History of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence is not a new word and not a new technology for researchers.
This technology is much older than you would imagine. Even there are the myths of Mechanical men
in Ancient Greek and Egyptian Myths. Following are some milestones in the history of AI which
defines the journey from the AI generation to till date development.
Maturation of Artificial Intelligence (1943-1952)
Between 1943 and 1952, there was notable progress in the expansion of artificial intelligence (AI).
Throughout this period, AI transitioned from a mere concept to tangible experiments and practical
applications. Here are some key events that happened during this period:
Year 1943: The first work which is now recognized as AI was done by Warren McCulloch and Walter
Pitts in 1943.
They proposed a model of artificial neurons.
Year 1949: Donald Hebb demonstrated an updating rule for modifying the connection strength
between neurons.
His rule is now called Hebbian learning.
Year 1950: Alan Turing, an English mathematician, pioneered Machine Learning in 1950.
He published "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" in which he proposed a test.
The test can check the machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to human
intelligence,
called the Turing test.
Year 1951: Marvin Minsky and Dean Edmonds created the initial artificial neural network (ANN)
named SNARC.
They utilized 3,000 vacuum tubes to mimic a network of 40 neurons.
Year 1968: Terry Winograd developed SHRDLU, the pioneering multimodal AI capable of following
user
instructions to manipulate and reason within a world of blocks.
Year 1969: Arthur Bryson and Yu-Chi Ho outlined a learning algorithm known as backpropagation,
which enabled the development of multilayer artificial neural networks.
This represented a significant advancement beyond the perceptron and laid the groundwork for
deep learning.
Additionally, Marvin Minsky and Seymour Papert authored the book "Perceptrons,"
which elucidated the constraints of basic neural networks.
This publication led to a decline in neural network research and a resurgence in symbolic AI
research.
Year 1972: The first intelligent humanoid robot was built in Japan, named WABOT-1.
Year 1973: James Lighthill published the report titled "Artificial Intelligence: A General Survey,"
resulting in a substantial reduction in the British government's backing for AI research.
Year 2016: DeepMind's AlphaGo secured victory over the esteemed Go player Lee Sedol in Seoul,
South Korea,
prompting reminiscence of the Kasparov chess match against Deep Blue nearly two decades
earlier.
Whereas Uber initiated a pilot program for self-driving cars in Pittsburgh, catering to a limited group
of users.
Year 2018: The "Project Debater" from IBM debated on complex topics with two master debaters
and performed extremely well.
Google demonstrated an AI program, "Duplex," a virtual assistant that booked hairdresser
appointments on call,
where the lady on the other side didn't realize she was talking to a machine.
Year 2021: OpenAI unveiled the DALL-E multimodal AI system, capable of producing images based
on textual prompts.
Year 2022: In November, OpenAI launched ChatGPT, offering a chat-oriented interface to its
GPT-3.5 LLM.
Now AI has developed to a remarkable level. The concept of deep learning, big data, and data
science are
now trending like a boom. Companies like Google, Facebook, IBM, and Amazon are working with AI
and creating amazing devices.
The future of Artificial Intelligence is inspiring and will come with high intelligence.
