ĐẢO NGỮ (INVERSION)
I. Công thức chung của câu đảo ngữ: Trạng từ + Trợ động từ + S + V (chính)
- Ví dụ 1: I haven’t ever felt so lonely = Never had I felt so lonely.
Trạng từ trong câu: Never
Trợ động từ quá khứ của câu: had
- Ví dụ 2: I met him only once = Only once did I meet him.
Trạng từ trong câu: Only once
Trợ động từ quá khứ của câu: did
II. Các cấu trúc đảo ngữ phổ biến.
1. Phép đảo ngữ với các trạng từ chỉ tần suất.
Các trạng từ chỉ tần suất như barely, hardly, never, rarely, scarcely, seldom, little… thường là
những trạng từ mang ý nghĩa phủ định.
Never/ Rarely/ Seldom/ Little + trợ động từ + S + V (không bao giờ/hiếm khi ai đó làm gì)
Example:
o She had scarcely finished reading when she fell asleep = Scarcely had she finished
reading when she fell asleep.
o Casper little knew that this was the end of his career. = Little did Casper know that this
was the end of his career.
2. Đảo ngữ với cấu trúc No sooner… than = Hardly…When
No sooner + trợ động từ + S + V + than + S + V
= Hardly + trợ động từ + S + V + when + S + V
(Ngay sau khi/Không bao lâu sau khi … thì…)
Example:
o No sooner did I arrive home than my family started eating lunch = Hardly did I arrive
home when my family started eating lunch.
o No sooner had I arrived home than the phone rang. = Hardly had I arrived home
when/before the phone rang.
3. Đảo ngữ với cấu trúc Not only … but also
Not only + trợ động từ + S + V but S also V
(không chỉ… mà còn)
Example:
o Not only is he nice but he also plays football well.
o Not only did she win the race but also broke the record.
Modal Verb: Not only + Trợ động từ/ Modal verb + S + V but also…
Example:
o He can not only play football, but also swim very well => Not only can he play football,
but also swim very well
*Note: từ “but also” có thể được bỏ đi hoặc tách ra khỏi “but” và đặt ở giữa hai câu.
Exanple: “Not only have I seen the movie but also read the book” hoặc “Not only have I seen the
movie, but I have also read the book” (Tôi không những đã xem phim mà còn đọc cả nguyên tác).
4. Đảo ngữ với các cụm từ phủ định có NO.
Những cụm từ vựng có NO mang nghĩa phủ định như:
o At no time: Chưa từng bao giờ.
o In no way: Không còn cách nào.
o On no condition: Tuyệt đối không.
o On no account = For no reasons: Không có bất cứ lý do gì.
o Under/In no circumstances: Trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không.
o No longer: Không còn nữa.
o No where: Không một nơi nào.
Công thức đảo ngữ với các cụm từ phủ định có NO:
Cụm phủ định có No + trợ động từ + S + V
Example:
o She didn’t have to do like that = On no account did she do like that.
o He never goes out with strangers = At no time does he go out with strangers.
o Leaving home is always a bad idea = In no circumstances should you leave home.
EXERCISES
I. Choose the best option.
1. Olga handed in her exam paper. She then realised that she had missed one question.
A. Having realized that she had missed one question. Olga handed in her exam paper.
B. Not until Olga had handed in her exam paper did she realise that she had missed one question.
C. Had Olga realized that she had missed one question, she wouldn’t hand in her exam paper.
D. Only after Olga realized that she had missed one question did she hand in her exam paper.
2. He badly suffered cyberbullying himself. He realized the true dangers of social media only
then.
A. Not until he had badly suffered cyberbullying himself did he realize the true dangers of social
media.
B. Such was his suffering of cyberbullying that he didn’t realize the true dangers of social media.
C. Only when he had realized the true dangers of social media did he badly suffer cyberbullying
himself.
D. But for his terrible suffering of cyberbullying, he wouldn’t realize the true dangers of social
media.
3. If you were there, you'd understand.
A. Were you there, you'd understand.
B. There you were, you'd understand.
C. If there you were, you'd understand.
D. Understand, you'd if you were there.
