Social Most Frequently asked and PYQs Handout

History
Ch-1 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
1.Who played the leading role in the unification of Germany?
A) Otto von Bismark (Prussian Chief Minister).

2. Which one of the following is true about the treaty of Constantinople 1832?
a) It recognised Turkey as an independent nation.
b) It recognised Greece as an independent nation.
c) It recognised Germany as an independent nation.
d) It recognised France as an independent nation.
Ans: Option (b)

3. Who remarked “When France sneezes the rest of the Europe catches cold”?
A) Duke Metternich

4. How did the local people in the areas conquered by Napoleon react to French rule? Explain.
5. Explain any three beliefs of conservatism that emerged after 1815.
6. Describe any three economic hardships faced by Europe in the 1830s.
7. Metternich described Mazzini as the ‘most dangerous enemy of our social order’. Justify the
statement.
8. Describe any four measures which were introduced by the French Revolutionaries to create a
sense of collective identity amongst the French people.
9. “Napoleon had, no doubt, destroyed democracy in France, but in the administrative field he
had incorporated revolutionary principles in order to make the whole system more rational and
efficient”. Support the statement.
10. Explain the process of unification of Italy. (5M)
11. Explain Romanticism as a cultural movement in Europe. (2M)
12. How did the Greek war of Independence mobilized nationalist feelings among the educated
elite across Europe?
13. What do you mean by conservatism? Highlight the main features of the beliefs. (3M)
14. How did the ideas of national unity in the early 19th CE Europe allied to the ideology of
liberalism? (5M)
15. Highlight the various measures and practices that French revolutionaries introduced to create
a sense of collective identity amongst the French people. (5M)
16. How did the Balkan issue become one of the major factors responsible for the WW-1?
(5M).
17. Explain the conditions that were viewed as obstacles to the economic exchange and growth
by the new commercial classes during the 19th CE in Europe. (3M)
Important Dates
1789: The French Revolution
1804: Napoleonic Code
1815: Battle of Waterloo and Treaty of Vienna
1830: The July Revolution (Paris)
1821-22: Greek war of Independence
1832: Treaty of Constantinople
1834: Zollverein, a custom union was formed
1845: Silesian Revolt
1848: Revolution of Liberals, Paris Revolt and Frederic Sorrieu’s painting
1861: Unification of Italy
1871: Unification of Germany
1707: The Act of union
1914-18: World War-I
Ch-2 Nationalism in India
1.Explain the idea of Satyagraha according to Gandhiji.
2. Why did Gandhiji decide to launch a nationwide satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act
1919? Explain three reasons.
3. Describe the incident of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
4. Why did Mahatma Gandhiji decide to withdraw the “Non-cooperation movement” in Feb
1922? Explain three reasons.
5. “The plantation works in Assam had their own understanding of Mahatma Gandhiji and the
notion of Swaraj”- Support the statement with arguments.
6. a) Why did Gandhiji launch salt march?
b) Describe the main features of the salt march.
7. The Civil Disobedience Movement was different from the Non-cooperation Movement.
Support the statement with examples.
8. Dalit participation was limited in the civil disobedience movement. Examine the statement.
9. Explain the attitude of the Indian merchants and Industrialists towards the Civil Disobedience
Movement.
10. Nationalism spreads when people begin to believe that they are all part of the same nation.
Justify the statement.
11. What is Martial Law? What role did it play in Jallianwala Bagh incident?
12. Who launched Khilafat movement?
13. What was Simon Commission?
14. Explain the role of Rabindranath Tagore and Abanindranath Tagore in the freedom struggle.
15. What was Poona Pact signed?
16. Who designed the swaraj flag? Which colours were included in it?
17. Explain (1m) a) Satyagraha movement b) Khilafat movement c) Poona Pact d)
Culture part (symbols) e) Data based questions
18. Write a note on (2m) a) Rowlatt Act b) Champaran Satyagraha c) Cause of
with drawl movement d) Gandhi-Irwin Pact.
19. Write a note on (3m) a) Non-cooperation Movement unfold stages b) Swaraj in
plantations c) Dandi March d) Separate Electorates.
20. (4marks Questions) Source based Questions (Textbook Sources A and D)
21. Impact of WW-1 (5 m)
22. Non-cooperation Movement (Towns, Countryside, Plantations) (5m)
23. Civil Disobedience Movement (Participants, Limitations) (5m)
24. Cultural Belonging (5m)

