Amrita School of Medicine

Kochi-682041

PROGRAM
MD PATHOLOGY
(Revised with effect from 2016
2016-2017 onwards)

MD Pathology Page 1
Table of Contents
Program Outcomes 3
Program Specific Outcomes 4
Methods Of Training 4
Teaching /Learning Content 5
Division Into Courses 6
Evaluation System 13

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GOAL :

The goal of postgraduate medical education shall be to produce competent specialist.

Who shall recognize the health needs of the community and carry out professional obligation
ethically and in keeping with the objectives of the national health policy;
(i) Who shall have mastered most of the competencies, retaining to the specialty, that are
required to be practiced at the secondary and tertiary levels of the healthcare delivery
system.
(ii) Who shall be aware of contemporary advances and developments in the discipline
concerned.
(iii) Who shall have acquired a spirit of scientific inquiry and oriented to the principles of
research methodology epidemiology and
(iv) Who shall have acquired the basic skills in teaching of the medical and paramedical
professionals.

OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the course a candidate must be able to

(i) Understand and explain about the factors in causation of disease.
(ii) Understand processes involved in the gross and microscopic changes of organs and
tissues and explain these changes.
(iii) Understand and explain the basis of evolution of clinical signs and symptoms.
(iv) Should be able to perform procedures designated for laboratory detection of diseases.
(v) Should be able to process and accurately interpret the representative materials obtained
from the patients in order to arrive at a correct diagnosis.
(vi) Should be able to recognize and report morphological changes in cells, tissues and
organs.
(vii) Should be able to plan, perform and report specific research projects.
(viii) Should be able to perform clinical autopsy and present CPC (Clinico Pathological
Correlation)

PROGRAM OUTCOMES
PO1: Recognize the health needs of the community and carry out professional obligation
ethically and in keeping with the objectives of the national health policy.
PO2: Master most of the competencies, retaining to the specialty, that are required to be
practiced at the secondary and tertiary levels of the healthcare delivery system.
PO3: Be aware of contemporary advances and developments in the discipline concerned.
PO4: Acquire a spirit of scientific inquiry and oriented to the principles of research methodology
epidemiology
PO5: Acquire the basic skills in teaching of the medical and paramedical professionals.

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 PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES
PSO1: Understand and explain about the factors in causation of disease.
PSO2: Understand processes involved in the gross and microscopic changes of organs and
tissues and explain these changes.
PSO3: Understand and explain the basis of evolution of clinical signs and symptoms.
PSO4: Should be able to perform procedures designated for laboratory detection of diseases.
PSO5: Should be able to process and accurately interpret the representative materials obtained
from the patients in order to arrive at a correct diagnosis.
PSO6: Should be able to recognize and report morphological changes in cells, tissues and organs.
PSO7: Should be able to plan, perform and report specific research projects.
PSO8: Should be able to perform clinical autopsy and present CPC (Clinico Pathological
Correlation)

METHODS OF TRAINING
Duration of course – 3 years.
(i) On job training
- Histopathology including techniques and reporting
- Cytology including FNAC, fluid cytology , exfoliative cytology- techniques and
reporting
- Haematology including blood banking and transfusion medicine- techniques and
reporting
- Clinical pathology- techniques and reporting
- Museum techniques
- Autopsy techniques and interpretation
- Serology- techniques and reporting
- Handling of hazardous material
- Handling, maintenance and calibration of instruments used in laboratory
- Undergraduate teaching
-
(ii) P.G. Teaching sessions
- Journal review
- Subject seminar
- Grossing discussions for autopsies and surgical material
- Slide seminars including histopathology ,haematology, and cytopathology
- Clinical case- group discussion
- Interdepartmental seminars

Postgraduate students should be encouraged to attend CME, Workshops, Conferences & present
papers.

TEACHING /LEARNING CONTENT

A. THEORY

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I BASIC SCIENCES
Anatomy/histology of all structures in human body/organs
- Physiology and biochemistry-Basic aspects of various metabolism and functioning of
endocrines
- Genetics-Fundamental / applied aspects
- Biostatistics
- Biomedical ethics-ethical issues related to Medical practice and research

II PATHOLOGY
Historical aspects
- General pathology
- Systemic pathology
- Haematology
- Blood banking and Transfusion Medicine
- Cytopathology
- Clinical Pathology
- Medical autopsy: Techniques and interpretation
- Recent advances in all fields, related to Pathology
- Organization of laboratory including quality control

III CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

Routine biochemical investigations and various organ function tests i.e. LFT, RFT etc.

