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“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”

IS 7016-3 (1981): Methods of Test for Coated and Treated

Fabrics, Part III: Determination of Tear Strength [PCD 13:
Rubber and Rubber Products]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह”

है”
ह
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
( Reaffirmed 2003 )
 IS : 7016 (Part III ) - 1981

Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR COATED AND
TREATED FABRICS
PART III DETERMINATION OF TEAR STRENGTH

( First Revision )
Treated Fabrics Sectional Committee, PCDC 16
Chairman Representing
SHR~ S. L. GANDHI Ministry of Defence ( R & D )

Members
LT-COL R. G. WASTRAD Alternates to Shri S. L. Gandhi
SHRI M. L. BAHRANI >
SHRI A. K. BANDOPADHYA Ministry of Defence ( DGI )
S~IRI P. L. NAG ( Alternate )
SHRI A. T. BASAK Direcgtoite General of Supplies and Disposals, New

SHRI A. R. HALDAR ( Alternate )

SHRI BASANT KrJMAR Basant Pran Electric Co Pvt Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI J. S. NARULA ( Alternate )
SHRI D. J. BHARUCHA Bayer ( lndia ) Ltd, Bombay
SHRI K. J. JANAKAP ( Alternate )
SHRI T. S. BIDDAPA National Organic Chemical Industries Ltd, Bombay
SHRI J. K. VADODARIA ( Alternate )
SHRI A. BOSE Bengal Waterproof Works ( 1940 ) Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI B. DUTTA ( Alternate )
SHRI A. GHOSH National Test House, Calcutta
JOINT DIRECTOROF MINES SAFETY Directorate General of Mines Safety, Dhanbad
SHRI S. C. BATRA ( Akernate )
SHRI Z. S. KAJIJI Caprihans India Ltd, Thane
DR S. P. MANIK Ministry of Railways
SHRI P. K. MUNSHI (Alternate )
SHRI J. R. MODI Ahmedabad Textile Industry’s Research Associa-
tion, Ahmadabad
SHRI RAMAN M. PATEL Bhor Industries Ltd, Bombay
SHRI K. L. SHAH ( Alternate )
( Continued on page 2 )

p
Tbrs pubbcatton IS protected under the Zndzan Copyrrghr Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of.tbe
publisher shall be deemed to be an infrigement of copyright under the said Act. *
IS : 7016 ( Part III ) - 1981

( Conrinuedfrom page 1 )

Members Representing
SHRIMP.RAMDAS Central Warehousing Corporation, New Delhi
SHRI S. SAMPATHKUMAR( Alternate )
SHRI G. H. RODRICKS Fibreglass Pilkington Ltd, Bombay
SHRI B. ROY East India Rubber Works Pvt Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI P. P. SHARMA Directorate General of Technical Development,
New Delhi
SHRI N. K. AGARWAL ( Alternate )
SHRI K. SRINIVASAN Varma Industrials Ltd, Bangalore
SHRI M. S. SAXENA, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-officio Member )
Director ( P & C )

Secretary
SHRI V. S. LAL
Deputy Director (P & C ), ISI

Methods of Test for Treated Fabrics Subcommittee, PCDC 16 : 6

Convener
SHRI S. L. GANDHI Ministry of Defence ( R & D )

Members
SHRI M. L. BAHRANI ( Alternate to
Shri S. L. Gandhi )’
DR B. R. C. ANAND Calico Chemicals, Plastics and Fibres Division,
Bombay
SHRI S. MITRA ( Alternate )
SHRI A. T. BASAK Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals,
New Delhi
SHRI P. K. BASU ( Alternate )
SHRI A. CHELLARAJ Madura Coats Ltd, Madurai
SHRI S. GNANASEKHARAN( Alternate )
SHRI A. GHOSH National Test House, Calcutta
SHRI S. P. MANIK Ministry of Railways
SHRI P. L. NAG Ministry of Defence ( DGI )
SHRI S. L. SRIVASTAVA ( Alternate )
DR J. K. NIGAM Shri Ram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi
SHRI K. K. JIJNEJA( Alternate )
DR S. Y. PANDIT Bayer ( India ) Ltd, Bombay
DR P. V. RAIKAR ( Alternate )
SHRI M. M. PATEL Synthetics and Chemicals Ltd, Bombay
SHRI R. K. NAYAK ( Alternate )
SHRI B. ROY East India Rubber Works Pvt Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI J. M. SHROFF Bhor Industries Ltd, Bombay
SHRI S. K. VERMA Caprihans India Ltd, Bombay
SHRI Z. S. KAJIJI ( Alternate )

( Continued on page 11 )

2
 L

IS : 7016 ( Part III ) - 1981

Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR COATED AND
TREATED FABRICS
PART III DETERMINATION OF TEAR STRENGTH

( First , Revision )

0. FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part III ) ( First Revision ) was adopted by the
Indian Standards Institution on 25 November 1981, after the draft finalized
by the Treated Fabrics Sectional Committee had been approved by the
Petroleum, Coal and Related Products Division Council.
0.2 This standard was first published in 1973 and has been revised mainly to
align it with IS0 4674-1977 ‘ Fabrics coated with rubber or plastics - Deter-
mination of tear resistance ‘, issued by the International Organization for
Standardization.

