Unit – 2 Self Management Skills

Most Possible questions:

1. What is stress?
Stress can be defined as our emotional, mental, physical and social reaction
to any perceived demands or threats. These demands or threats are called
stressors. Stressors are the reason for stress.
2. Explain the types of stress.
Physical stress: This is often the most obvious form of stress.
Mental stress: This form of stress is also quite common, and fairly easy to
recognize.
Behavioural stress: This can be more difficult to self-diagnose
Emotional stress: This is another tough one to diagnose.When the body is
experiencing stress emotionally, it tends to prepare its “fight or flight” response,
which can manifest in sneaky ways. Signs of emotional stress can include
an increase in agitation or moodiness.

3. Write the steps to manage stress.

● Be aware that you are stressed.
● Be aware that you are stressed.
● Apply stress management methods
4. Explain ABC of stress.
A: Adversity or the stressful event
B: Beliefs or the way you respond to the event
C: Consequences or actions and outcomes of the event

5. Write the stress management techniques.

Time management:Proper time management is one of the most effective
stress-relieving techniques.
Physical exercise and fresh air: A healthy lifestyle is essential for students.
Stress is generally lower in people who maintain a healthy routine.
Healthy diet: Having a healthy diet will also help you reduce stress.
Positivity: Focussing on negative aspects of life will add more stress.
Instead, learn to look at the good things and stay positive.

Sleep: We should get a good night’s sleep for at least 7 hours so that
your brain and body gets recharged to function better the next
day.
Holidays with family and friends: vacations can help you break from the
normal routine and come back afresh.

6. Write about emotional intelligence?

Emotional awareness : the ability to identify and name one’s own emotions.
Harnessing emotions : the ability to harness and apply emotions to
tasks like thinking and problem solving.
Managing emotions : the ability to regulate one’s own emotions when necessary
and help others to do the same.
7. Write steps to manage emotional intelligence are as given below.
● Understand your emotions: Observe your behaviour and note the things you
need to work on. You can then work on the things you need to
improve.
 ● Rationalise: Do not take decisions abruptly; be rational in your thinking.
● Practise: Do meditation and yoga to keep yourself calm.

8. Write the techniques for identifying your strengths and weaknesses.

Finding Strengths (or abilities)
Think of anything that you are always successful at.
Think about what others like in you.
Take out time and think about what you do well.
Finding Weaknesses
Point out the areas where you struggle and the things you find difficult to do.
Look at the feedback others usually give you.
Be open to feedback and accept your weaknesses without
feeling low about it. Take it as an area of improvement.

9. Differentiate between ability and interest.

Interests
1. Things that you like to do in your free time that make you happy. An
acquired or natural capacity
2. Things you are curious about or would do even if no one asked you to do it.
3. Things you want to learn or would like to do in the
future Ability
1. An acquired or natural capacity
2. Enable you to perform a particular job or task with considerable proficiency.

10. Explain the types of motivation.

Internal Motivation: LOVE
We do things because they make us happy, healthy and feel good.
External Motivation: REWARD
We do things because they give us respect, recognition and appreciation.

11. What are the qualities of self motivated people?

1. Know what they want from life
2. Are focussed
3. Know what is important
4. Are dedicated to fulfil their dreams

12. What is Goal Setting?

It is all about finding and listing your goals and then planning on
how to achieve them.
13. Write the ways to building self motivation.
● Find out your strengths
● Set and focus on your goals
● Develop a plan
● to achieve your goals
● Stay loyal to your goals

14. Define SMART goals.

Specific : A specific and clear goal answers six questions.
Who is involved in the goal?
 What do I want to do?
Where do I start?
When do I start and
finish? Which means do I
use?
Why am I doing this?
Measureable : A measurable goal answers the questions
“How much?”, “How many?” and “How do I know that I have achieved
results?” Achievable : Breaking down big goals into smaller parts will make
the goal achievable.
Realistic : A realistic goal would be something that we want to achieve and
can work towards.
Time bound : A SMART goal should have a timeframe by when the goal needs
to be achieved. This encourages us to take actions to completely fulfil the
goals.