B. PRACTICAL

Proficiency of technological methods should include the following:

1. Fields in which high degree of professional competence and theorotical knowledge is
expected:-
a) Gross pathology and histopathology
b) Haematology
c) Cytopathology
d) Clinical pathology and Blood banking

2. Fields in which student is expected to achieve reasonable working knowledge and skills to be
able to run laboratory services independently
a) Clinical chemistry
b) Clinical Microbiology
Routine Microbiological investigations including culture & sensitivity

3. Fields in which student is expected to achieve general acquaintance of techniques to

understand and interpret data
a) Immunopathology
b) Histochemistry
c) Immunohistochemistry
d) Cytogenetics
e) Molecular biology

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 f) Medical statistics

Division into Courses

Course 1 (General Pathology)
Objectives:
1. Understand response of cells/tissue to various injurious agents
2. Understand the basis of differentiation between benign and malignant tumours
3. Identify different infectious organisms and their tissue reactions
4. Relevance of genetic basis of diseases
5. Understand causes and pathogenesis of disease

Course 2 (Haematology, clinical pathology, cytology, transfusion medicine)

1. Planning of tests, interpretation and diagnosis of haematological diseases
2. Knowledge of automation and quality assurance in Haematology
3. Possess the knowledge necessary for the evaluation and reporting of cytopathology
specimens along with ability to independently perform fine needle aspiration of palpable
superficial lumps in patients and make good quality smears
4. Have reasonable working knowledge of blood banking
5. Knowledge of principles of all clinical pathology tests and significance of altered values
and interpretation

Course 3 (Systemic pathology)

1. Be able to identify, and systematically and accurately describe the chief gross
anatomic alterations in the surgically removed specimens and take appropriate tissue
sections
2. Be able to correctly diagnose majority of the cases in routine reporting
3. Knowledge of tissue-processing and understanding of the principles of automatic
tissue-processing machine
4. Be aware of the technique of autopsy and have sufficient understanding of various
disease processes, so that a meaningful clinico-pathological correlation can be made.

Course 4 (Recent advances in Pathology)

1. Familiarity with the principles, procedures and interpretation of various
immunohistochemical stains
2. Familiarity with principles and techniques of electron microscopy and the working of an
electron microscope
3. Familiarity with importance of statistical methods in assessing data from patient material
and experimental studies
4. Understand the principles of molecular testing especially related to the disease processes
and theranostic applications in various diseases
5. Knowledge on immunofluorescence techniques especially in kidney and skin biopsies

Soft Skills:
1. Ability to design and implement a research project
2. Competency to interact with/counsel patients and relatives in a proper manner.

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 3. Fostering proper work culture
4. Ability work as a part of a team
5. Knowledge of principles of biomedical ethics

POSTING SCHEDULE:
1) Histopathology – 12 months
2) Autopsy - 3 months
3) Clinical pathology & Haematology -9 months
4) Cytopathology – 6 months
5) Blood Bank – 1 month
6) Biochemistry : - 15 days
7) MIcrobiology:- 15 days
8)Museum :- 15 days
9) Revision in all sections :- 31/2 months

TOTAL 36 months( 3years)

