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Ophthalmology is a medical specialty focused on diagnosing and treating eye disorders, with ophthalmologists undergoing extensive training in both medical and surgical eye care. They manage a range of conditions, including cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy, and often engage in research to advance eye care practices. Key diagnostic methods include indirect ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography, and various eye examinations.

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23 views3 pages

Eye

Ophthalmology is a medical specialty focused on diagnosing and treating eye disorders, with ophthalmologists undergoing extensive training in both medical and surgical eye care. They manage a range of conditions, including cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy, and often engage in research to advance eye care practices. Key diagnostic methods include indirect ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography, and various eye examinations.

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ndaprac
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Ophthalmology (/ˌɒfθælˈmɒlədʒi/, OFF-thal-MOL-ə-jee)[1] is a clinical and surgical specialty within

medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders.[2] A former term is oculism.

An ophthalmologist is a physician who undergoes subspecialty training in medical and surgical eye care.
[3] Following a medical degree, a doctor specialising in ophthalmology must pursue additional
postgraduate residency training specific to that field. This may include a one-year integrated internship
that involves more general medical training in other fields such as internal medicine or general surgery.
Following residency, additional specialty training (or fellowship) may be sought in a particular aspect of
eye pathology.[4]

Ophthalmologists prescribe medications to treat ailments, such as eye diseases, implement laser
therapy, and perform surgery when needed.[5] Ophthalmologists provide both primary and specialty eye
care—medical and surgical.[5] Most ophthalmologists participate in academic research on eye diseases
at some point in their training and many include research as part of their career.[6] Ophthalmology has
always been at the forefront of medical research with a long history of advancement and innovation in
eye care.[7]

Diseases

A brief list of some of the most common diseases treated by ophthalmologists:[8][9]

Cataract

Excessive tearing (tear duct obstruction)

Proptosis (bulged eyes)

Thyroid eye disease

Eye tumors

Ptosis

Diabetic retinopathy

Dry eye syndrome

Glaucoma

Macular degeneration
Retinal detachment

Endophthalmitis

Refractive errors

Strabismus (misalignment or deviation of eyes)

Uveitis

Ocular trauma

Ruptured globe injury

Orbital fracture

The most valued pharmaceutical companies worldwide whose leading products are in Ophthalmology
are Regeneron (United States) for Macular degeneration (AMD) treatment and Bausch Health (Canada)
for Front of eye.[10]

Diagnosis

Indirect ophthalmoscopy

Fluorescein angiography

Eye examination

Following are examples of examination methods performed during an eye examination that enables
diagnosis[citation needed]

Visual acuity assessment

Ocular tonometry to determine intraocular pressure

Extraocular motility and ocular alignment assessment

Slit lamp examination

Dilated fundus examination

Gonioscopy
Refraction

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