Important GK
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nabinbogati7840Important GK
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nabinbogati7840The runway, safety is an area Which is cleared, draired # graded. <> per ECHO dhe Prairirrur Width oF Safety atea Should’ be as Fas, * For instrumental tunway — 30077 & For Hon= insteurmerta Funtay — 15orm (For FB + ¢ 4y92) uot ws 8 (For a & E type) %& Minimurs area of international airport — 40km™ (Boker is preterbe) >The length of safety cree SM Should extend Gorm been the Funway on iv's either end. . . > “Re Hotal Aengin of the Galery orca wait be eat tka the Jength of ‘Farway pus! t29—57. © sight distance’ —> For A,B €C types of airports, any twe Points Brn absve the surface of the rurway shoulg be rmutually Visible From a distance equal to hat? the Funway) Aength . —> For DFE types of airports there should be unobstructed Jin of Sight From any Point 3m above Funway +p all Other Points 2mm above runway Within a distance of at teast one half the Tunway, Jergth « © Forsverse gradient —> The transverse gradient Should mot be Jess then 0-5 ]- For Satisfactory ar airiage « > It Is Provided For quick disposat of surface Water, * Max™ — 15 (for A.B & Cc +ype) % Mx — 21 (for DEE tyer) @ htidth of runuiayy > Tre runway With Varies Fromm 45m to 18rm depending: upon the type of airport Which is tabulated below . “Types oF airpor: Width (mm) 45 49 30 Note Book Date:20 / | Design criteri — > The length of taxivay, Should be Srrat as possibme +o Save the Pact Ramah: chasge oP Hongitudinal qradiert Zs The availabe sigiv distarice ort Ate pavernent is affected by the vole oF Charge OF Jor gitudinah gradient . > he rrax™ Fae of Charge of stope for 30mm Aergth of Verticie Curve are Fecormmended by the ICAO is as *olows. Fie € C type OF airport — 4°/+ DEE tyre oF airport — 121. OEengitudinal qradierrt —> if the Jon gitudirrat gradient is steep, there Lin be rmore Consumption of fuer» 3 Re Tee Jongitudiral gradient Fecommended by the eho is as Fottows . [Fipes of airport Max™ Aongitudinal gradient a For “Taxiway as per ICRO Aes ReS ye —+ Gpee 3 @reederse gradient —> For quick disposal of surface water, ft is necessary +0 Provide the transverse qtadient for the taxiway, [3 Te ICAO recommends He max” Hoverse gradients as ‘givers beta. Hib Sc type of airport — 1¢5 1 DEE type of airport — 271 Olde oF taxiway? She tidth of taxiway ig much Jess ther runway, because of two factors + Ore air cyott ae air—borne of he taxiway, © ~ihe speed of the aircrafts on the taxiway ts far dess as Compared fo Ht Furwoaye. Transverse Gradient of shoulder scent OYA > Max™ gradient v5 yf. (biithin a distance of 45 mm ftom the Center dine oF runway, > Mox™ gradient So (Beyord te shouder) Generar Tems Contained im ANNEX 14 (CRO publication) Te Titernatiomal civit Avation organization (EeAd) 1s a Specialized agency @ an aviation fechrical body of the united Hation H's headquarters Is Aocakd in Hrontreal, Canada > Tt was Created after the Chicago Convention om international Civil avieHter of Lahich tas Signed by 52 CoW4ries in 1944, g Wos Fatfied
IcAo's primary roe is +o provide a Set oF Stangards Linch Wit herp regulate aviation across the Mord « = ane ch the Primary tow is OF Course to ensure Security ¢ Safety by reguiatings alt aspects af civit aviation tuhich inctudes the Constructions 2 operations oF airports. he Hranagermesh of air traPhic, the Certification of Perseral @ aircray, enforcing? tues & tequigtior For Obstruction Agbting , Qeromauticol Charts, Search @ tescue Stardards # many, more aspects pertaining +0 alr havig ation: © funerat s oefinitlons, Applicebiitys, (ori feation of Qerodtomes, safety erianagernerth Systerm ¢ rePerence Codgs. ® Aerodrome data © Physical Characeri ses @ Obstacte restriction f removal Note Book Date:20 / J @ Visual atds for ravigatiors- @ wisuat_aids For denoting obstacles - @ Visuot aids For denoting restricted use areas. ® Electtlcal Systerns @ Aerodrome operatioral services, Cquiprrents & install @bions. @ @trodrome maintenance + Planning oF Airport f t's Elernert —> Planning is te process oF arranging” aiPPerert