RECOMMENDED MINIMUM TEXT BOOKS AND JOURNALS
BOOKS:
1 Cotran, Kumar, Collins. Robin’s Pathologic Basis of Disease, published by
W.B. Saunders & Company.
2.Ivan Damjanov, James Linder. Anderson’s Pathology, published by C.V. Mosby
Company.
3. J. B. Walter, M.S. Israel. General Pathology, published by Churchill
Livingstone.
4. Emeritus W.ST. Symmers Systemic Pathology, published by
Churchill Livingstone.
5. Juan Rosai, Ackerman’s Surgical Pathology, published by C.V.
Mosby Company.
6. Leopold G Koss, Diagnostic cytology and its histopathologic basis
published by J.B. Lippincott Company.
7. Marluce Bibbo, Comprehensive cytopathology, published by W.B Saunders Company
8. Winnifred Grey, Diagnostic cytopathology, published by Churchill Livingstone
9. Orell, Sterrett- Walters and Whittaker, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
(Manual & Atlas), published by Churchill Livingstone
10.Greer J.P, Foerster J,Jukens J et. al Wintrobe’s Clinical Haematology, published by
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
11. Firkin F , Chesterman C, Penington D, de Gruchy’s Clinical Haematology in Medical
Practice, published by Blackwell Sciences
12. Henry J.B Clinical Diagnostics and Management by Laboratory Methods.
published by W.B. Saunders & Company.
13. Lewis S.M, Bain D.J, Bates I, Dacie & Lewis Practical Haematology published by Churchill
Livingstone.
14. Hoffbrand A.V, Catovsky D, Tuddenham G.D, Postgraduate Haematology – published by
Blackwell publishing
15 R.Anantnarayan , C.K.Paniker, Textbook of Microbiology , published by Orient
Longman.
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16. Harshmohan ,Textbook of pathology , published by Jaypee.
17. Parasitology ( Protozoology & Helminthology.) in relation to clinical medicine –
K.D.Chatterjee – published by Chatterjee Medical Publication.
18. Sudha R.Kini ,Colour Atlas of differential diagnosis in exfoliative and aspiration
cytopathology , published by Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
19. Praful B. Godkar ,Clinical Biochemistry – Principles & practice ,
published by Bhalani Publishing House, Bombay.
20. Theory & practice of Histological Techniques edited by John . D.Bancroftpublished by
Chruchill Livingstone.
21. Enzinger & Weiss, Soft Tissue Tumours, Published by B.I.Publications
(India.) C.V.Mosby company.
22. Elder D.E, Lever’s Histopathology of the skin – Published by J.B.Lippincott
Company.
23. Novak & Woodruff Edited, Novak’s Gyanaecologic and Obsteric Pathology,
published by – Kiaku Shoin/Saunders.
24. Christopher D.M. Fletcher, Diagnostic Histopathology of Tumours
Vol.1 & 2- published by Chruchill Livingstone.
25. Recent advances in Histopathology, Haematology, Blood coagulation etc.
26. AFIP, Atlas of tumour pathology.
27. Interpretation of Breast Biopsies - Carter
28. Day D.W, Jass J.R, Price A.B, Morson and Dawson’s Gastrointestinal
Patholgy, published by Blackwell publishing .
29. Ellison D, Love S, Chimelli L et. al, Neuropathology , published by Mosby
30. Epstein Prostate Biopsy Interpretation, published by Lippincott- Raven
31. Fogo A.B,Kashgarian M, Diagnostic Atlas of Renal Pathology, published by Elseiver
Saunders
32. Foster C.R, Pathology of the Urinary Bladder, published by Saunders
33. Fox H, Wells M ,Haines & Taylor - Obstetric and Gynaecological Pathology, published by
Chruchill Livingstone
34. Ioachim H.L,Lymphnode Pathology, published by Lippincott
35. Kilpatrick, Renner, Diagnostic Musculoskeletal Surgical Pathology, Clinicoradiologic &
cytologic correlations,published by Saunders
36. Kurman R.J, Blaustein’s pathology of the female genital tract, published by Springer
37. Leslie K.O ,Wick M.R, Practical pulmonary pathology; a Diagnostic approach, published by
Churchill Livingstone
38. MacSween, Butt, Portman et al,Pathology of the liver- published by Churchill
Livingstone
39. Mills S.E, Sternberg’s diagnostic surgical pathology, published by
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
40. Montgomery E.A, Biopsy interpretation of the Gastrointestinal Tract Mucosa, published by
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
41. Odze R.D, Surgical pathology of the GI Tract, Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas, published
by Saunders
42. Owen D, Pathology of the Gall Bladder , Biliary Tract, and Pancreas, published by Saunders
43. Pilch B.Z, Head and Neck surgical pathology, published
by Lippincott Williams and Wilkins

