Prepared by Abid Khan Email abidkhanka@hotmail.
com
What’s app No +923333749602 Email abidkhanka@gmail.com
GMDSS
Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
What will you do on a false activation alert of EPIRB? And where will you find
the information to contact MRCC (Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre)?
1- Turn of the EPIRB immediately to stop further transmission,
2- Contact the nearest CES (Coast Earth Station) or RCC (Rescue
Coordination Centre) and cancel the distress alert.
3- The information regarding MRCC can be found in ALRS volume 1 and 5.
1 Cancelling through Inmarsat C Notify the relevant RCC to cancel the alert by
sending a distress priority message via the same CES (Coast Earth Station)
through which the false distress alert was sent.
Example message
NAME, CALL SIGN, MMSI NUMBER,
POSITION,
Alert of DATE, TIME UTC
2 Cancellation by VHF
1. Switch off transmitter immediately.
2. Switch equipment on and set to Channel 16.
3. Make broadcast to "All Stations" giving the ship's name, call sign and
DSC number, and cancel the false distress alert.
Example message
All Stations, All Stations, All Stations
This is Ship name
Call sign/MMSI/Position
Date and time in UTC
Cancel my false relevant Alert
3 Cancellation by MF
1. Switch off equipment immediately
2. Switch equipment on and tune for radiotelephony transmission on 2,182
kHz; and
3. Make broadcast to "All Stations" giving the ship's name, call sign and
DSC number, and cancel the false distress alert.
1
Prepared by Abid Khan Email abidkhanka@hotmail.com
What’s app No +923333749602 Email abidkhanka@gmail.com
Example message
All Stations All Stations All Stations
This is Ship name
Call Sign/MMSI/ Position
DATE, TIME UTC
Cancel my false relevant Alert
Cancellation by HF
HF alert must be cancelled on all the frequency bands on which it was
transmitted. The transmitter should be tuned consecutively to the
radiotelephony distress frequencies in the 4, 6, 8, 12 and 16 MHz bands, as
necessary.
Example message
All Stations All Stations All Stations
This is Ship name
Call Sign/MMSI/ Position
DATE, TIME UTC
Cancel my false relevant Alert
What are the entries to be made in the GMDSS log Book?
There are three parts of The GMDSS logbook part A, B and C
Part A
Details of ship (ship particulars)
Part B
Details of certified personals for radio communications and person in charge
for handling emergencies situation communications.
Part C
1-- Daily record of ships position at least once a day.
2-- Communication carried out regarding Safety Urgency and Distress.
3-- General communication.
4-- Malfunctions break downs and Maintenance.
2
Prepared by Abid Khan Email abidkhanka@hotmail.com
What’s app No +923333749602 Email abidkhanka@gmail.com
What do you do after finishing of the GMDSS logbook?
After finishing of the GMDSS logbook it should be kept safe for a period of 2
years on board the ship (Record can be stored as soft or hard copies)
What are the daily, weekly and monthly tests carried out on the GMDSS
Equipment’s?
Daily Test
1- Visual inspection.
2- VHF/MF/HF daily self-test as per manufacturer.
3- On load offload batteries test.
4- Check all printers and papers.
Weekly Test
1> Self-diagnosis test of Navtex
2> DSC call to a coast station it has to be acknowledge by the coast station
details to be log down prints to be carried out
3> If reserve batteries are not available it should be checked on emergency
generator at least for three minutes.
Monthly Test
1-- SART and EPIRB to be checked as per manufacturer instructions.
2-- Survival craft two-way VHF to be checked on frequencies other than
channel sixteen.
3-- Batteries to be checked.
4-- Antennas to be physically checked.
5-- Performance test of Inmarsat –C with a coast station.
What is the GMDSS equipment you have on-board?
1. Survival Craft two way VHF normal VHF.
2. MF/HF Radio.
3. Inmarsat-c.
4. EPIRB 406 MHZ.
5. SART 9GHZ.
6. NAVTEX 518 kHz international and 490 kHz national.
3
Prepared by Abid Khan Email abidkhanka@hotmail.com
What’s app No +923333749602 Email abidkhanka@gmail.com
How to send a distress alert by VHF/MF/HF and Inmarsat-C?
For VHF/MF/HF there are two methods 1 designated 2 undesignated
1) Undesignated ship position ID will be sent automatically (Press and hold
the distress button for 5 to 6 seconds if there are two buttons press
both) after the transmission there will be a beep sound and visual
indication.