0.3 This standard is designed to determine the tear strength of fabrics coated
with rubber or plastics. ’

0.4 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this

standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing
the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS : 2-1960”. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off
value shall be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard ( Part III ) prescribes three methods for the determination
of the tear resistance of fabrics coated with rubber or plastics. The methods,
Al, A2, and B, do not give the same results.

*Rulesfor rounding off numerical values ( revised ).

3
IS : 7016 (Part III) - 1981

1.1.1 The methods are applicable to coated fabrics in which the consti-
tuents of the backing fabric perpendicular to the direction of tearing are
broken; they are not applicable to fabrics with cellular backing or a meshed
cloth backing in which the tear pattern is complex, and are only of limited
value for coated fabrics employing knitted-base fabrics.
2. TERMINOLOGY
2.1 For the purpose of this standard, definitions given in IS : 2244-1972*
shall apply.
3. PRINCIPLE
3.1 In methods Al and A2, force is applied to extend steadily a cut in the
test piece. In method B, a sudden force is applied to the test piece with a
cut in it.
4. SAMPLING
4.1 The samples shall be cut in such a way as to be as representative as
possible of the whole piece being examined. The test pieces shall be select-
ed in such a way that their edges are situated at a minimum distance of
0.10 m from the longitudinal edge; they shall not be taken from less than
1 m from the ends of the piece.
4.1.1 For the test for tearing in the transverse direction (that is tearing
longitudinal threads ), the test pieces shall be selected so that their width is
parallel to the longitudinal edge of the coated fabric.
4.1.2 For the test for tearing in the longitudinal direction ( that is tearing
transverse threads ), the test pieces shall be selected so that their width is
perpendicular to the longitudinal edge of the coated fabric.
5. NUMBER OF TEST PIECES
5.1 For each series of tests, 10 test pieces shall be selected, 5 in the longitu.
dinal direction and 5 in the transverse direction of the sample piece.
The same thread of cloth in the direction to be tested shall not appear
in more than one test piece.
6. TIME LAPSE BETWEEN MANUFACTURE AND TESTING
6.1 For all test purposes, the minimum time between manufacture and test-
ing shall be 16 hours, in order to ensure that the material attains dimen-
sional stability due to stress relaxation.
6.2 In order to bind the user and supplier to a stipulated time for carrying
out conformity test for supplied material, the following shall apply.

*Glossary of terms relating to treated fabrics (first revision).

 IS : 7016( Part III ) - 1981

6.2.1 For non-product test, separate test pieces are required for testing.
Therefore, the maximum time between manufacture and testing shall be 6
weeks and for the evaluation to be comparable the tests, as far as possible,
shall be carried out after the same time interval.
6.2.2 For product test, whenever possible, the time between manufacture
and testing shall not exceed 6 months. In other cases, tests shall be made
within 4 months of the date of the receipt of the product by the customer.

7. CONDITIONING OF TEST PIECES

7.1 The test pieces shall be conditioned immediately before testing for a
minimum of 48 hours at 27 f 2°C and 65 +. 5 percent relative humidity.
7.2 If it is required to determine the properties of wet material, the test
pieces shall be immersed in distilled water containing 1 percent ( V/Y) ethanol
for 24 hours at 27 f 2°C. The test pieces shall be cut prior to this immer-
sion. Immediately after removal of the test pieces from water, they shall be
blotted between two sheets of absorbent paper and tested at once.