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44. Rosen P, Pathology of Breast, published by Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
45. Silverberg S.G, Atlas of Breast pathology, published by Saunders
46. Weedon ,Skin Pathology, published by Churchill Livingstone
47. Wickremsinghe, Blood and Bone marrow pathology, published by Churchill Livingstone
48. Atkinson B, Atlas of diagnostic pathology, published by Saunders
49. Cibas E.S, Cytology :Diagnostic principles and clinical correlates, published by Saunders
50. Geiinger, Modern cytopathology
51. Naib Z.M,Cytopathology, published by Little Brown and company
52. Meisels A, Morin C, Cytopathology of the uterine Cervix, published by ASCP Press
53.Miettinen M, Diagnostic soft tissue pathology, published by Churchill Livingstone
54. Chandler F.W, Pathologic diagnosis of fungal infection, published by ASCP Press
55. Collins R.D, Paediatric Haematopathology, published by Churchill Livingstone
56. Hoffman , Benz, Shattil ,Haematology :Basic principles and practice,published by Churchill
Livingstone
57. Naeim F, Atlas of bone marrow and blood pathology, published by W. B Saunders
58. Tkachuk D.C, Atlas of clinical haematology, published by Saunders
59. WHO Classification of tumours, published by IARC Press.
60. Mollison P.L, Blood transfusion in clinical medicine, published by Oxford, ELBS &
Blackwell Scientific Publication
61. Chitale A, Pathology of urinary & male genital system for urologists, general surgeons &
Pathologists published by B.I. Publications
62. Saran R.K., Transfusion medicine technical manual, published by WHO

JOURNALS:
1. British Journal of Haematology, published by Blackwell Sciences.
2. CANCER, International journal of American Cancer Society, published by John Wile & Sons
Inc.
3. Journal of Clinical Pathology, published by B.M.J.
4. Haematology / Oncology Clinics of North America, published by W.B. Saunders & Company.
5. American Journal of Surgical Pathology, published by Lippincott & Raven
6. Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology, published by IAPM.
7. Indian Journal of Cancer, published by Indian Cancer Society.
8. Indian Journal of Cytology, published by IAC.
9. LANCET published by Elsevier
10. I.C.M.R. Bulletin, published by ICMR
11. Histopathology , journal of the British Division of the International Academy of
Pathology-Published by Blackwell Science
12. Acta Cytologica, The Journal of Clinical Cytology and Cytopathology
13. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine-Published by American Medical
Association
14. Human Pathology- Published by W.B. Saunders & Company.
15. American Journal of Clinical Pathology published by ASCP
16. Indian Journal of Cytology
17. WHO Bulletin published by WHO
18. Indian Journal of Urology
19. Modern Pathology

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20. Indian journal of Leprosy published by Indian Leprosy Association
21. New England Journal of Medicine published by Massachusetts Medical Society

ADDITIONAL READINGS:
1. Compendium of recommendations of various committees on health and development (1943 to
1975) DGHS, 1985 Central Bureau of Health Intelligence, DGHS, Ministry of Health & Family
Welfare, Govt. of India, Nirman Bhavan, New Delhi-335.
2. National Health Policy, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Nirman Bhavan,
New Delhi-335. 1983.
3. ICMR, Policy, Statement of ethical considerations involved in research on Human subjects,
1982 ICMR, New Delhi.
4. Code of Medical Ethics framed under Section- 33 of Indian Medical Council Act , 1956 .
MCI, Kotla road, New Delhi.
5. Santosh Kumar, The elements of Research ,writing and editing 1994,Dept. of
Urology,JIPMER,Pondicherry
6. Srinivas D.K et al , Medical Education Principles and Practices,1995.National Teacher
Training Centres, JIPMER, Pondicherry
7. Francis C.M Medical Ethics, J.P.Publication, Banglore 1993
8. Indian National Science Academy, Guidelines for care and use of animals in scientific
research, New Delhi,1994
9. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, Uniform Requirements for
manuscripts submitted to biomedical journal. N. Engl J Med 1991;424-8
10.Kirkwood B.R. Essentials of Medical Statistics, 1st ed. Oxford Blackwell Scientific
Publications 1988
11.Mahajan B.K.Methods in Biostatistics for medical students,5th ed New Delhi, Jaypee Brothers
Medical Publishers,1989
12.Raveendran B. Gitanjali, A Practical Approach to PG dissertation, New Delhi.J.P
Publications 1998.

Student’s Record Book

M.D (Pathology)
DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY
Name of the Student :Dr.

Name of the Institute & Address:

ABOUT THE LOG BOOK:

The log book has been prepared to maintain a record of academic and service activities of
postgraduates and to provide an account of progress made by him/her. Maintenance of
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such log books will also allow a review of training programme and incorporation of
improvements in the programme. Postgraduates are required to carry the log book and get
the entries made regularly. Faculty is requested to countersign. Log books have to be
submitted to the head of the department before submitting the final examination form.
PERSONAL BIO-DATA
Name of the Student :
Date of joining :
Probable date of appearing for Examination :
Date of Birth :
M.B.B.S from :
Year of passing MBBS :
Name of the State Medical Council :
Registration No with date :
Permanent Address :
PIN : Phone No. : ( )
Local Guardian’s Address :
PIN Phone No. : ( )

POSTING SCHEDULE :
SECTION MONTH & YEAR
From… To…..

