MT252 Phase Diagrams (3-1-0)4; Jan-April 2022
Course Instructor : Prof. Udaya Bhat K.
udayabhatk@gmail.com
Objectives: To study binary and ternary phase diagrams with
emphasis on metallic systems
To understand the invariant reactions, phases in 2D and 3D systems.
To study the microstructural evolution using phase diagrams
Expected course outcomes:
To understand the microstructure of a given alloy under a given set of
conditions
Correlation between microstructures and properties
Ability to use the concepts in subjects like heat treatment, phase
transformations, etc.
Concepts of phase diagrams are useful to materials engineers and
materials scientists:-
(1)development of new alloys for specific applications,
(2)fabrication of these alloys into useful configurations,
(3)design and control of heat treatment procedures for specific alloys
to produce the required mechanical, physical, and chemical
properties,
(4)solving problems that arise with specific alloys in their performance
in commercial applications, improving product predictability.
In all these areas, the use of phase diagrams allows research,
development, and production to be done more efficiently and cost
effectively
Phase diagrams have proved invaluable tool for tailoring existing alloys
to avoid over design, designing improved alloys for existing and new
applications, designing special alloys for special applications, and
developing alternative alloys with substitute alloying elements to
replace those containing scarce, expensive, hazardous, or “critical”
alloying element
Consider pure Ni or pure Cu
Cool from liquid state-cooling curve
Mix them-M.P? Cooling curve,
Other ex: Milk + water
Take Ag-Cu example: eutectic point
Water +oil
Ice +salt
Solid solutions, compounds and phase mixtures
How solubility of sugar/salt in water can be increased?
Syllabus:
Introduction: Types of solid solutions, Hume Rothery rules, Intermediate phases,
Problems.
Binary isomorphous system, phase rule and lever rule, Freezing behavior, coring,
homogenization, examples, problems, thermal analysis.
Miscibility gap, role of temperature.
Eutectic systems, freezing, examples, problems, modifications, effect of cooling rate.
Hypo and hypereutectics.
Phase diagrams with intermediate compounds, line compounds, examples.
Monotectics, examples, freezing, problems; Syntactic systems, freezing, examples,
problems
Eutectoid systems, problems, effect of cooling rate, examples, hypo and
hypereutectoids; Peritectic systems, examples, problems, equilibrium and realistic
freezing, problems; Binary systems with multiple invariant points
18 hrs
Ternary phase diagrams, isothermal sections and isopleths, ternary systems involving
binary reactions, ternary reactions, experimental techniques of phase diagram
determination, problems and examples 24 hrs
Fe-Fe3C phase diagram, introduction to steels and cast irons, other commercially
important binary systems. 06 hrs
Books:
1:F N Rhines: Phase Diagrams in Metallurgy, McGraw Hill, NY,
1956.
2:A Prince: Alloy Phase Equilibria, Elsvier Publ., Amsterdam,
1966.
3:D R F West: Ternary Equilibrium Diagrams, 2nd edn, Chapman
and Hall, London 2002 ed.
4. Phase equilibria in materials, Shant P Gupta, McGraw Hill
publ, 2003
5 S H Avner, Introduction to Physical Metallurgy, McGraw Hill
Book Co., NY, 1997
6. ASM Handbook on Alloy Phase diagrams, v3, 2016 ed
Evaluation Pattern:
Term end exams: 40%; Mid Sem: 25%; Internals-2 Nos:12.5%
each, Assignment (2 nos) 10 marks.
Alternative exams for Term end and Mid sem is only on the
production of medical proof. No alternative exam for internals.