15. Write symptoms of stress in our body.

● Irritable, angry, impatient or wound up.
● Over-burdened or overwhelmed
● Anxious, nervous or afraid.
● Uninterested in life
● worried or tense
● fatigue
● sudden weight gain or weight loss.

16. What are the advantages of self-regulation?

● It leads to responsible and value driven behaviour.
● It teaches self - control and well directed efforts to reach a goal.
● Self – regulation inculcates discipline that helps in consistent
efforts to move towards a goal.

17. Write the advantage of working independently.

1. Becoming self-aware, self-monitoring and self-correcting.
2. Knowing what you need to do.
3. Taking the initiative rather than being told what to do.
4. Recognising your mistakes and not blaming others.
5. Having the ability and the will to learn continuously.

18. Write the steps for effective time management.

● Organise
● Prioritise
● Control
● Track
19. What is the importance of time management?
● Complete tasks on time.
● Make a daily timetable.
● Make a good guess at how long it will take you to do something.
● Submit homework and assignments on time.
● Do not waste time during the day.
 Unit – 1 Introduction to AI
Most Possible questions:

What is intelligence
● Intelligence is a mental quality
● Intelligence is the ability to learn, understanding, self-awareness,
learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical
thinking, and problem-solving.
● It consists of the abilities to learn from experience, adapt to new
situations, understand and handle abstract concepts, and use knowledge to
perform a task efficiently.

Define artificial intelligence.

● Artificial is something which is man-made.
● AI is the ability of machines to mimic human traits and works similar to
how human brains learn,think,analyse to perform a task.
● AI helps in making decisions, predicting the future, learning and improving on
its own, it is said to have artificial intelligence.
● A machine is artificially intelligent when it can accomplish tasks by itself -
collect data, understand it, analyse it, learn from it, and improve it.

Differentiate between ML and DL.

ML DL
ML uses set of algorithms DL uses neural networks and develop its
algorithm on its own

ML helps machines to learn on its own DL enables machines to experience, predict

and to solve complex problems.

In ML users have to provide the data sets.DL allows extraction of data automatically
In ML training has to be given DL is capable of training on its own
In ML only limited datasets are used. DL is capable of dealing with large datasets.
Eg. Face ID recognition, Email spam filter, Eg. Automated cars, weather forecast.
Alexa, ..

What is decision making?

● The basis of decision making depends upon the availability of information and
how we experience and understand it.
● We can’t make “good” decisions without information or data.
● without essential information it leads us to make wild guesses or
assumptions. eg. flipping coins, or rolling a dice.
Explain the types of Intelligence

Why training with information/Data is important in Artificial Intelligent devices?

● Similar to human beings, AI devices need experience to give better results and
improve in every next iteration.
● For giving better results, the machine should be trained with some real data.
● The more the amount of accurate data, the better predictions will be made
by the machine.
● Hence, data is very important in AI devices.

If you do an image search for vacations on a popular search engine, the first few searches mostly
return the picture of beaches. What is the concern here? Explain.
In the given scenario, we are concerned about the bias. When we talk about a machine,
we know that it is artificial and cannot think on its own.
It can have intelligence, but we cannot expect a machine to have any biases of its own.
Any bias can transfer from the developer to the machine while the algorithm is being
developed.

How has AI changed the gaming world?

● AI has changed the world of gaming by making the game more intelligent by
providing them the ability to learn using machine learning algorithms.
● Games these days try to understand human patterns and give responses on the
basis of it and also give new difficulty levels.

What is Natural Language Processing? Give an example of it.

 ● NLP is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with the interaction
between computers and humans using the natural language.
● Natural language refers to language that is spoken and written by people,
and natural language processing (NLP) attempts to extract information
from the spoken and written word using algorithms.