8. TEST METHODS
8.1 Method A - Constant Rate of Tear
8.1.1 The test machine shall be power-driven and shall be equipped with
a suitable dynamometer. It shall be capable of maintaining, during the test,
a substantially constant rate of traverse within the range 1.7 f O-17 mm/s
or 5.0 I_ 0.2 mm/s and of recording the force autographically. An inertia-
less dynamometer’( for example of electronic or optical type ) shall prefera-
bly be used.
NOTE - Pendulum type inertia dynamometers may in fact give different results
because of the effects of friction and inertia. When the use of an inertia dynamo-
meter is unavoidable, information may be obtained on the tear resistance in the
following way: the capacity of the machine, or the measuring scale selected when a
variable-range machine is involved shall be such that the separation force reading is
between 15 and 85 percent of the rated capacity.
8.1.1.1 The accuracy of the machine shall be such that the error in the
force measurement as shown and recorded shall not exceed 2 percent of the
force or 0.4 percent of the maximum of the scale, whichever is the smaller.
The jaws of the machine shall be wider than the test piece and, in any case,
not less than 75 mm wide.
8.1.1.2 All edges that might cause a cutting action shall be rounded to
a radius of not more than 0.4 mm. The pressure between the gripping
surfaces, sufficient to clamp the test piece firmly before the testing load is
applied and to prevent slippage during the progress of the test, shall be
attained by means of any suitably constructed mechanical device operating
on the movable member of the clamp. .o

..,:_.
.-!..
IS : 7016 ( Part III ) - 1981

8.1.2 Method Al - Test Using Three-Tongued Test Piece - Double Tear

8.1.2.1 Test piece - The test piece ( see Fig. 1 ) shall be rectangular,
225 mm long by 75 mm wide. Two longitudinal slits 100 mm in length
shall be made in it to form 3 tongues, 25 f 0.5 mm wide.
8.1.2.2 Procedure - Adjust the test machine to give the required rate of
jaw traverse and select an appropriate load capacity range. Engage and zero
the autographic recorder. Place the middle tongue of the test piece in the
fixed jaw so that the line bc ( see Fig. 1 ) is just visible. Maintain the
distance between the two tongues at 25 mm. Set up test pieces with the
respective axes of the backing fabric parallel and perpendicular to the direc-
tion of application of force.
Start the test machine at the specified rate of traverse and continue the
tearing until the test piece is completely torn.
-25

2i5

\ INCISION

c
I

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 1 THREE-TONGUED TEST PIJXE

6
 IS : 7016 ( Part III ) - 1981

8.1.2.3 Expression of results - From the trace obtained on the recorder,

determine the median of the 5 highest forces on the central 50 percent.
Report the result as the median value for 5 test pieces.
8.1.3 Method A2 - Test Using Trouser-Shaped Test Piece - Single Tear
8.1.3.1 Test piece - The test piece ( see Fig. 2 ) shall be a rectangular
strip 225 mm long by 75 f 0.5 mm wide. A longitudinal slit, 80 mm in
length, shall be made in it beginning from the middle of the width.

2 5

INCISION\

L-754
All dimensions in millimetres.
FIG. 2 TROUSER-SHAPED TEST PIECE
; 8.1.3.2 Procedure - Adjust the test machine to give the required rate
of jaw traverse and select an appropriate load capacity range. Engage and
zero the autographic recorder. Place the test piece symmetrically in the
jaws, with one tongue in each of the jaws and the uncut end of the test piece
remaining free. Take care to ensure that each tongue is fixed in a jaw,30
IS : 7016 ( Part III ) - 1981

that the beginning of the tear is parallel to the direction in which the tearing
force is applied.
Start the test machine at the specified rate of traverse and continue the
tearing until the test piece is completely torn.
8.1.3.3 Expression of results - From the trace obtained on the recorder,
determine the median of the 5 highest forces on the central 50 percent.
Report the result as the median value for 5 test pieces.

8.2 Method B - Tear Falling Pendulum

8.2.1 Apparatus - The test machine is of the pendulum type - in which
the test piece is held between two jaws, one movable and the other fixed.
The clamping faces of the jaws shall be in the same plane when the apparatus
is in its starting position. The moving jaws are attached to a pendulum
which can fall under the influence of gravity.
The apparatus is made up of the following parts:
a>A pendulum comprising a circumferential graduated scale to indicate
the energy used to tear the test piece. The test apparatus shall be
provided with several interchangeable scales so that the tearing
energy is between 15 and 85 percent of the scale maximum. This
pendulum may swing freely about a horizontal axis on roller
bearings.
b) A movable jaw solid with the pendulum and a fixed jaw solid with the
framework. These jaws shall be 2.5 mm apart in order to just permit
the passage of the knife. When the pendulum is in its starting posi-
tion, the clamping faces of the jaws shall be in the same plane per-
pendicular to the plane of swing of the pendulum. The force of the
jaws and the surface state of the clamping faces shall permit the test
piece to be held without slipping.
4 A sector release to hold the pendulum in a raised position during the
mounting of the test piece and to release the pendulum to tear the test
piece.
4 A pointer, driven by the pendulum, and a pointer stop to record the
maximum arc of the swing of the pendulum.

e) A knife to begin the tear of the test piece by cutting a slit in it

exactly half-way between the two jaws.
8.2.2 Test Piece - The test piece ( see Fig. 3 ) shall be a rectangle,
100 mm long and 75 & 0.5 mm wide. In one of the 100 mm sides, there
shall be a notch 12 f O-5 mm square.