REMARKS
SIGNATURE OF SECTION I/C

Clinical Pathology Autopsy

Cytopathology Biochemistry
Haematology Serology
Blood Banking Museum
Histopathology

Revision in all sections

ATTENDANCE AT P.G. TEACHING SESSIONS:

Month & Year No. of Teaching No. of Teaching
Programmes Held Programmes attended

Remarks :
Signature of P.G. Teaching I/C

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PARTICIPATION IN P.G. TEACHING ACTIVITY

Subject Seminars Date Topic

presented

Remarks: Signature of faculty

Journal Articles Date Topic
presented

Remarks: Signature of faculty

Group discussion of Date Topic
clinical cases

Remarks: Signature of faculty

Slide Seminars Date Topic

presented/participated:

Remarks: Signature of faculty

SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS

CME/ Workshops attended :

No. Name of CME/ Dates
Workshop Held

No. Conferences attended Dates

Name of Conference Paper presented - Yes/No

If yes, title of paper Publications:
1.
2.
Awards:

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Dr.…………………………………… has completed the tenure

for M.D. satisfactorily.

P.G.Teacher Programme Incharge P.G.Teaching

Professor & Head

.
EVALUATION SYSTEM
A. DISSERTATION

a) Thesis / Dissertation is compulsory. Every candidate is required to carry out the work on a
selected research project under the guidance of a recognized post graduate teacher. The results of
such work shall be submitted in the form of a Dissertation.

b) The Dissertation is aimed at training the candidate in research methods and techniques. It
includes identification of a problem , formulation of a hypothesis , search and review of relevant
literature, getting acquaintance with recent advances, designing of research study , collection of
data, critical analysis of results and drawing conclusions.

c) The title of the topic along with the plan of work not exceeding 500 words in prescribed
proforma should be submitted to the University with the recommendation of guide through
proper channel within a period of 3 months from the date of registration for the postgraduate
course. There should not be an
overlap of topic, cases, material or the related data among the candidates within the department
during the period of actual Dissertation work. Prior approval by the local Ethical Committee is
essential .
Unless communicated otherwise within a period of 2 months from the date of receipt of plan of
work by University, it shall be assumed that topic of Dissertation is approved and no
communication is necessary in this regard. The last date for submission will not be extended
without prior permission from the University. In case of delay in submission of topic of
Dissertation and plan of work, the period of training of the candidate will be proportionately
extended for which the entire responsibility shall be upon the candidate .

d) The volume of the Dissertation should be reasonable and may vary depending on the topic.
The bibliography should be as per Vancouver system.

e) Four copies of the Dissertation complete in all respect certified by the guide should be
submitted to the University through proper channel 6 months before the final examinations to the
registrar. (evaluation)

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f) The identity of the candidate/ teacher/ Department /College / Place should not be disclosed in
the Dissertation. Acknowledgement should not be included in the Dissertation.

g) Certificates issued by guide, countersigned by Head of the Department and the Dean
certifying, therein that the work done by the candidate has been carried out under the
supervision of the guide to his/her entire satisfaction, should be submitted separately to the
University.

h) Dissertation approval is a prerequisite for appearing at the University exam. In case the
Dissertation, is not accepted, the same shall be communicated to the candidate along with
reasons for rejection at least 2 months prior to the commencement of theory exam.

i) The candidate may make necessary corrections and resubmit the Dissertation at least 1 month
prior to the commencement of theory exam.

B. LOG BOOK (Work diary)

The postgraduate students should include all their activites in the log book. The annual
assessment based on the work diary shall be done by the guide, teacher in charge of postgraduate
teaching programme and HOD.