2) Designated go menu select the desired option
(Distress/Safety/Urgency/Routine) after selecting the desired option
press and hold the distress button for 5 to 6 seconds the required
distress alert will be sent with the ship name ID nature of distress. Now
go to the receiving transmission for voice communication.
Channels VHF DSC 70 RT 16
Channels MF DSC 2187.5 kHz RT 2182 kHz
Channels HF DSC 8414 kHz RT 8291 kHz
Note HF DSC and RT have different frequencies from 4 MHz to 6, 8, 12, and 16
MHz any one can be selected as required
Inmarsat-C there are three methods 1 undesignated 2 designated 3 distress
priority
1-- Undesignated Lift the cover from distress button press and hold for 5 to
6 seconds
2-- Designated Go to transmit mode select distress select nature of distress
select the CES (coast earth station) check date and time now press and
hold the distress button for 5 to 6 seconds an alarm and light will
indicate that the distress alert has been sent
3-- Distress priority Go to file select new telex compose a message (type the
relevant message) now transmit select the priority select the LES (land
earth station) and send the message
How do you know the other vessel is in distress?
1- By receiving DSC (digital selective calling) distress alert
2- By receiving DSC distress message distress relay message
3- By distress signals (rule 37 distress signals)
4
Prepared by Abid Khan Email abidkhanka@hotmail.com
What’s app No +923333749602 Email abidkhanka@gmail.com
Annex 4 Distress signals COLREG
1-- Gun or other explosive fired at intervals of one minute
2-- Continuous sounding with other fog signaling apparatus
3-- Rockets or shells throwing red stars fired one at a time at a short interval
4-- Signal made by any signaling method consisting of group three short
taps followed by three long taps, and then three short taps again SOS
Morse code
5-- Signal sent by radio telephony consisting of word MAYDAY
6-- International code signal flag NC (November above Charley Below)
7-- Signal consisting of square flag having ball above or below
8-- Flame on the vessel
9-- Rocket parachute flare or hand flare showing red light
10-- Orange color smoke signal
11-- Raising and lowering arms outstretched slowly and repeatedly
12-- Distress alert by means of DSC calling on VHF/MF/HF
13-- Alert by SAT C
14-- Alert by EPIRB
15-- Alert by SART
What is your action after receiving distress alert by VHF/MF?
1- Log down the details and inform the master immediately.
2- Set a watch on channel 16 and 2182.
3- Plot the positions of both vessels (own and distress).
4- Plot a rough passage to the distress vessel and calculate the speed and
ETA.
5- The details to be given to the master and follow his instructions.
5
Prepared by Abid Khan Email abidkhanka@hotmail.com
What’s app No +923333749602 Email abidkhanka@gmail.com
What do you do when MRCC (Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre) informs
you that your EPIRB is activated?
1- Physically check the EPIRB if activated or not and confirm.
2- Inform the master.
3- If activated reset the EPIRB to stop further transmission.
4- Prepare a cancelation message on Inmarsat-C and send it to the same
MRCC by which you were informed.
As a GMDSS operator what are your duties?
1-- Maintain the GMDSS watch.
2-- Maintenance of the GMDSS equipment.
3-- The frequencies to be monitored.
4-- Maintain the GMDSS logbook entries.
5-- Tests to be carried out on the equipment.
6-- Ability to respond to the Distress/Safety/Urgency/Routine
Communication.
What does the CIRM stands for?
Stands for Centro Internazionale Radio Medico is the international Radio
medical Centre situated in Rome the purpose of this organization is to provide
medical advice to the ships. Contact details are posted on the bridge Hospital
master cabin and ALRS volume one.
How do you take medical advice?
1) I will refer the International Medical Guide for Ships.
2) Check the symptoms before treatment and follow the instruction given in
the guide.
3) In case of doubt I will seek the radio medical advice.
4) Contact details of CIRM are given in the ALRS volume one.
5) Before contacting the CIRM I will fill the forms behind the International
Medical Guide for Ships the form consists of there are four forms
I. Ships master report.
II. Ship ID and Navigational Status.
III. Patient health status.
IV. Primary physician reports.
6) Now I will prepare a medical urgency message via SA-C by selecting the
routine priority select the LES (land earth station) and enter the sac code 38
and send the message.
