Form 2 Geography Test Answers
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (30 Marks)
1. Answer: (c) Uneven heating of of erosion in deserts, carrying sand
the Earth’s surface and shaping features like sand dunes.
Explanation: Weather is primarily
caused by the uneven heating of 8. Answer: (b) Oxidation
the Earth’s surface, which creates Explanation: Oxidation is a chemical
temperature and pressure differences, weathering process where rocks react
leading to wind and weather patterns. with oxygen, causing them to break
down.
2. Answer: (c) Earthquake
Explanation: Earthquakes are ge- 9. Answer: (b) Erosion
ological hazards, not weather haz- Explanation: Erosion is the wearing
ards. Weather hazards include floods, away of the Earth’s surface by natu-
droughts, and hurricanes. ral agents like water, wind, or ice.
10. Answer: (b) Formed from cool-
3. Answer: (b) Weathering
ing magma
Explanation: Weathering is the pro-
Explanation: Igneous rocks are
cess of breaking down rocks into
formed from the cooling and solidifi-
smaller particles through physical,
cation of magma or lava.
chemical, or biological means.
11. Answer: (a) Biological weather-
4. Answer: (c) Limestone ing
Explanation: Limestone is a sedimen- Explanation: Biological weathering
tary rock formed from the accumu- occurs when plant roots grow into
lation of organic materials like shells cracks in rocks, breaking them apart.
and coral.
12. Answer: (a) Landslide
5. Answer: (c) Frost action Explanation: Landslides are a type
Explanation: Frost action occurs of mass wasting where soil and rock
when water freezes in cracks, expands, move downhill due to gravity.
and breaks the rock apart.
13. Answer: (d) Transportation
6. Answer: (b) Valley Explanation: Transportation is the
Explanation: Valleys are landforms movement of weathered materials
created by the erosion of rivers or from one place to another by agents
glaciers. like water or wind.
7. Answer: (a) Wind 14. Answer: (b) Cliff
Explanation: Wind is the main agent Explanation: Cliffs are features of
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coastal erosion formed by the action 23. Answer: (b) Chemical weather-
of waves. ing
Explanation: Chemical weathering
15. Answer: (b) Carbonation involves the breakdown of rocks
Explanation: Carbonation is a chem- through chemical reactions like oxida-
ical weathering process where rocks tion or carbonation.
are dissolved by acidic water contain-
ing carbon dioxide. 24. Answer: (b) Valley
Explanation: Valleys are features of
16. Answer: (b) Granite glacial erosion formed by the move-
Explanation: Granite is an igneous ment of glaciers.
rock formed from the slow cooling of
magma underground. 25. Answer: (a) Biological weather-
ing
17. Answer: (a) Exfoliation Explanation: Biological weathering
Explanation: Exfoliation is a phys- occurs when living organisms like
ical weathering process where rocks plants or animals break down rocks.
peel off in layers due to temperature
changes. 26. Answer: (c) Frost action
Explanation: Frost action is a type
18. Answer: (c) Sandstone of physical weathering caused by the
Explanation: Sandstone is a sedimen- freezing and thawing of water in rock
tary rock formed from compressed cracks.
sand particles.
27. Answer: (a) Exfoliation
19. Answer: (a) Abrasion Explanation: Exfoliation is the pro-
Explanation: Abrasion is the process cess where rocks peel off in layers due
by which rocks are worn down by to pressure release.
wind-blown sand.
28. Answer: (c) Sand dune
20. Answer: (b) Valley Explanation: Sand dunes are features
Explanation: Valleys are formed by of wind erosion and deposition.
river erosion over time.
29. Answer: (b) Carbonation
21. Answer: (c) Abrasion Explanation: Carbonation is the pro-
Explanation: Abrasion is the process cess where rocks are dissolved by
by which rocks are worn down by wa- acidic water containing carbon diox-
ter action. ide.
22. Answer: (b) Marble 30. Answer: (b) Oxidation
Explanation: Marble is a metamor- Explanation: Oxidation is a chemical
phic rock formed from the recrystal- weathering process where rocks react
lization of limestone. with oxygen.
