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Water Resources

Water is a crucial and abundant resource, existing in various states and primarily categorized into marine and fresh water. While 99% of the hydrosphere is marine water, only 1% of fresh water is available for human use, primarily for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes. Overutilization of water resources leads to significant environmental issues, necessitating conservation efforts such as reducing, reusing, recycling, and implementing technologies like rainwater harvesting and desalination.

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12 views3 pages

Water Resources

Water is a crucial and abundant resource, existing in various states and primarily categorized into marine and fresh water. While 99% of the hydrosphere is marine water, only 1% of fresh water is available for human use, primarily for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes. Overutilization of water resources leads to significant environmental issues, necessitating conservation efforts such as reducing, reusing, recycling, and implementing technologies like rainwater harvesting and desalination.

Uploaded by

akashneet323
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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WATER RESOURCES

water, a substance composed of the chemical elements hydrogen and oxygen and
existing in gaseous, liquid, and solid states. It is one of the most plentiful and essential
of compounds. A tasteless and odourless liquid at room temperature, it has the
important ability to dissolve many other substances .

Water is the most abundant, inexhaustible renewable resource. Marine Water- It


include 99% area of hydrosphere, includes sea and ocean.
(a) Fresh Water- It include water without salts or salts presents in permissible limits, Only
1% of fresh water is present for human consumption in the form of lakes, ponds and
river.
Uses od surface and ground water
1. Consumptive use: In such uses, water is completely utilized and cannot be reused. Ex:
Domestic, industrial and irrigation.
2. Non-consumptive use: In such uses, water is not completely utilized and is reused
Ex: Hydropower plant
3. Other uses:
a. Domestic uses- Water is used for domestic purposes like drinking, bathing, cooking,
washing. etc.
b. Commercial uses- Water is used in commercial establishments like hotels, theaters,
educational institutions, offices, etc.
c. Agriculture uses- Almost 60-70% of fresh water is used for irrigation.
d. Industrial uses- 20-30% of water is used for industrial operations by refineries, iron &
steel industries, paper & pulp industries, etc.
e. Control global warming-
f. Control pollution- Water plays a key role in sculpting the earths surface, moderating
climate and diluting pollutants.
Over utilization of surface and ground water- Water shapes the earth's surface
and regulates ore climate. Overuse of groundwater for drinking, irrigation and domestic
purposes has resulted in rapid depletion of groundwater in various regions leading to
lowering of water table and drying of wells.

a. Agriculture
b. Urban population
c. Industrial uses
d. Urban construction-
e. Deforestation
f. Effects of over uses of water
g. Drought
h. Hydrological cycle effects
i. Deforestation
j. Desertification
k. Food problem
l. Loss of wild life
m. Loss of biodiversity
n. Water related diseases
o. Global warming
p. Habitat damage, affecting both terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
Conservation of water-
a. By applying 3R pattern
i. Reduce
ii. Reuse
iii. Recycle
b. Dam
c. Rain water harvesting in urban area
d. Sprinkling irrigation in agriculture
e. Dams – Many dams and their associated reservoirs supply additional water in times of drought.
f. Cloud seeding – a form of intentional weather modification to induce rainfall. This remains a
hotly debated topic, as the United States National Research Council released a report in 2004
stating that to date, there is still no convincing scientific proof of the efficacy of intentional
weather modification.
g. Desalination – Sea water for irrigation or consumption.
h. Drought monitoring – Continuous observation of rainfall levels and comparisons with current
usage levels can help prevent man-made drought.

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