6
Prepared by Abid Khan Email abidkhanka@hotmail.com
What’s app No +923333749602 Email abidkhanka@gmail.com
Special Access Codes (SAC)
1- 32 Medical Advices
2- 38 Medical Assistance
3- 39 Maritime Assistance
4- 41 Meteorological Reports
5- 42 Navigational Hazard and warnings
6- 43 Ship position reports
What is on scene coordinator? What are the duties of on scene coordinator?
It is the person in charge of SAR operations he is the first person to arrive at
distress position.
1- He should establish 2 or more parties for the operation.
2- Receive the plan from mission coordinator modify the plan to the prevailing
conditions.
3- Inform the Mission coordinator about the modification of the plan.
4- Implement the plan until the operation ends.
5- Log down the whole operation in the GMDSS logbook communication
timings etc.
What is distress relay? And reason to relay distress?
Sending a distress alert on behalf of another vessel who is in distress and is
unable to send the distress itself.
Reasons
1-- The vessel in distress cannot send the alert it self
2-- So the distress vessel can get the help as soon as possible.
3-- On receiving distress alert or call which is not acknowledge by coast
station or another vessel within five minutes.
What is mandatory reporting as per SOLAS?
SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea) Chapter V, Regulation 28 requires ships of 500
gross tonnages and above, engaged on international voyages exceeding 48
hours, to submit a daily report to their company, including:
7
Prepared by Abid Khan Email abidkhanka@hotmail.com
What’s app No +923333749602 Email abidkhanka@gmail.com
1-- Ship's position (latitude and longitude)
2-- Ship's course and speed.
3-- Details of any external or internal conditions that are affecting the ship's
voyage.
What is danger reporting as per SOLAS?
SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea) Chapter V, Regulation 31,
Specifically, the master of a ship is required to report the following information
to ships in the vicinity, coastal authorities rescue coordination centers.
1-- Dangerous ice.
2-- A dangerous derelict (an abandoned or drifting vessel that poses a
hazard to navigation)
3-- Any other direct danger to navigation (such as rocks, reefs, or other
hazards)
4-- A tropical storm (a storm with sustained winds of 64 knots or higher)
5-- Encounters with sub-freezing air temperatures and gale force winds that
cause severe ice accretion on superstructures (heavy ice buildup on the
ship's structures)
6-- Winds of force 10 or above on the Beaufort scale (sustained winds of 64
knots or higher) for which no storm warning has been received.
What is voluntary reporting?
1-- AMVER (Automated Mutual Assistance Vessel Rescue): A global
voluntary reporting system sponsored by the US Coast Guard, where
vessels report their position, course, and speed every 48 hours until
arrival.
2-- MASTREP (Modernized Australian Ship Tracking and Reporting System):
A ship reporting system operated by the Australian Maritime Safety
Authority (AMSA) to contribute to safety of life at sea.
3-- JASREP (Japanese Ship Reporting System): A reporting system used in
Japanese waters to coordinate search and rescue efforts and other
distress situations.
AMVER is the voluntary reporting system, while MASTREP and JASREP are
mandatory reporting systems.
8
Prepared by Abid Khan Email abidkhanka@hotmail.com
What’s app No +923333749602 Email abidkhanka@gmail.com
What is noon report and what are the contents of noon reports?
A noon report is a data sheet prepared by the ship’s chief engineer on a daily
basis (normally 2nd officer) assists the chief engineer in providing the required
data, which are used to complete the noon report.
1- Ship Name, voyage number, date, and time of the report.
2- Position of the ship.
3- Average Speed since last noon report.
4- Average RPM of the engines.
5- Direction and Force of Wind.
6- General Sea and Swell Conditions at the time of preparing noon report.
7- Distance to Next Destination Port.
8- Estimated time of Arrival (ETA) to the next Port of Call.
9- ROB (Remaining Onboard) prepared by Chief Engineer onboard to keep
track of fuel oil/ lube oil/Fresh water on the ship in matric tones.
Use of Noon Report
1-- Analyze fuel and lube oil consumption on daily basis.
2-- Total weigh of cargo onboard.
3-- Total distances covered from last port and total remaining distance to
destination.
4-- Total times taken during the voyage.
5-- To order fuel oil lube oil and fresh water.
6-- To calculate Energy Efficiency Index (EEI).
This report is sent to the company by master in the noon time to analyze the
vessel overall performance.