C. COURSES
Course - I General Pathology (MDPA1)
CO1: Understand response of cells/tissue to various injurious agents
CO2: Understand the basis of differentiation between benign and malignant tumours
CO3: Identify different infectious organisms and their tissue reactions
CO4: Relevance of genetic basis of diseases
CO5: Understand causes and pathogenesis of disease

BASIC SCIENCES
Anatomy/histology of all structures in human body/organs
- Physiology and biochemistry-Basic aspects of various metabolism and functioning of
endocrines
- Genetics-Fundamental / applied aspects
- Biostatistics
- Biomedical ethics-ethical issues related to Medical practice and research

Course - II Haematology, Clinical Pathology, Cytology and Transfusion Medicine(MDPA2)

CO1: Planning of tests, interpretation and diagnosis of haematological diseases
CO2: Knowledge of automation and quality assurance in Haematology
CO3: Possess the knowledge necessary for the evaluation and reporting of cytopathology
specimens along with ability to independently perform fine needle aspiration of palpable
superficial lumps in patients and make good quality smears
CO4: Have reasonable working knowledge of blood banking
CO5: Knowledge of principles of all clinical pathology tests and significance of altered values
and interpretation

MD Pathology Page 14
 Planning of tests, interpretation and diagnosis of haematological diseases
Knowledge of automation and quality assurance in Haematology
Possess the knowledge necessary for the evaluation and reporting of cytopathology
specimens along with ability to independently perform fine needle aspiration of palpable
superficial lumps in patients and make good quality smears
Diagnosis based on peripheral smears
Have reasonable working knowledge of blood banking
Knowledge about transfusion reactions
Knowledge about frozen section and its staining techniques
Knowledge of principles of all clinical pathology tests and significance of altered
values and interpretation

Course - III Systemic Pathology (MDPA3)

CO1: Be able to identify, and systematically and accurately describe the chief gross anatomic
alterations in the surgically removed specimens and take appropriate tissue sections
CO2: Be able to correctly diagnose majority of the cases in routine reporting
CO3: Knowledge of tissue-processing and understanding of the principles of automatic tissue-
processing machine
CO4: Be aware of the technique of autopsy and have sufficient understanding of various disease
processes, so that a meaningful clinico-pathological correlation can be made
Be able to identify, and systematically and accurately describe the chief gross
anatomic alterations in the surgically removed specimens and take appropriate
tissue sections
Clinical correlation of the pathology findings and the symptoms of the patient in
reaching the diagnosis of the patient
Different staining methods used
Be able to correctly diagnose majority of the cases in routine reporting
Knowledge of tissue-processing and understanding of the principles of automatic
tissue-processing machine
Be aware of the technique of autopsy and have sufficient understanding of various disease
processes, so that a meaningful clinico-pathological correlation can be made.

Course - IV Recent Advances in Pathology (MDPA4)

CO1: Familiarity with the principles, procedures and interpretation of various
immunohistochemical stains
CO2: Familiarity with principles and techniques of electron microscopy and the working of an
electron microscope
CO3: Familiarity with importance of statistical methods in assessing data from patient material
and experimental studies
CO4: Understand the principles of molecular testing especially related to the disease processes
and theranostic applications in various diseases
CO5: Knowledge on immunofluorescence techniques especially in kidney and skin biopsies

Familiarity with the principles, procedures and interpretation of various

immunohistochemical stains

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 Familiarity with principles and techniques of electron microscopy and the working
of an electron microscope
Familiarity with importance of statistical methods in assessing data from patient material
and experimental studies
Understand the principles of molecular testing especially related to the disease
processes and theranostic applications in various diseases
Knowledge on immunofluorescence techniques especially in kidney and skin biopsies

Course V Soft Skills (MDPA5) - Elective Course

CO1: Ability to design and implement a research project.
CO2: Competency to interact with/counsel patients and relatives in a proper manner.
CO3: Fostering proper work culture.
CO4: Ability work as a part of a team.
CO5: Knowledge of principles of biomedical ethics.

D. UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION
The university examination will comprise of theory and practical. To be eligible to be declared as
successful in the PG Degree examination it is compulsory for the candidate to pass in theory and
practical examination separately in the same attempt.

a)Theory examination:

There shall be four question papers, each of three hours duration. Each paper will be of 100
marks. Minimum passing percentage is 50%
Paper I- General Pathology
Paper II- Haematology, Clinical pathology, Cytology & Transfusion Medicine, .
Paper III- Systemic Pathology
Paper IV- Recent Advances in Pathology

Each paper will consist of

2 LAQs of 20 marks each - 40
6 SAQs of 10 marks each – 60

Total 100 marks

Marking Pattern for Theory Examination

Marks for individual Paper
question
Q1 LAQ1 20 marks
Q2 LAQ2 20 marks
Q3 –Q8- 6 SN 10 marks each

Minimum passing marks 200

Total Marks 400

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The candidate should score minimum 200 out of total 400 marks in theory i.e 50%

b) Practical Examination Duration – 3 days

DAY 1 :
i) Clinical case will include Total 75 marks
- urine examination - 20
- haemogram - 20
- special haematology test-1 – 20
- case discussion – 15

ii) Reconstructed autopsy - 20 marks

iii) Gross/ Morbid Anatomy - 30 marks

iv) Haematology and Cytology 15 slides - 75 marks

(8 & 7 slides respectively, five minutes duration for each slide.)

