1.
Peritoneal dialysis has the following advantages, comparing with the other
categories of renal replacement therapies:
A) uses a biological membrane with minimal risk of infection
B) lower number hemodynamic complications
C) it allows the treatment of patients with abdominal adhesion syndrome
D) does not require anticoagulant treatment
2. elements of the nephritic syndrome could be:
A) hematuria
B) leukocyturia
C) proteinuria: 0.5-3 g/day
D) crystals in urinary sediment
3. Which therapeutic approach(es) will you choose for IgA nepropathy?
A) loop diuretics
B) human albumin
C) steroids
D) cyclophosphamide
4. What could be specific for uremic pericarditis?
A) appears in pre-terminal uremia
B) it is an early phenomenon
C) causes hemoptysis
D) could be associated with arrhythmias
5. In nephrotic syndrome the laboratory analysis shows:
A) dyslipidemia
B) a decreased level of Na in serum
C) a decreased urinary density
D) hypoalbuminemia
6. A 8 year old patient with an acute episode of pharyngeal tonsillitis with
Streptococcus B hemolytic group-A could develop over the next 4 weeks a
clinical picture including:
A) facial edema
B) moderate blood hypertension
C) selective proteinuria, over 3.5g/24h
D) hematuria with non-dysmorphic red blood cells
7. A 59 year old patient has a history of high blood pressure and diabetes
mellitus type 2. His medication includes hydrochlorothiazide and valsartan.
His blood pressure is 130/80 mmHg and a 24-hour urine collection reveals 4
g of albumin. His eGFR is 42 mL/minute/1.73m2 during the last 3 months.
Which is the best answer with respect to the staging of the kidney disease?
A) G2
B) G4
C) G3b
D) G3a
8. Morpho-functional changes in diabetic nepropathy could include:
A) mesangial expansion
B) a decrease in the intra-glomerular pressure
C) progressive multiplication of podocytes
D) thickening of the basement membrane
9. In which of the following pairs, there is a correct match?
A) pyuria with leukocytic cylinders - acute pyelonephritis
B) a woman with diabetes, ureteral duplicity and low urinary tract infection -
treatment lasting 5-7 days
C) glomerular profileration (hypercellularity) in microscopy - acute pyelonep-
hritis
D) hematuria or obstruction of the renal papilla - analgesic nephropathy
10. When do you decide to initiate in emergency the renal replacement the-
rapy, using dialysis:
A) metabolic alkalosis
B) symptomatic dehydration syndrome
C) myocarditis
D) eGFR = 12 ml/min/1.73m2
11. In which of the following situations would you initiate hemodialysis,
knowing that your patient has absolute contraindications for peritoneal dialy-
sis?
A) blindness
B) inflammatory bowel diseases
C) diaphragmatic hernia
D) HIV infection
12. In delaying the progression of chronic kidney disease, it is important,
except the following:
A) treatment with Spironolactone
B) control of dyslipidemia
C) hyperproteic diet
D) quitting smoking
13. Correct statement(s) about minimal change disease is(are) the following:
A) on glomerular staining by immunofluorescence, can be demonstrated im-
mune complexes
B) most of the patients will not develop CKD
C) girls are affected more frequently than boys
D) steroid-unresponsive patients may respond to cyclophosphamide
14. Which of the following manifestations could be frequently part of the
clinical picture of AA amyloidosis:
A) macroglossia
B) cardiac failure
C) sensory neuropathies
D) hepatomegaly
15. Which of the following could represent a possible adverse effect of the
treatment with erythropoietin?
A) high blood pressure
B) dyslipidemia
C) hyperhydration
D) hypernatremia
16. The hepatorenal syndrome is explained by:
A) decreased effective blood volume
B) extreme peripheral vasoconstriction, that explains the appearance of
ascites
C) increased pre-glomerular vascular resistance
D) renal vasodilation
18. T.R is a 54 year old diabetic patient. His serum creatinine concentration is
2.6 mg/dL, and eGFR is 46 mL/minute/1.73m2. His blood pressure is 145/89
mmHg. Which do you consider to be the best therapeutic intervention at this
time, in order to slow diabetic kidney disease progression?
A) lisinopril
B) metformin
C) metoprolol
D) furosemide
19. In which of the following situations do you decide to perform the renal
biopsy?
A) lupus erythematosus and acute renal failure
B) prostatic hyperplasia with possible hydronephrosis
C) a patient with proteinuria over 3.5g/24 hours
D) a suspicion of renal cysts in a patient with the filtration rate 50 ml/min/
1.73m2
20. Which of the following patients are most likely to present a complicated
cystitis infection?
A) a 34-years old healthy female
B) a 40-year old female with anemia
C) a 45-years old male
D) a 35-years old female with vesico-ureteral reflux
21. Which of the following conditions could not progress to focal
glomerulosclerosis?
A) viral infections
B) hyperuricemia
C) contrast nephropathy
D) anabolic steroids
22. In case of rhabdomyolysis, the following measure(s) is (are) necessary?
A) alkalinization of urine
B) fluid resuscitation
C) administration of allopurinol
D) large spectrum antibiotics
24. A 28-year old man had recurrent episodes of macroscopic hematuria,
usually within two days of the onset of an upper respiratory tract infection.
Which of the following disease does he most likely have?
A) minimal-change nephropathy
B) chronic tubulointerstitial disease
C) poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
D) IgA nepropathy
25. Hemodialysis is the first therapeutic option for a patient with end-stage
chronic renal disease associated with:
A) heart failure with hemodynamic decompensation
B) peritoneal fibrosis
C) recent abdominal surgery
D) severe coagulation disorders
26. Which of the following is (are) used for positive diagnosis of chronic pye-
lonephritis?
A) assymetric kidneys with irregular contour in ultrasonography
B) costo-muscular and costo-vertebral points pain
C) decreased urinary osmolarity in a patient with recurrent urinary tract infec-
tion
D) enlarged kidneys on ultrasonography
27. In case of renal artery stenosis, indications for revascularization could be:
A) patients with cardiac failure that need ACE inhibitors in the treatment
B) vascular stenosis associated with amyloidosis (AA form)
C) vascular stenosis of >75% associated with eGFR of 30 ml/min/1.73m2
D) drug-resistant severe hypertension
28. About a 62-year old patient currently with eGFR of 32ml/min/1.73m2, dia-
gnosed with chronic kidney disease(CKD) from August 2020, it could be sta-
ted that:
A) the patient requires a nephrological re-evaluation, if he develops anemia
B) the doses of statins should be decreased
C) he will require dialysis if the eGFR value will show an asymptomatic
decrease of 5ml/min in one year
D) his risk of atherosclerotic complications is higher than in the general popu-
lation
29. The most common pathophysiological mechanism for glomerulonephritis
is:
A) toxic
B) metabolic
C) immune
D) hereditary
30. The correction of the biochemical imbalances that appear in a chronic
kidney disease, could be done by:
A) potassium intake
B) low phosphate diet
C) supplemental intravenous iron
D) high calcium diet