Flow chart of EPIRB
1 EPIRB 406MHZ and 121.5MHZ -----COSPAS-SARSAT-----LUT
(Local User Terminal) adds the position-----MCC (Mission Control Centre) ads
ships ID ----MRCC (Maritime Rescue Coordinating Centre)
How do you carry out a test call with CRS (Coast Radio Station) what is your
action if they do not acknowledge?
This test should be carried out every week
9
Prepared by Abid Khan Email abidkhanka@hotmail.com
What’s app No +923333749602 Email abidkhanka@gmail.com
1- First Check the MMSI (Maritime Mobile Service Identity) number of
Coast radio station from ALRS (Admiralty List of Radio Signals) volume 1
or 5.
2- Go to menu of VHF/MF/HF and transmit a message under safety option
test call enter the MMSI (Maritime Mobile Service Identity) of the
station set the required frequency Based on the Area A1 A2 A3 or A4.
3- During day time high frequency during night time low frequency.
4- After getting the acknowledgement take out the print and log down the
details. And sign the page.
5- If not acknowledged change the frequency test the equipment with
another ship to make sure it is working properly and log down the
details.
6- The test should be made in options individual and under safety options
otherwise test options will not appear in other options.
What is a navigational warning?
Navigational warnings are designed to give mariners information’s of
important incident which may cause danger to navigation. The world
navigational areas are divided into 21 NAVAREAs
1> The limits of NAVAREA coordinator and transmitting stations are given in
the ALRS (Admiralty List of Radio Signals) volume 3
2> Navigational warnings are broadcasted on safety net and also broad cast
on NAVTEX stations.
How do you receive a radio navigational warning?
There are three types of navigational warnings.
1-- NAVAREA warnings
2-- Coastal warnings
3-- Local warnings.
*Coastal and local warnings are received through NAVTEX.
*International warnings are received through the Inmarsat-C safety net SAT-C
should be configured as EGC safety net messages.
Selecting NAVAREA in SAT-C go to options----Configuration---EGC---Add
NAVAREAs.
10
Prepared by Abid Khan Email abidkhanka@hotmail.com
What’s app No +923333749602 Email abidkhanka@gmail.com
Actions upon receiving Navigational warning.
1) Plot the position of warning check either in route or not or cancelled.
2) If in route inform the master and follow the instruction.
3) Amend the passage as instructed.
Where do you log down the details of a distress alert?
There are three parts in GMDSS logbook part A, B & C.
The alert should be noted down in part C.
How do you do the on load and offload and daily test on the GMDSS
equipment?
1- On Load
I. Turn off the battery charger.
II. Turn off the main power supply to the GMDSS equipment.
III. Now connect the equipment to the batteries.
IV. Turn on the equipment and check the current drop on different
use (in standby mode voltage will not drop while transmitting and
receiving the voltage will drop a little. It should not drop more
than 1.5v.
2- OFF load
I. Turn off the batteries charger
II. Turn off the main power and connect the equipment to the main
power.
III. Now turn on the main power.
3- Daily Self-test it is an internal function in the equipment which diagnosis
the proper functionality of the equipment and does not send an alert
while diagnosing.
Go to menu ----Self-test----DSC----report will display after completing
the process.
What are the tests you do on the reserved batteries?
1> Terminal connections.
2> Electrolyte level (water +sulfuric Acid).
3> Specific gravity test with Hydrometer.
11
Prepared by Abid Khan Email abidkhanka@hotmail.com
What’s app No +923333749602 Email abidkhanka@gmail.com
4> Daily on load off load test.
5> Yearly capacity test.
How to find malfunctions of GMDSS equipment?
By running the self-diagnosis test.
Who are the SAR coordinators?
The top level managers are the coordinators they coordinate SAR training and
develop SAR policies they establish RCC (Rescue Coordinator Centers) and sub
centers they also arrange SAR facilities every state must have a SAR
coordinator.
How is SAR mission coordinator designated within the RCC (Rescue
Coordinator Centers)?
SAR operations are carried out under the SAR mission coordinator.
1# Gather information about distress situations.
2# Develop accurate and workable SAR action plans.
3# Dispatch and coordinate the resources to carry out SAR missions.
What are the contents of IAMSAR manual? Is it a SOLAS regulation?
IAMSAR (International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue)
There are three volumes
Volume I. Organization and Management
Volume II. Mission Co-ordination
Volume III. Mobile Facilities
It is SOLAS regulation to carryout volume III hard copy onboard.