Mention four examples of artificially intelligent applications in our smartphones. Phone

Smart Lock / Snapchat filter / Shopping websites / Netflix / YouTube / Face
Detection / Google Maps / Emotions recognition / Google assistant / Natural language
recognition / image detection / beauty filters etc. (2 marks for any four right
examples)

Mention four examples of machines that are smart but not AI.
Automatic gates in shopping malls / remote control drones/ a fully automatic washing
machine/ Air Conditioner/ Refrigerator/ Robotic toy cars/ Television etc.

Differentiate between what is AI and what is not AI with the help of an example?

AI Machine Not AI machine

AI machines are trained with data Smart machines which are not AI, do
and algorithms. not require training data, they work
on algorithms only.

AI machines learn from mistakes and Smart machines work on fixed

experience. They try to improvise on algorithms and they always work
their next iterations. with the same level of efficiency,
which is programmed into them.

AI machines can analyses the Machines which are not AI cannot take
decisions on their own.
situation and can take decisions
accordingly.
AI based drones capture the real-time An automatic door in a shopping mall,
data during the flight, processes it seems to be AI-enabled, but it is
in built with only sensor technology.
real-time, and makes a human- independent
decision based on the processed data.

How does a machine become Artificially Intelligent?

● A machine becomes intelligent by training with data and algorithm.
● AI machines keep updating their knowledge to optimize their
output. Data + Algorithm = AI machine

Explain the applications of AI in detail.

a. Google Search Engine:

● With the help of AI, Google Search Engine has been turned into Intelligent search
which is a new network of systems that produces direct answers.
● It uses voice and image searches.
● Google lens helps in search from image or video.
 ● It has included deep learning to fasten the searches with more accuracy.
b. Voice assistant:
● AI is being used in voice assistants to recognize words spoken by the user.
● NLP has capabilities like “Speech-to-Text” converts the natural language of the user
into text for further processing.
● As the digital assistant answers more and more queries, it “learns” using ML
algorithms.
● The more tasks it performs, its ML algorithms help it “learn” from the tasks and
the preferences of the user. As a result, the digital assistant improves its
performance over time.
c. E-commerce website:
● With the use of big data, AI in E-Commerce is impacting customer choices by
recording the data of previous purchases, searched products, and online browsing
habits.
● Product recommendations provide multiple benefits for E-commerce retailers including:
Higher number of returning customers.

Why ethical practices should be followed while developing solutions using AI?

○ Ethical practices are very important while developing solutions using AI

because the solution is made to solve the problem or reduce the complexity of
the problem.
○ If ethical practices are not followed properly then the solution might create
more problems and that leads to more problems.
○ Even unethical practices increase risk and damage to the surroundings.
Which is not a good cause for the problem solution.
What do you understand by data privacy? Discuss in detail with some examples.

○ Data plays a vital role in AI systems. The existence of an AI system is

impossible without data.
○ Data management like storage, usage, collection and maintaining data is
one important concern.
○ When the user works on the system, the user is sharing data. This data
needs permission to access the data. This consent is known as data
privacy.
○ Data privacy, sometimes also referred to as information privacy, is an area of
data protection that concerns the proper handling of sensitive data
including, notably, personal data but also other confidential data, such as
certain financial data and intellectual property data, to meet regulatory
requirements as well as protecting the confidentiality and immutability of
the data. It focuses on how to collect, process, share, archive, and delete
the data in accordance with the law.
○ Privacy of information is extremely important in this digital age where
everything is interconnected and can be accessed and used easily. The
possibilities of our private information being extremely vulnerable are very
real, which is why we require data privacy.
What are the concerns related to the use of AI to control defence equipment?

○ AI-controlled nuclear missiles capable of making independent decisions or

AI-equipped armed military drones.
○ Another concern is the human cost of the adoption of AI technology.

