Pag-unawa sa hamon Disaster Risk Management

System Analysis : A Guide

ng kapaligiran Book nina Bass at mga
Paksa 1 : Ang pamamahala sa kasama (2008)
kalamidad (Disaster Hazard
Management) ● Banta ng maaring
● Isang dinamikong dulot ng kalikasan o ng
proseso na sumasakop tao na maaring sanhi
sa pamamahala ng ng pinsala, buhay,
pagpaplano, pag ari-arian at kalikasan.
oorganisa, pagtukoy ng Anthropogenic Human o
mga kasapi pamumuno Human Induced Hazard
at pagkontrol. ● Ito ay mga hazard
● Ang disaster nabunga ng mga
management ay gawain ng tao.
tumutukoy sa ● Kalamidad na dulot ng
iba’t-ibang gawain na gawain ng tao ay
binuo upang kinabibilangan ng
mapanatili ang mapaminsalang
kaayusan sa panahon aktibidad, kawalan ng
ng sakuna, kalamidad, pag kilos at
hazard ( Ondiz at pagkukulang upang
Rodito,2009) maagapan ang epekto
● Red Cross Disaster ng isang gawain.
Management Manual - ● Kaguluhan sa
isang ahensya na may komunidad gaya ng
administratibo ng krimen at terorismo
desisyon at gawain ● Pagsabog ng sandatang
patungkol sa bawat nukleyar
yugto ng isang sakuna. ● Paggamit ng
nakalalasong kemikal
 ● Pagtaas ng langis (oil maapektuhan ng mga
spill) hazard
● Cyber Attack ● Ang mga kalagayang
Hazard heograpikal at antas ng
● Ito naman ay mga kabuhayan ang
hazard na dulot ng kadalasang
kalikasan nakaiimpluwensiya sa
● Lindol kahinaang ito.
● Bagyo Risk
● Daluyong (storm ● Mga pinsala sa tao,
surge) ari-arian, at buhay
● Pagsabog ng Bulkan dulot ng isang
● Paglaganap ng sakit o kalamidad o sakuna
epidemya ● Ang mabalang
Disaster kapasidad ng isang
● Mga pangyayari na pamayanan na harapin
nagdudulot ng pinsala ang panganib na dulot
sa tao, kapaligiran, at ng kalamidad ay
mga gawaing pang nagiging dahilan ng
ekonomiya mas mataas na pinsala.
● Maaaring resulta ng Resilience
hazard, vulnerability o ● Kakayahan ng
kahinaan, at kawalan pamayanan na harapin
ng kakayahan ng isang ang mga epekto ng
pamayanan na harapin kalamidad
ang mga hazard
Vulnerability
● Kahinaan ng tao,
lugar, at imprastraktura
na may mataas na
posibilidad na
Ang Philippine
Community-Based Disaster
and Risk Reduction and
Disaster Risk Management Approach
● Isang pamamaraan
Reduction and kung saan ang
pamayanang may
Management banta ng hazard at
kalamidad ay aktibong
Framework nakikilahok sa
pagtuloy, pagsusuri,
(PDRRMF ) pagtugon,
pagsubaybay, at
Mga pangunahing layunin
pagtataya ng mga risk
Philippines Disaster Risk
na maaaring nilang
Reduction and Management
maranasan (Abarquez
Act of 2010
at Zubair, 2004)
● Ang hamon na dulot
ng mga kalamidad at
hazard ay dapat pag
plunahan at hindi
lamang haharapin sa
panahon sa pagsapit ng
iba't’-ibang
kalamidad;at
● Mahalaga ang
bahaging
ginagampanan ng
pamahalaan upang
mabawasan ang
pinsala at panganib na
dulot ng iba’t-ibang
kalamidad at hazard
Ayon sa World Health
Organization (WHO) sa
CBDRRM Approach
● Upang mabawasan ang
epekto ng mga hazard
at kalamidad
● Maligtas ang mas
maraming buhay at
ari-arian kung ang
pamayanan ay may
maayos na plano kung
paano matutugunan
ang kalamidad sa halip
na maghintay ng
tulong mula sa
pambansang
pamahalaan;at
● Mas mabibigyan ng
karampatang solusyon
kung ang lahat ng
sektor ay pamayanan
ay may organisadong
plano kung ano ang
gagawin kapag
nakakaranas ng
kalamidad
Earthquake
the ground during an
earthquake
Seismologist
● The shaking of the ● Seismologist
ground caused by the ● are earth scientists,
tremendous release of specialized in
energy due to pressure geophysics, who study
in earth’s crust called the genesis and the
an earthquake. propagation of seismic
● Is one of the most waves in geological
dangerous natural material.
disaster everyone PhiVolcs
could experience. ● PHILIPPINE
Part of Earthquake INSTITUTE OF
Focus VOLCANOLOGY AND
● Is the point within the SEISMOLOGY
earth where the release
of energy happened.
Epicenter
● Is the location on the Size of the earthquakes and
surface of the earth magnitude and intensity
directly above the ● The magnitude of an
focus earthquake is the
Fault quantitative measure
● Is the fracture, crack or of the amount of
break formation on the energy release by an
ground earthquakes. It is
measured using
Seismograph seismograph.
● Seismograph are
instruments used to
record the motion of
Effect of the Earthquakes ● In 2013, the island of
● Many of the bohol was struck by a
earthquakes have been 7.2 magnitude
recorded in the country earthquake that
as seen on the resulted in the splitting
DOST-PHIVOLCS and dropping of the
website with the time, ground especially
the date, and the origin along faults.
of the earthquake.
Moro Gulf in 1976, with a
magnitude of 8.0
● The earthquake
occurred near Cotabato
trench, which is known
as a region of
subduction of the
Philippines.
Luzon Island Earthquakes in
1990 with magnitude of 7.8
● The earthquake was
due to the strike - slip
movement along
Philippine fault that
resulted in ground
rapture from aurora to
Nueva Ecija.
Plate Boundaries
Oceanic - Continental
● A type of collision
between an oceanic
Continental Crust - made in
crust and a continental
granite
crust. In this type of
Oceanic Crust - made in basalt
collision, the denser
oceanic crust moves
Types of Plate Boundaries
beneath the lighter
Divergent Plate Boundary
continental crust. The
● Are plate boundaries
process at which
where the plates move
oceanic crust sinks
apart from each other,
down the continental
resulting in the
crush and goes back to
production of a new
the mantle is called
seafloor.
subduction.
Convergent Plate
Oceanic - Oceanic
Boundaries
● A type of collision
● Are plate boundaries
between two oceanic
where the plates move
crustal plates. It also
toward each other:
causes one plate to
The Collisions of Two Plates
subduct from another.
are of Three Types:
Although both oceanic
● Oceanic - Continental-
crustal plates have the
(Subduction)
same average density,
continental volcanic
the one that subducts is
arc
usually the older plate,
● Oceanic - Oceanic-
One of the examples of
(Subduction) volcanic
trenches formed due to
island arc
oceanic-oceanic convergence
● Continental -
is the Mariana Trench.
Continental- mountain
belt
Continental - Continental
Convergence
● A type of collision,
two continental crustal
plates move toward
one another. In this
case, the folding of
parts of the continental
lithospheres happens.
Transform Plate Boundary
● The last type of plate
boundary where,
instead of moving
toward apart from each
other, the plates slide
past horizontally to
each other without
destroying the
lithospheric plate. This
means that the
movement of one plate
is opposite the
movement of the other
The best example of this kind
of plate boundary collision is
the San Andreas Fault in
California USA.