic

C. Both

D. Twitching