Man has searched on Google for salons, the first few searches he found mostly salons for female
salons. This is based on the assumption that if a person is searching for a salon, in
all probability it would be a female. Do you think this is a bias? If yes, then is it a Negative
bias or a Positive one?

● It is a negative bias.
● The reason for this is generally the algorithm understands that women are visiting
salons more than men.

Explain the ethics of AI.

● The concern related to good and ideal behaviour or manners and moral principles
are known as ethics.
● In other words, ethics refers to what is right and what is wrong then teaches
moral conduct.

What are the major AI ethical concerns related to AI adoption?

○ Unemployment
○ Inequalities
○ Negative Adoptions
○ Black Box problem

List down various sensors that are present in a smartphone. Also list down the type of data
which gets collected through them.
● ACCELEROMETER [ helps running AR applications and track steps]
● GPS [ Location Data]
● Gyroscope [Orientation Data]
● Magnetometer [ Direction and Magnetic Field Data]
● Biometric Sensors [Fingerprint ,Iris, Face data]

Is it ethical that children use technology to help to finish their study-related work?

○ The use of technology by children is making them smart and techno-savy.

○ At the same time, they can misuse that and learn what is not important to
them.
○ Sometimes technology kills their creativity and they don’t think on their own.
○ Hence at one side technology can be used for learning or doing work
smartly but not all the time.
AI increased the gap between two classes of people. Which are these two classes of people?

○ AI is an emerging technology as well as budding technology.

○ Not everyone has the opportunity to access it.
○ The two classes of people are:
i. People who can afford AI-enabled devices make the most of it
ii. The people who can’t afford Ai-enabled devices left behind

“In the coming years, AI-enabled machines will replace all the people who work as labourers.”Justify
this statement.
 ○ As per one thought, AI makes our life easier.
○ People want most things in just one click and some platforms provide that too.
○ So AI enables machines or devices will do the task with just a click.
○ Where for the same task human being takes more time compared to AI
machines.
○ So people who have little or no skills may be left out without jobs and AI
takes charge.
Should AI not replace laborious jobs? Will the lives of people improve if they keep on being
unskilled?

○ AI should not replace all laborious jobs. As if so, there will be no source of
income for the daily wage workers.
○ Although lives of people do not improve if they keep on being unskilled. Unskilled
people have difficulties in growth and personal development.
○ Unskilled employees are also obstacles to the organization’s growth as well.
So employees need to be trained in new skills on regular basis.

What are the moral issues related to self driving car?

Self driving cars are totally under the control of AI. For example, an animal is crossing the
road your way suddenly hit by a self-driving car. The animal got hurt.
● Who is responsible for this accident?
● The following are some ethical concerns:
○ The developer of the car goes through all dilemmas while developing the
car’s algorithm.
○ The morality of the developer gets transferred into the machine as what
according to him/her is the right priority and hence would be the selection
made by the machine.
○ Every person has their own perspective and he/she takes the decision
according to their moralities.

Why do apps collect data in our phone?

● One of the major sources of data for many major companies is the device
which all of us have in our hands all the time: Smartphones.
● Smartphones have nowadays become an integral part of our lives. Most of
us use smartphones more than we interact with people around us. For the
facilities that smartphones provide us, Apps need a lot of data which is
collected from the user like details about your face, browsing history, or
your geographic location, contact list etc.
● This data is collected with user’s consent which he/she gives at the time of
installing an app by clicking on “yes” or “allow” options which clearly
means that we ourselves are giving permissions to the Apps.
● Permissions by themselves are harmless and even useful to provide
users a good mobile experience.
● This data is collected to provide us with a lot of facilities and features which
have made our lives easier. Another reason to collect the data is to
provide us with customized recommendations and notifications according to
our choices. One more reason to collect the data is to make their app more
accurate and efficient.