Components dh an Girport Considering the Future extension. ake airport planning) is rrairmy Concerned Lith the Pottowings three aspects « © Rdequate access to the rmetrepolitan area + © Securing SuPfictert air space for aceess to the air. © sufficient Jord for Carrying’ out qrourd operations. Process rmust be Consistent (th —> The airport System planning tronsportation Jand use & @nvironment: state, regional OF Hatiorial goals For Sy Exploration of issues that Irpact aviator athe study area. —> rvertoryy of the Current systerm: LS seaentification of air transportation needs. ~> Forecast of Systert dernard + —> Consideration of akerative airport Systerns- SS Definizion oF airport ros @ policy Strategies « = Recormmerndation of System changes, Furrding’ Strategies F Qrport+ developrment - —> preparation OF ar implern ertation plor Note Book Date:20 / | TBirninat Buildin ~ He buttaing of cirport+ hich are Fram For providing Facitities (Aike booing offices, Wlaiting Foorn, restaurant, telephone office G#c) 40 al passengers, Por Serving’ as oMice Mi for Qirport+ Pranagernert & for Cortyimgy out other hom — Aronautical functions, are Known as terminal buitding « > Tey act as Focar ports of the teremimat ated. 3 The Concerned topic With the terrniral buitdimg Can be Study in Fouowing? six divisions . © xesign of objectives. @ Planning Consideration « @ Notse controt © Site selection - @ Facitities 40 be provided. © Space requirernents . Control “Towers > A Foner Lthich is usuatty/ situated atthe top of the terminal buildiny bith is klaus enctosed in glass enabling the @perator +o have an unobsttucied Views of the entire airfield is KMOWR as Cortrot tower, > “Fe airport Hoffic contrat tower (ATCT) Is Jdcated Im the terrmimal area & i Supervise directs @ monitors the 4tafic at the airport. —> The toute is responsivie for issuing Clearances 40 al arriving, deporting? Gircraft & for providing the pilots With infocrnadion Such as ternperature, Wind direction, barometric pressure we 7 t operating Conditions of the Oirport etc. Note Book Date:20 / / © Alirpor+ Drairiage systert —9 proper drairmage Ts mrust inside the airport area for efficient ISTH ts deciged by drainage Survey by Which Cormptete dota About the Sources OF Liater — the quantities OF Water rear the Qirport sit@ is found out. > Drainage System is drawn on droirage plan. > Drairiage Plan Shows the Position oF the proposed buildings, runways, taxinioys , aprons et. > “Together With all the pipelines Porrriny the dtainage network => cEnterception & diversion of Surface & groundwater Fro originating From Aoras adjacent +0 the airport - TS Removal OF SurPace runok? from the airport > Removal oF Sub- surface Flow from the dirport. —> Removal of surface Waier trom the pavements. <> Lowering oF the sub-surface Mater Jevel tm the airport. Design of pavermerr i —S pavernent SHucture is defined as a Siucture Consisting of One oF Friore Aeyers of the processed rrnraterials > “The Pnain purpose of an airport payernertt is +0 provided Satisfactory, Surface upor Which the aircraP+ Can operate: ‘Design Factors ~? Characteristics of Construction rratertals « +29 Sub—grade soil 7) Whee Asad etc . Note Book 0 Flexibe pavernent @ Rigid pavernent Basic Knowtedge oF Hotpert & Hangers Heliport —> Tt defined Faciitye, Which is irmternded 4° be Used For the Aarding & toxe off oF the hetcopters - —> & may ireiude Space for the heticopter Parking”, buitgings , Servicing facittties Vehicular parking. => “The are From Which the helicopter actiany taKes OFF or on (hich i donds ts Kmown as Jarding? area ~ Hangers => Tt ts a Special types of buiasing’ Constructed of Stee Frame Wik Covered Lutth the galvarized from Sheets + > The rain function of a hanger ts +o provide an enclosure for housing? & repairing maintenance of the aircraft. —> “There are +wo types of hangers. @, storage hangers ® Service hangers . <> Storage hanger is Further CrossiFied as Nose harger & TH hanger, > Note hanger is used Por Large size olrcraft - TH honger teotr oge Semon to Note Book Date:20. 7 / port Maintenance Inbemance of flexible Paverremts inctude Patch repairs, —> Mal yesurfaciny, repair of pot holes, Special tepair etc « The mainterance required is much Jest Tp For rigid Paverner*s, Ty But Actos Shovid be taken For Certain Areas Aike Funway ends P aprons 40 achieve Proper rehabilitation of the pavernerd. e | @ Recurrerst maintenance | @ Emergency mointenance sypes oF Maintenance @ Routing mainterance @ Periodic crainterance Preventive Mainderiarice > preventive maintersarce describes Q@etions taker + premature deterioration