Section B: Short Answer Questions (20 Marks)
1. Define the term weathering. (2 marks)
Answer: Weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller
particles through physical, chemical, or biological means.
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2. List three types of weathering. (3 marks)
Answer:
• Physical weathering (e.g., frost action, exfoliation)
• Chemical weathering (e.g., oxidation, carbonation)
• Biological weathering (e.g., plant roots, burrowing animals)
3. Explain the difference between erosion and deposition. (4 marks)
Answer:
• Erosion is the process of wearing away and transporting weathered materials
by natural agents like water, wind, or ice.
• Deposition is the process where eroded materials are dropped or settled in a
new location.
4. Describe two ways in which human activities contribute to weathering.
(4 marks)
Answer:
• Mining and quarrying expose rocks to the atmosphere, accelerating chemical
weathering.
• Deforestation reduces soil stability, increasing physical weathering by wind and
water.
5. What are the main causes of floods? (3 marks)
Answer:
• Heavy rainfall
• Melting snow or ice
• Dam or levee failure
6. Explain how a river valley is formed. (4 marks)
Answer: A river valley is formed through the erosion of the riverbed and banks by
flowing water. Over time, the river cuts into the landscape, creating a V-shaped or
U-shaped valley depending on the erosional processes involved.
Section C: Structured Questions (30 Marks)
1. Discuss the processes involved in the formation of sedimentary rocks.
(10 marks)
Answer: Sedimentary rocks are formed through the following processes:
• Weathering: Rocks are broken down into smaller particles.
• Erosion: Weathered materials are transported by water, wind, or ice.
• Deposition: Materials are deposited in layers, often in water bodies like lakes
or oceans.
• Compaction: Over time, the weight of overlying layers compresses the de-
posited materials.
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• Cementation: Minerals dissolved in water act as glue, binding the particles
together to form solid rock.
2. Explain the impact of weather hazards on human activities. (10 marks)
Answer: Weather hazards like floods, droughts, and hurricanes have significant
impacts:
• Floods can destroy homes, infrastructure, and crops, leading to economic losses
and displacement.
• Droughts reduce water availability, affecting agriculture, drinking water sup-
plies, and ecosystems.
• Hurricanes cause widespread damage through strong winds, heavy rainfall,
and storm surges, disrupting communities and economies.
3. Describe the features of a desert landscape and the processes that shape
it. (10 marks)
Answer: Desert landscapes are characterized by:
• Sand dunes: Formed by wind erosion and deposition.
• Rocky plateaus: Created by physical weathering and erosion.
• Dry riverbeds (wadis): Formed by occasional flash floods.
Processes shaping deserts include:
• Wind erosion: Abrasion and deflation shape rocks and transport sand.
• Temperature changes: Daily temperature fluctuations cause physical weather-
ing.
• Occasional rainfall: Flash floods erode and deposit materials.
Section D: Essay Question (20 Marks)
1. Discuss the role of weathering and erosion in shaping the Earth’s surface.
Answer: Weathering and erosion play crucial roles in shaping the Earth’s surface:
• Weathering breaks down rocks into smaller particles, preparing them for ero-
sion.
• Erosion transports these particles, carving out landforms like valleys, canyons,
and coastlines.
• Together, they contribute to soil formation, which supports ecosystems and
human agriculture.
• Over time, these processes create diverse landscapes, from mountains to plains,
influencing human settlement and activities.
2. Explain the causes and effects of weather hazards, and suggest measures
to mitigate their impact.
Answer: Weather hazards are caused by natural processes like atmospheric pres-
sure changes, temperature fluctuations, and extreme weather events. Their effects
include:
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• Loss of life and property.
• Disruption of ecosystems and agriculture.
• Economic losses due to damaged infrastructure.
Mitigation measures include:
• Early warning systems to alert communities.
• Building resilient infrastructure to withstand extreme weather.
• Reforestation and sustainable land use to reduce flood and landslide risks.
