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Introduction To Motion

The document provides an overview of motion, defining it as the change in an object's position over time and categorizing it into translatory, rotary, and oscillatory types. It outlines Newton's three laws of motion, explaining concepts such as inertia, force, and momentum, along with their applications in real-life scenarios like seatbelts and rocket propulsion. Additionally, it discusses free fall and the acceleration due to gravity, providing relevant formulas for calculations.

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20 views2 pages

Introduction To Motion

The document provides an overview of motion, defining it as the change in an object's position over time and categorizing it into translatory, rotary, and oscillatory types. It outlines Newton's three laws of motion, explaining concepts such as inertia, force, and momentum, along with their applications in real-life scenarios like seatbelts and rocket propulsion. Additionally, it discusses free fall and the acceleration due to gravity, providing relevant formulas for calculations.

Uploaded by

sigik58486
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Introduction to Motion
Definition of Motion: Motion is the change in the position of an object
with respect to time.
Types of Motion:
Translatory Motion: Motion along a straight line or curved path.
Rotary Motion: Motion around a fixed point or axis.
Oscillatory Motion: Repetitive back-and-forth motion (e.g., a pendulum).
2. Newton's First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia)
Statement: An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays
in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
Inertia: The property of an object to resist changes in its state of
motion.
Example: A book on a table stays at rest unless pushed.
3. Newton's Second Law of Motion
Statement: The force acting on an object is directly proportional to the
mass of the object and the acceleration produced.
Formula:
𝐹
=
𝑚
𝑎
F=ma
𝐹
F is the force applied,
𝑚
m is the mass of the object,
𝑎
a is the acceleration produced.
Unit of Force: Newton (N), where 1 N = 1 kg·m/s².
Example: A car accelerates faster when a smaller mass (like a bicycle) is
pushed with the same force.
4. Newton's Third Law of Motion
Statement: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Example: When you jump off a boat, the boat moves backward as a reaction
to your action of jumping forward.
5. Momentum
Definition: Momentum is the product of an object’s mass and velocity.
Formula:
𝑝
=
𝑚
𝑣
p=mv
𝑝
p is momentum,
𝑚
m is mass,
𝑣
v is velocity.
Conservation of Momentum: In an isolated system, the total momentum
remains constant before and after a collision.
6. Important Applications of Newton's Laws
Seatbelts in Cars: When a car suddenly stops, the body continues in
motion (inertia), and the seatbelt applies force to stop you.
Rocket Propulsion: A rocket moves in the opposite direction of the
exhaust gases expelled (Third Law of Motion).
7. Free Fall and Acceleration Due to Gravity
Free Fall: When an object is falling under the influence of gravity
alone, it experiences uniform acceleration.
Acceleration due to gravity (g): 9.8 m/s² near the Earth's surface.
Formula for Distance Traveled in Free Fall:
𝑠
=
𝑢
𝑡
+
1
2
𝑔
𝑡
2
s=ut+
2
1

gt
2

Where
𝑠
s is the distance fallen,
𝑢
u is the initial velocity (usually 0),
𝑔
g is the acceleration due to gravity, and
𝑡
t is the time.

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