∙ Explain how fossil records,

Evidences
comparative anatomy, and genetic
information provide evidence for of
evolution.
∙ Explain the occurrence of evolution. Evolution
Evolution
•
•
Process
Biological Population
Evidences
•
•
Inheritable characteristics
Successive generations
of the population
• Develops in a long period
of
of time.
• Adapt to the changes in
their environment.
Evolution
1. Fossil Records a. Imprint Fossils
• Fossil records are traces of
organisms that lived in the
past and were preserved These are shallow
by natural process or external molds left by
catastrophic events.
• Fossil document the animal or plant tissues
existence of now extinct with little or no organic
past species that are material present.
related to present day
species.

b. Compression Fossils Relative Dating

These are fossils are
animal or plant tissues The age of rock is
preserved in sedimentary compared to the
rock and is formed with other rock layers.
more organic material.

Radiometric Dating 2. Comparative Anatomy

A method used to • Study of the similarities
determine the age of and differences in the
rocks using the decay structures of different
of radioactive species.
isotopes of Carbon-14 • Types of structures:
which is present in homologous structures,
rocks when the analogous structures
and vestigial structures.
organism died.
a. Homologous Structure a. Homologous Structure
• Body parts
of
organisms
that may
perform
different
functions
but are of
the same
origin.

b. Analogous Structure b. Analogous Structure

• Body parts
of
organisms
that may
perform the
same
function but
are different
origins.

c. Vestigial Structure 3. Embryonic Development

• Body parts • The portion of the life
that are cycle that begins just
useless or
left over after fertilization.
from a • Many organisms have
previous similar embryos,
ancestor in
which they supporting the idea of
were useful. common ancestors.

3. Embryonic Development 4. Genetic Information

• Small mutations or
changes in the
DNA eventually
lead to the
evolution of new
species.

4. Genetic Information 4. Genetic Information

 ARISTOTLE

Theory of 350 BCE

Species are identical.
They tend to remain
Evolution the same species
and can be arranged
hierarchically.

GEORGE LOUIS LECLERC CHARLES DARWIN

AD 1749
As species change, 1974
they migrate to Species evolved
another environment from one common
resulting in their ancestor.
distribution.

JEAN-BAPTISTE LAMARC CHARLES LYELL

1809
Species evolved from 1830
an existing species All changes in the
through
environmental environment are
forces. Traits can be uniform and
passed to the next
generation. gradual.

ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE

1859
Species evolved
from the process of VS
natural selection
which cause
variations within the
population. JEAN BAPTISTE CHARLES
LAMARC DARWIN

Theories of Acquired Characteristics

Theory on • Sometimes called theory of
the inheritance of acquired
characteristics or “soft
Evolution of inheritance”
• Holds that an organism
experiencing such a
Organism modification can transmit
such a character to its
offspring.
 Theories of Use and Disuse Theories of Need

• Parts of the organism that is • Changes in the

regularly use will undergo environment can arise
hypertrophy and will be
developed. to new needs, required
for species’ survival.

Survival of the Fittest Descent with Modification

• Organisms adapt • Species has

to its environment descended and
and survive. change over time.

Mechanism of Evolution by Natural

Selection

Mechanism of • Process which

population of living
Evolution organisms adapt
and change.

Mechanism of Evolution by Artificial

Selection Gene Flow
• Introduction of
• Identification of
genetic material
desirable traits by
(by interbreeding)
humans to
from one
perpetuate it to
population of
future generations.
species to another.

Genetic Drift Mutation

• Genes are
• The frequency of a damaged or
trait changes by changed that alter
chance randomly. the DNA
sequence.