8
 IS : 7016 ( Part III ) - 1981

75
63

INCISION-/ L5o_I

Tolerances on dimensions = f W5
All dimensions in millimetres.
FIG. 3 NOTCHED TEST PIECE

8.2.3 Procedure - Level the apparatus in a horizontal position. Adjust

the pointer so that when the apparatus is operated without a test piece it
stops at zero. Repeat this operation several times. Set the pendulum to
bring the two jaws to the same alignment. Put the pointer in the starting
position. Clamp the test piece in the jaws, so that the long side of the test
piece is parallel to the line of the upper edges of the jaws. Using the kinfe
[ see 8.2.1 ( e ) 1, make an incision 20 & 0.5 mm in the centre of the side
opposite the 12 mm square notch. Free the pendulum. When the test piece
has been torn, read the scale.
NOTE - The accuracy of the test depends on the length of the material which is
not cut.
8.2.4 Expression of Results - For each series of test pieces, determine
the median of the 5 energy values obtained in the longitudinal direction and
in the transverse direction respectively. 4
9

b.!“ ’
:L, ‘i
I.4 IT,
 IS : 7016 ( Part III ) - 1981

( Continued from page 2 )

Panel for Physical Methods of Test for Treated Fabrics, PCDC 16 : 6 : 1

Convener Representing
DR B. R. C. ANAND Calico Chemicals, Plastics and Fibres Division,
Bombay

Members
SHRI BASANT KUMAR Basant Pran Electric Co Pvt Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI J. S. NARULA ( Alternate )
SHRI A. T. BASAK Direc$rx&z. General of Supplies & Disposals, New

SHRI P. K. BASU ( Alternate )

SHRI T. S. BIDDAPA National Organic Chemical Industries Ltd, Bombay
DR P. D. TRIVEDI ( Alternate )
SHRI B. DWI-TA Bengal Waterproof Works ( 1940 ) Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI A. GHOSH National Test House, Calcutta

11
INDIAN STANDARDS

ON

TREATED FABRICS

IS :

1001-1956 Fuel pump diaphram fabrics: ( a ) synthetic rubber proofed, ( b ) varnish

proofed
1259-1977 Vinyl coated fabrics ( second revision )
1421-1964 Cellulose nitrate coated fabrics ( revised )
2037-1962 Tracing cloth
2089-1977 Common proofed canvas/duck and paulins ( tarpaulins ) ( second revision )
2244-1972 Glossary of terms relating to treated fabrics ( firsf revision )
2789-1972 Special proofed paulins ( tarpaulins ) (first revision )
3322-1965 PVC-coated fabrics for foul weather clothing
3768-1966 PVC-ventilation tubing ( flexible ducting )
4355-1977 Fire-resistant brattice cloth ( firsrrevision )
4501-1967 Aprons, rubberized, acid and alkali resistant
4810-1968 Fumigation sheets and covers, rubberized
5915-1970 Single texture rubberized waterproof fabrics
61 lo-1971 Double-texture rubberized fabrics
6803-1972 Special proofed canvas and duck
7016 Methods of test for treated fabrics
7016 ( Part I )-1973 Determination of roll characteristics
7016 ( Part II )-1973 Determination of breaking strength andextension at break
7016 (‘Part III )-1981 Determination of tear strength (first revision )
7016 ( Part IV )-1973 Determination of resistance to damage by flexing
7016 ( Part V )-1973 Determination of coating adhesion
7016 ( Part VI )-1973 Determination of bursting strength
7016 ( Part VII )-1973 Determination of water proofness
7016 ( Part VIII )-1975 Accelerated ageing
8698-1977 Expanded vinyl coated fabrics
8699-1977 PVC coated fabrics for footwear industry
 AMENDMENT NO. 1 SEPTEMBER 1990
TO
IS 7016 ( Part 3 ) : 1981 METHODS OF TEST
FOR COATED AND TREATED FABRICS
PART 3 DETERMINATION OF TEAR STRENGTH
.
( First Revision )
( Page 6, clause 8.1.2.1) - Insert the following in the end:
‘NOTE-In case of coated fabrics of high tear strength, if the tongue breaks
or threads are pulled from the fabric instead of being broken, wider specimens,
200 mm x 150 mm, shall be used with the tongue 50 mm wide.’

(PCD16)

Printed at Printwell Printers, Delhi, India