DAY 2 :
i) Histopathology slides- 25 slides- 125 marks
(the candidate should be assessed so as to evaluate performance in
identifying common as well as rare lesions).Five minutes duration for each slide.

ii) Histopathological Techniques 20 marks

1) Block cutting
2) Staining- H & E & Pap
3) Special stain- 1

DAY 3
i) Teaching : 15 marks
ii) Viva Voce :- 40 marks
Student will be examined by all the examiners together, about students’ subject knowledge,
comprehension, analytical approach, expression and interpretation of data, and will include
discussion related to dissertation.

Marking scheme for practical examination

Sr. No. Exercises Maximum marks
1 Histopathology slides 125
2 Clinical case 75
3 Haematology & Cytology slides 75
4 Grossing 30
5 Structured Autopsy 20

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6 Histotechniques 20
7 Teaching 15
8 Viva Voice 40

Total marks 400

Final marking scheme for MD examination in Pathology

Heads of Passing ‘Max Marks’ Min marks for passing

Theory 400 200
Practical and viva voce 400 200

MODEL QUESTION PAPERS

Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences ,Kochi

MD PATHOLOGY
Time 3 hours Max.Marks:100

PAPER I GENERAL PATHOLOGY

Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.

Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
Answer all questions.

LONG ESSAY 2X20= 40 Marks

1. Discuss the role of endothelium in health and disease.

2. Discuss the molecular basis of carcinogenesis.

SHORT ESSAY 6x10=60 marks

3. Role of oxygen free radicals in disease

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4. Etiopathogenisis of amyloidosis

5. Pathogenesis of pathological calcification

6. Mechanism of immunological tolerance

7. Pathogenesis of disorders caused by smoking

8. Hypercoagulability

***********

Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences , Kochi

MD PATHOLOGY

Time 3 hours Max Marks:100

PAPER II HAEMATOLOGY, CLINICAL PATHOLOGY,CYTOLOGY AND

TRANSFUSION MEDICINE

Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.

Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
Answer all questions.

LONG ESSAY 2X20=40Marks

1. Discuss the role of bone marrow biopsy in the diagnosis of haematological disorders.

2. Discuss the role of FNAC in soft tissue tumours.

SHORT ESSAY 6X10=60 Marks

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 3. Diagnosis of primary and secondary lymphomatous effusions

4. Utility of cytospin in clinical laboratory

5. Molecular pathogenesis & morphology of myeloproliferative disorders

6. Thin prep cytology

7. Role of urinary sediment examination.

8. Blood Transfusion Reactions

***** *****

Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi

MD PATHOLOGY
Time: 3 hours Max.Marks:100 Marks

PAPER III SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY

Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labelled diagrams, wherever necessary
Answer all questions

LONG ESSAY 2X20=40 Marks

1. Discuss the pathogenesis and pathology of Crohn's disease.

2. Discuss the differential diagnosis of granulomatous lesions in the liver.

SHORT ESSAY 6X10=60 Marks

3. Nephroblastoma

4. Endometrial carcinoma

5. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor

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 6. Male infertility diagnosis

7. Primary pulmonary hypertension.

8. WHO Classification of NHL with a brief note on ALCL

Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi

MD PATHOLOGY
Time: Three Hours Max:100 Marks

PAPER IV RECENT ADVANCES IN PATHOLOGY

Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
Answer all questions.

LONG ESSAY 2X20=40Marks

1. Discuss the Recent advances in the histopathology and molecular pathology

of carcinoma of the endometrium

2. Discuss the molecular diagnosis of small round blue tumours of childhood

SHORT ESSAY 6X10=60 Marks

3. Methods of detection of Apoptosis in tissues

4. Post transplantation Lymphoproliferative disease.

5. Papillary Carcinoma Thyroid, variants

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 6. Extra renal Rhabdoid tumour

7. Prognostic factors in Breast Carcinoma

8. Current methods of Chromosomal analysis.

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