How can AI be integrated with non-AI technologies? Explain with the help of an
example.
Today’s world is changing with the adoption of IOT (Internet of Things). IOT is
helping in prominently capturing a tremendous amount of data from multiple
sources. The convergence of AI (Artificial Intelligence) and IOT can redefine the
way industries, business, and economies function. AI enabled IoT creates
intelligent machines that simulate smart behavior and supports decision making
with little or no human interference.
While IOT provides data, artificial intelligence acquires the power to unlock
responses, offering both creativity and context to drive smart actions. Here are
some examples: Ex. 1: Self-driving Cars: Tesla’s self-driving cars are the best
example of IoT and AI working together. With the power of AI, self-driving cars
predict the behavior
of pedestrians and cards in various circumstances. For example, they can
determine road conditions, optimal speed, weather and getting smarter
with each trip.
Ex. 2: Robots in Manufacturing: Manufacturing is one of the industries that
already embraced new technologies like IoT, artificial intelligence, facial
recognition,
deep learning, Robots and many more. Robots employed in factories are
turning smarter with the support of implanted sensors, which facilitates
data transmission. Moreover, as the robots are provisioned with artificial
intelligence algorithms, they can learn from newer data. This approach not
only saves time and cost but also makes the manufacturing process better over
time.

Ex.3: Weather forecasting System: In a weather forecasting system,

where IOT temperature sensor and humidity sensors collect data from the
physical world, AI tries to figure out patterns from previous data collected
and tries to interpret and give accurate predictions of upcoming day
weather.

Ex.4: Smart Drones: Initially drones were only able to capture photographs,
these were not AI drones. As the scientist used to analyze the data
captured through drones. Now the drones are incorporated with AI, which
helps them to make decisions also on the basis of the picture they capture.

What do you understand by Machine Learning?

■ Machine Learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence which enables
machines to improve at tasks with experience (data). The intention of
Machine Learning is to enable machines to learn by themselves using the
provided data and make accurate Predictions/ Decisions.
■ Machine learning focuses on the development of computer programs
that can access data and use it to learn for themselves.
■ Machine learning is a data analytics technique that teaches computers to do
what comes naturally to humans and animals: learn from experience.

What do you understand by Deep Learning?

● Deep Learning is the most advanced form of Artificial Intelligence.
● In Deep Learning, the machine is trained with huge amounts of data which
helps it in training itself around the data. Such machines are intelligent
enough to develop algorithms for themselves.
● Deep learning is an artificial intelligence (AI) function that imitates the workings
of the human brain in processing data and creating patterns for use in
decision
making.
 ● Deep learning is a subset of machine learning where artificial neural
networks, algorithms inspired by the human brain, learn from large
amounts of data.

What are the three domains of AI?

● Data Science/ Big Data
● Computer Vision
● Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Name any two examples of Data science?

Price Comparison Websites/ Website Recommendations/ Fraud and Risk detection/
Internet search/ Personalized healthcare recommendations / Optimising Traffic
routes in real-time / image tagging.

Name any two examples of Computer vision?

Self-Driving cars/ Autonomous vehicles Face Lock in Smartphones/
MedicalImaging/ Facial recognition /Security Systems / Waste Management /
Satellite imaging.

Name any two examples of Natural Language Processing?

Email filters/Smart assistants/ Sentiment Analysis/Automatic Summarization/Search
results / Language translation / Digital phone calls.

Name any two examples of Machine Learning?

Virtual Personal Assistants, Recommendation systems like Netflix, Face Apps, Online
Fraud Detection

“Smartphones are major sources of data nowadays.”Justify this statement.

○ Smartphones becomes an integral part of human lives nowadays.

○ Most of us use smartphones more than we interact with
people around us.
○ This is because smartphones provide a lot of facilities and
features that make human life easy and comfortable.
○ With online shopping, ordering food becomes very easy with the
help of small box loaded with technology.
○ Moreover, now smartphones provide recommendations and
notifications according to users’ choices.