Instillation medicines
John Gikaro
KILIMANJARO COHAS
3 Feb 2025
Inhalation medicines (1)
• Liquid medications that are administered
drop by drop into a specific body cavity
or surface, such as the eyes, ears, nose,
or bladder
• Designed for local therapeutic effects but
may sometimes have systemic
absorption.
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Types of Instillation Medicines
• Ophthalmic (Eye) Instillations
• Otic (Ear) Instillations
• Nasal Instillations
(Drops/Sprays)
• Bladder Instillations
• Other Specialized Instillations
Ophthalmic (Eye)
Instillations
Ophthalmic (Eye) Instillations
• Liquid medications that are administered as drops, gels, or ointments
directly into the eye
• They are used to treat various eye conditions, including infections,
inflammation, dryness, glaucoma, and allergies
• These medications work by delivering localized effects with minimal
systemic absorption
Types of ophthalmic instillations
• Lubricants – For dry eyes and irritation.
• Antibiotics – To treat bacterial infections.
• Antiviral Drops – Used for viral eye infections.
• Anti-inflammatory Drops – To reduce inflammation and swelling.
• Glaucoma Medications – To lower intraocular pressure.
• Mydriatics & Cycloplegics – To dilate the pupil for eye exams or surgery.
• Antihistamines – To treat allergic conjunctivitis.
• Corticosteroids – For severe inflammation or post-surgery recovery.
Common ophthalmic instillations
• Artificial Tears – Dry eye relief
• Timolol – Glaucoma (reduces intraocular pressure)
• Latanoprost – Glaucoma (prostaglandin analog)
• Tobramycin – Bacterial eye infections
• Ciprofloxacin – Bacterial conjunctivitis & corneal ulcers
• Prednisolone Acetate – Eye inflammation (corticosteroid)
• Atropine Sulfate – Pupil dilation (for eye exams or uveitis)
• Olopatadine – Allergic conjunctivitis (antihistamine)
• Ganciclovir – Viral eye infections (herpetic keratitis)
• Brimonidine – Glaucoma (reduces intraocular pressure)
Otic (Ear)
Instillations
Otic (Ear) Instillations
• Liquid medications administered into the ear canal in the form of ear
drops
• Used to treat ear infections, inflammation, pain, excessive earwax,
and other ear-related conditions
• Otic drops provide localized treatment, minimizing systemic side
effects.
Types of otic instillations
• Antibiotic Drops – To treat bacterial ear infections (e.g., otitis externa,
otitis media).
• Anti-inflammatory Drops – To reduce swelling, pain, and irritation.
• Analgesic (Pain-Relieving) Drops – To relieve ear pain.
• Antifungal Drops – For treating fungal ear infections.
• Cerumenolytics (Earwax Softeners) – Help dissolve and remove earwax
buildup.
• Combination Drops – Contain multiple agents (antibiotic + steroid + pain
reliever) for comprehensive treatment
Common otic instillations
• Ciprofloxacin + Dexamethasone – Bacterial ear infections (antibiotic + steroid)
• Ofloxacin – Bacterial infections (otitis media, otitis externa)
• Neomycin + Polymyxin B + Hydrocortisone – Bacterial ear infections &
inflammation
• Acetic Acid – Mild external ear infections (antiseptic)
• Carbamide Peroxide – Earwax softener (cerumenolytic)
• Clotrimazole – Fungal ear infections (antifungal)
• Burow’s Solution (Aluminum Acetate) – Swimmer’s ear (antiseptic & anti-
inflammatory)
• Hydrocortisone + Acetic Acid – Fungal & mild bacterial infections
• Benzocaine + Antipyrine – Pain relief for ear infections
• Triethanolamine Polypeptide Oleate – Earwax removal
Nasal
Instillations
Nasal Instillations
• Medications administered into the nose in the form of drops, sprays,
gels, or powders
• Used to treat conditions such as nasal congestion, allergies,
infections, nasal dryness, and hormonal disorders
• Nasal instillations provide localized effects but can also lead to
systemic absorption, especially with certain drugs like decongestants
or hormones
Types of Nasal Instillations
• Decongestants – Relieve nasal congestion by shrinking swollen blood vessels.
• Antihistamines – Used for allergic rhinitis (e.g., hay fever).
• Steroids (Corticosteroids) – Reduce nasal inflammation caused by allergies or chronic conditions.
• Saline Solutions – Hydrate and clear nasal passages.
• Antibiotic Nasal Drops – Treat bacterial infections like MRSA colonization.
• Antiviral Nasal Sprays – Used for viral infections (e.g., flu prevention).
• Hormonal Nasal Sprays – Deliver systemic hormone therapy (e.g., for osteoporosis).
• Pain Relievers – Rare, but some formulations provide localized analgesia.
• Migraine Medications – Some fast-acting migraine treatments are given as nasal sprays.
• Vaccines – Certain flu vaccines can be administered via nasal spray.
Common Nasal Instillations
• Oxymetazoline – Nasal congestion (decongestant)
• Fluticasone Propionate – Allergic rhinitis (corticosteroid)
• Mometasone Furoate – Nasal allergies & inflammation
• Budesonide – Chronic sinusitis & allergies
• Azelastine – Allergic rhinitis (antihistamine)
• Saline Nasal Spray – Nasal dryness & congestion
• Ipratropium Bromide – Runny nose (anticholinergic)
• Mupirocin Nasal Ointment – Bacterial infections (MRSA prevention)9.
Sumatriptan – Migraines
• Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV4) – Flu prevention (nasal vaccine)
Nasal
Instillations
Bladder Instillations
• Involve the administration of liquid medications directly into the
bladder through a catheter
• This method is used to treat various urological conditions, such as
interstitial cystitis, bladder infections, inflammation, and bladder
cancer
• Bladder instillations allow localized treatment, reducing systemic side
effects and providing targeted therapy for bladder-related conditions
Types of Bladder Instillations
• Anti-inflammatory Agents – Reduce bladder inflammation (e.g., for interstitial
cystitis).
• Antibiotics – Treat or prevent chronic bladder infections.
• Chemotherapy Agents – Used for bladder cancer treatment.
• Immunotherapy Agents – Stimulate the immune system to fight bladder cancer.
• Analgesic (Pain-Relieving) Agents – Provide pain relief for bladder conditions.
• Anticoagulants – Reduce blood clots in bladder disorders.
• Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) Replenishment – Restore bladder lining protection.
• Alkalinizing Agents – Adjust urine pH to improve drug effectiveness.
• Anesthetic Agents – Provide temporary bladder numbing (e.g., before
procedures).
• Combination Therapies – Use multiple agents for comprehensive treatment.
Examples of Bladder Instillations
• Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) — Interstitial cystitis (reduces inflammation &
pain)
• Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) — Bladder cancer (immunotherapy)
• Mitomycin C — Bladder cancer (chemotherapy)
• Epirubicin — Bladder cancer (chemotherapy)
• Gentamicin Sulfate — Chronic bladder infections (antibiotic)
• Heparin Sodium — Interstitial cystitis (restores bladder lining)
• Lidocaine Hydrochloride — Bladder pain relief (local anesthetic)
• Chondroitin Sulfate — Bladder lining protection (GAG replenishment)
• Hyaluronic Acid — Interstitial cystitis (bladder repair)
• Alkalized Lidocaine — Pain relief for bladder conditions
Activity: Brainstorming (5 Minutes)
Slido.com
Code #: 1010333
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