LABORATORY ACTIVITY NO.
11
THE BLOOD
Scope of Laboratory Activity
This laboratory activity consists of three (3) worksheets:
Worksheet no. 1 Blood Typing
Worksheet no. 2 Blood Smear
Worksheet no. 3 Blood Coagulation
Overview
Blood, the vital “life fluid” that courses through the body’s blood vessels, provides the means by
which the body’s cells receive vital nutrients and oxygen and dispose of the metabolic wastes. As
blood flows past the tissue cells, exchanges continually occur between the blood and the tissue
cells, so that vital activities can go on continuously (Marieb, 2001).
Objectives
After completing this laboratory activity, the student will be able to:
1. Determine one’s blood type.
2. Appreciate the process of blood typing.
3. Recognize the different cellular components of blood in a blood smear.
4. Determine bleeding and clotting times.
Materials
Lancets Blood smear slide Microscope
Glass slides Pencil/ Colored pencil
Anti-A serum and Anti-B Serum Filter Paper
Toothpicks Needle
70% Alcohol Watch with a second hand
Cotton Balls
Worksheet 1 Blood Typing
Before the procedure
1. Follow safety precaution.
1.1 Wear gloves while performing blood tests.
1.2 Place blood slides and toothpicks in a biohazard container after the activity.
Laboratory Activity 11 The Blood_NSBALLENA_ALDABA
1.3 Clean your area at the end of the laboratory activity.
2. Prepare a clean glass slide, two new toothpicks, pencil, lancet, cotton balls, 70% alcohol
and anti-A and anti-B sera.
3. Divide the glass slide in half and Mark A on the left side and B on the right side.
Obtaining Blood Sample
4. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water. Dry with clean paper towel.
5. Wipe the fingertip of your ring finger with a cotton ball soaked in 70% alcohol. Allow
alcohol to dry without wiping.
6. Open a new, sterile blood lancet exposing the sharp tip only.
7. Puncture the cleaned fingertip with a sterile lancet (The instructor will teach you how to
do this). Never reuse a lancet, even your own.
8. Deposit the used lancet in the sharps container for biohazard materials only.
9. Wipe away the first drop of blood with a cotton ball and dispose in a biohazard wates
container.
10. Gently squeeze one drop of blood on each side of a clean prepared slide without the
finger touching the slide.
11. Add a drop of Anti-A serum (group B) to the blood drop on side A. Add a drop of anti-B
serum (group A) to the blood drop on slide B.
12. Mix the serum and blood cells using separate and clean toothpicks. Observe closely what
happens to the mixture. Determine presence/absence of agglutination or clumping of
cells.
After the procedure
13. Interpret results as follows:
Blood Type A – agglutination occurs only on glass slide A
Blood Type B – agglutination occurs only a glass slide B
Blood Type AB – agglutination occurs on both glass slides A and B
Blood Type O – no agglutination occurs on both glass slides.
14. Answer the following questions:
a. Result of your blood typing revealed you have Blood type . (This has to be
verified by your instructor. Show both slides properly labelled.)
b. The above is based on the observation that agglutination occurred in glass
slide(s) .
Laboratory Activity 11 The Blood_NSBALLENA_ALDABA
c. Correctly complete the following table concerning ABO Blood Groups
Blood Type Agglutinogens Agglutinins or Can donate Can receive
or Antigens antibodies in blood to type blood from type
plasma
Type A A
Type B Anti –A
Type AB AB
Type O None
d. What blood type is the universal donor? .
e. What blood type is the universal recipient? .
Worksheet 2. Blood Smear
1. Examine the picture of the prepared microscope slides of a blood smear.
2. Identify the different blood elements.
3. After identifying the blood elements, name the functions of these blood elements.
1) ___________ 2) _____________ 3) ____________
4) _________________ 5) ______________________ 6) ___________________
Laboratory Activity 11 The Blood_NSBALLENA_ALDABA
Functions of the identified blood formed elements:
1. _____________________________________
2. _____________________________________
3. _____________________________________
4. _____________________________________
5. _____________________________________
6. _____________________________________
Worksheet 2. Components of blood
A. This is a picture of a centrifuged sample of whole blood. What components of the blood are in the
3 layers identified?
A B C
1. __________
2. __________
(buffy coat)
3. __________
A.
1. ______________________________________
2. ______________________________________
3. ______________________________________
B. Supposing tube A represents normal complete blood count. Noting the lowermost layer of the
centrifuged blood sample (red part) and comparing it to the corresponding layers in tubes B and C
what can you say about the possible clinical implications for tubes B and C?
1. What could be the clinical implication of tube B?
2. How about tube C?
References
Laboratory Activity 11 The Blood_NSBALLENA_ALDABA
Allen, Connie and Harper, Valerie. (2011) Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology. 4th
Edition. Jon Wiley & Sons. Inc.
Marieb, Elaine.(2002). Anatomy & Physiology Coloring Workbook 6th Edition. Pearson Education
Asia Pte.Ltd
Paguio,JT, Valera, MJT Valera, Abad, PJ. (2011) Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology
(some contents are adapted from this manual)
Laboratory Activity 11 The Blood_NSBALLENA_ALDABA
Laboratory Activity 11 The Blood_NSBALLENA_ALDABA