Contents
1= Duties of on scene coordinator.
2= Duties of SAR mission coordinator.
3= Duties of SAR coordinator.
4= Search Patterns.
5= SAR facilities.
12
Prepared by Abid Khan Email abidkhanka@hotmail.com
What’s app No +923333749602 Email abidkhanka@gmail.com
6= Medical evacuation.
7= MOB (Man over Board) actions.
8= Rescue methods.
9= Duties of ship master and crew.
What are the SAR phases?
1-- Wide area assessment.
2-- Sector assessment.
3-- Primary search and rescue.
4-- Secondary search and rescue.
5-- Full coverage search and rescue.
Types of search patterns in IAMSAR manual volume III?
There are five major types of search patterns.
1- Expanding square search to be done when the search object is in
relatively close range, commencing starts at datum position.
2- Sector search this pattern is followed when the position of search object
is accurately known and search area is small this pattern is used in
circular areas.
13
Prepared by Abid Khan Email abidkhanka@hotmail.com
What’s app No +923333749602 Email abidkhanka@gmail.com
3- Parallel Sweep search this pattern is used for large areas and when the
search object location is unknown.
4- Creeping line search the search pattern is similar to parallel sweep
search but it is done with help of an aircraft the parallel part is done by
the aircraft while the vessel steams at the center of the parallel search.
5- Track Line search this pattern is followed when the vessel or air craft is
lost without a trace. The search is done along the intended route of the
disappeared vessel or aircraft.
14
Prepared by Abid Khan Email abidkhanka@hotmail.com
What’s app No +923333749602 Email abidkhanka@gmail.com
Explain the GMDSS sea areas?
There are four sea areas A1, A2, A3 and A4.
1-- Sea Area A1: This is the area closest to shore, typically within 20-30 nautical
miles. It's covered by VHF coast stations that provide Digital Selective
Calling (DSC) and radiotelephone (RT) services on VHF Channel 16 (156.525
MHz). Ships in this area only need a VHF radio with DSC capability.
2-- Sea Area A2: This area extends further offshore than A1, typically up to 150
nautical miles during the day and 180 nautical miles at night. It's covered by
MF coast stations offering DSC and RT on 2187.5 kHz. Ships in this area
need both a VHF radio with DSC and an MF radio with DSC.
3-- Sea Area A3: This area covers most of the open ocean, from the edge of A2
out to about 70 degrees north and south latitude. It relies on geostationary
Inmarsat satellites for communication. Ships in A3 require a VHF radio with
DSC, plus either an MF/HF radio or an Inmarsat terminal.
4-- Area A4 area outside of A1 A2 A3 the Polar Regions North and South of 76
degrees.
What are the 9 GMDSS functional requirements?
1-- Ship-to-shore distress alerts by at two independent means.
2-- Shore-to-ship distress alerts.
3-- Ship-to-ship distress alerts.
4-- SAR communications.
5-- On-scene communications.
6-- Signals for locating.
7-- Maritime Safety Information (MSI) communication.
8-- General radio communications with shore-based radio systems.
9-- Bridge to bridge communication.
What are the GMDSS watch keeping requirements?
1> VHF channel 16 and DSC channel 70 to monitor all the time.
2> MF DSC channel 2187.5 kHz to monitor all the time.
3> HF DSC channels to be monitor all the time frequencies at least two
frequencies are to be monitored.
15
Prepared by Abid Khan Email abidkhanka@hotmail.com
What’s app No +923333749602 Email abidkhanka@gmail.com
4> SAT-C for EGC (Enhanced Group Call) and shore to ship distress.
5> NAVTEX 518 kHz receivers.
6> Transmission and receiving of MSI (Maritime Safety Information).
7> HF telex.
What is an EPIRB?
1- EPIRB (Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon).
2- Helps to indicate the position of survivors during SAR (Search and
Rescue) operation.
3- EPIRB indicates that one or more persons are in distress they may no
longer be on board vessel or aircraft and does not have receiving
facilities anymore.
4- Frequencies are 406MHZ 121.5MHZ homing frequency (homing
frequency is used for SAR operations to locate the position).
5- Working time 48 hours.
How do you test the EPIRB?
1-- EPIRB should be tested and checked every month.
2-- Remove the EPIRB from the casing or bracket.
3-- Press and release the Test button a red light will flash once.
4-- After 60 seconds the EPIRB will switch off automatically.