Corrective maintenance means Action toxern+o Correct Geficiencies Which are potentiony hazardous. @y, te repair defects Wakich Setiousiy affect a Pavererts Gperotion So as +o Keep the Aiport Within folerable devel oF SerVice@bitity’ « Rircraft Paverment Classification Number @ Tyres of Subgrade Classified as A(high), 6 (mediur), ¢ (sw) ,D (ura dow) + “he CBR Value for Fexibie pavernert are. T a a A i [ter (ei) _[atoco [S500 | 2300 | FS | Tyee pressure (kg lem) Visual Fld 3 7The rmain activities of the ai-por+ include the Aanding ¢ take of the aircraft mot ontys during’ daytirre but ase at “night under Good or bad Weoter Conditions « —> “Therefore Certaitr indtcattorss are provided’ for Janding With fhe hetp of Colour marking? as tet as Aighting, : flirport Markirg/ @ Fpron marking — Yello Colour— © Runtay Marking — kthite colour — Cehter— Broker line 7 Edge — Solid tine @ Shourder marking- — Netloct? Colour (90Crm Width) @ “Taxiwoy marking — Yettow Colour (25cm fuid+h) ; Airport Lighting @ Airport beacons > Th Sa. strong bear of Light used 40 indicate eographica Adcation of airport. —+ TH Consists of +0 500 KlaHtS bulbs. > TH Flashes tahite & Green Colour at an horizontal angie of ag0, ? Tt revolves 6 times in one minute. > Note Book Date 1 ot O Foran hoger tgheing —> The aprors
Before Funway Starts, there is @ Sequence of high intensity Aighting, Arrangerrent For a Tengity oF Soorm used by Pilot For Torrect AocaHor oF aircraft during anding’- T> here are two Arrangrrents adopted Por fhe approach Atfghting, @ cavers Systers @ =cAo systerm + @ Runway Nyhting? —> Flash type or they do riot Protrude "re then Lor + > barite Colour of light + —> Spacing, of Aightirag’ Should be Juss then 6017+ © Taxiway Arghtiigy —> Edge of +oxiwoy dightin gy ts piue & (ortee-Jing Aights are green, @ Trreshors righty — > Whreshoid Lighting? im the direction af Aanding: are green @ in Hhe opposite direction: they are red, to indicate the @nd of runway. Nore —> nir traffic Forecasting == 15—20years > Minirrurn Circling’ Fadius is used to Find out the distarice bet” Fu airports - To The Hirning radius of taxiway, ts S0— 60° For Aor ge jet airplanes. Fe taxiway ray. be im Single side OF both Side oF Funway. ~P oP the Visibitty: of Environment is less then 5 Ket, aa Use SER (“Instrument Flight Rute) gtherwise use VER ( visual Filght Rule) . The Moise is Preasured by on Instrument Known as Sound — Atwel meter Which is indicated im dectbels. Note Book Date:20 / | — A _tormp ts a Wheeled Storcase tolled Upto an aircraty For use in getting: on oF Off. > Clear zone is the trrerrrost portion of 4he Opproach “zone f tis to be Provided at the ends of runways. > Holding dine marking is provided om Faxiways ata minimum distance of 3om from the edge of the Funk, > We Standard tempt at the al-port site can be determined by reducing the Standard mean sea level Fernpr of 45% at the rate of 6-5%¢ per thousand—mete Fise in elevation + flirpork Capacity >The hursber of ageroptane horidied oF processed an Girport in ar hour is Cotted airport Capacity . Hirport Reference poire 7 “We yeormetele Center of am tunway is Kmovin as Oivport+ reference Point. —7_Nhich ts used to Aocate the JoceHon wf an Or port. Air Speed =r “rere are rmointy two types of aircraft speed. 17 Air Speeds Speed relative to Lind a7 Ground Speed (Cruising) » Speed retetive +o ground Nobe) “the trndicated Speed is Ohways Jess ther by about Qf. ther: the toque air Speed- Note Book Date:20 / J Beaufort Scale => “Er 1s the Scale Showing Strength oF air. ye consists of 13 Hurnbers. be. 0 to 42 [> © indicate the clarm period
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