5-- It should be checked for physical damage.
6-- Batteries and HRU (Hydrostatic Release Unit) valid expiry dates to be
checked
7-- Lanyard is not attached to ship.
8-- Sensors are clean.
What is SART?
1~ SART (Search and Rescue Transponder).
2~ Working frequency is 9 GHz.
3~ Indicates the position of survival craft or distress vessel.
4~ Should be mounted as high possible at least 1 meter.
5~ Working hours 8 active mode (96 hours standby mode).
6~ Range 8 to 12 nautical miles.
How do you test the SART?
1. SART to be test every Month,
2. Inform the vessels in 12 nautical miles range,
16
Prepared by Abid Khan Email abidkhanka@hotmail.com
What’s app No +923333749602 Email abidkhanka@gmail.com
3. Remove the SART from bracket and go to the bridge wing,
4. Switch on the test mode it will give a beep a light will flash too now
place the SART in the wing and go to the X Band radar.
5. Observe radar display concentric circles should be displayed on the
screen.
6. SART should be checked for physical damage and the brackets in which it
is stored.
7. The telescopic pole to be checked.
8. Lanyard not attached to ship.
9. Batteries valid expiry date.
VHF important frequencies and information
1) DSC channel 70 for distress routine urgency and safety announcements
2) Channel 16 voice distress safety urgency and routine
3) Channel 6 SAR operations
4) Channel 13 Safety of navigation
5) Channel 15 and 17 onboard communication
6) Direct waves of transmission (line of sight)
7) Range 30 nautical miles
8) Simplex those channels which sends and receive the transmission on one
frequency in one channel.
9) Duplex those channels which sends and receive transmission on
different frequencies in one channel
10) High power 25 watt and low power 1 watt
MF important frequencies and information
1. DSC frequency 2187.5 kHz for distress urgency and safety
announcements
2. Radiotelephony voice transmission 2182 kHz
3. Telex frequency 2174.5 kHz
4. 2177 kHz International MF DSC receiving frequency for ship-to-ship
communication, the initial contact is made through this frequency after
making contact with other ship the user should switch to standard
working frequency.
5. Routine communication 2045 kHz and 2048 kHz
6. Ground wave propagation
7. Range 150 nautical miles.
17
Prepared by Abid Khan Email abidkhanka@hotmail.com
What’s app No +923333749602 Email abidkhanka@gmail.com
HF important frequencies and information
1) The frequencies are to 4 6 8 12 and 16 MHz
2) DSC frequencies 8414.5 kHz 4207.5 kHz 6312.0 kHz 12577.0 kHz 16804.5
kHz.
3) Sky wave propagation.
Inmarsat-C Information
The Inmarsat-C system consists of two major components.
1= Space segment has four geo stationary satellite with backup satellite
available the four satellite are given below.
i. AOR-E (Atlantic Ocean Region East).
ii. AOR-W (Atlantic Ocean Region West).
iii. POR (Pacific Ocean Region).
iv. IOR (Indian Ocean Region).
2= Ground segment has two parts.
i. CES (Coast Earth Station) provides the link between the satellites.
ii. NCS (Network Coordination Stations) a fixed land station in the Inmarsat
satellite communications system, which controls channel assignments
and provides the network management functions for each of the four
satellite Oceans Regions.
Functions
1- Sat-C does not provide voice communication.
2- It sends test data and emails.
3- Provides worldwide services.
4- Identification Numbers Nine Digits.
5- Store and forward data transferring method.
NAVTEX
NAVTEX stands for Navigational Telex. It's an international system that
broadcasts important safety information to ships at sea. NAVTEX transmits
navigational warnings, weather forecasts, and urgent maritime safety
18
Prepared by Abid Khan Email abidkhanka@hotmail.com
What’s app No +923333749602 Email abidkhanka@gmail.com
information. Ships are equipped with NAVTEX receivers that automatically
pick up these broadcasts.
1= Frequencies are 518 kHz International 490 kHz National.
2= There are 21 NAV areas in the world.
3= Range 400 nautical miles.
4= It transmits every 10minutes every four hours.
Mandatory messages
1.* A Navigational warning,
2.* B Meteorological warnings,
3.* D Search and rescue information, and pirate attack warnings,
Optional messages
Other than A, B, D all messages are optional messages,
1.* C ice reports,
2.* E meteorological forecast,
3.* F pilot services and VTS messages,
19