Important Dates
1859: Inland Immigration Act.
1914-18: First World War.
1915: Gandhiji returned to India.
1917: Champaran Satyagraha, Kheda Satyagraha
1918: Ahmedabad Satyagraha
1919, March: Khilafat Committee formed, Rowlatt Act passed
1919, April: Hartal Nationwide
13th April, 1919: Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
1920, Sept: Calcutta Session of INC
1920, Dec: Nagpur session of INC
1921, Jan: Non-cooperation started
1921-22: Non-cooperation movement in India
1922: Chauri-Chaura Incident (NCM called off)
1928: Simon Commission came to India
1929, Dec: Lahore session of INC
11th March, 1930: Dandi March started
6th April, 1930: Salt law was broken/ start of Civil Disobedience Movement
1930: Depressed classes Association
5th March,1931: Gandhi-Irwin pact, CDM called off
1931, Dec: Second Round Table conference
1932: Poona Pact
1932-34: CDM started again
Important sessions of Congress
Calcutta session: swaraj and Khilafat issues were combined to form NCM.
Nagpur session: NCM Adopted.
Lahore session: Purna swaraj was demanded by Jawaharlal Nehru

Ch-3 The Making of a Global World

1. Explain how the global transfer of disease in the pre-modern world helped in the colonization
of the Americans.
(OR)
The Spanish conquest and colonization of America was decisively under way by the mid -16th
CE. Explain with example.
2. Trade and cultural exchange always went hand in hand. Explain the statement in the light of
Silk Route.
(OR)
The Silk Routes are a good example of trade ad culture link between distant parts of the
world-Explain with examples.
3. What is meant by the term Globalisation? How were cowries used in the ancient period?
4. What does silk route refer to?
5. Explain what we mean when we say that the world shrank in the 1500s.
6. Food offers many examples of long -distance cultural exchange. Explain.
7. The Portuguese and Spanish used all ethical and unethical methods to colonise America
during 16th CE. Justify.
8. Who discovered America?
9. Which powerful weapons were used by the Spanish conquerors to colonise America during
the mid- seventeenth CE?
10. Give three examples to show that the world changed with the discovery of new sea routes to
America.

Ch-5 Print Culture and the Modern World

1. How did print come into existence in Europe? (3m)
2. How did access to books create a new culture of reading? (3m)
3. Why was Vernacular Press Act passed in 1878? (3m)
4. How did a new reading public emerge with the printing press? Explain (2m)
5. Why were manuscripts not widely used in India before the age of print? (2m)
6. Examine the role of missionaries in the growth of press in India. (2m)
7. What are the factors that lead to the reading mania in the 17th & 18th CE in Europe? (3m)
8. Printing Press played a major role in shaping the Indian society in the 19th CE. Support with
examples. (5m)
9. Describe that impact of the print revolution in Europe during the 15th and 16th CE. (5m)
10. What difference did print technology make in the lives of women and children in the 19 th
CE? Explain. (5m)
11. “Print Revolution in 16th CE, Europe transformed the lives of people”. Support the statement
with suitable arguments. (5m)
12. “From the late 19th CE, issues of caste discrimination began to be written about in any
printed tracts and essays”. Support the statement by giving examples. (5m)
13. Explain the reasons favoring shift from hand printing to mechanical printing in China.
(OR)
Explain the different stages of development of printing technology in China.
15. Who were Chapmen?
16. Why was reading of manuscript not easy in India?
17. Who wrote 95 Thesis?
18. The earliest kind of print technology was developed in _____________, Japan and Korea
which was a system of hand printing.
19. Which of the following statements are true about printing?
a) merchants used print in their everyday life as they collected trade information.
b) Imperial state of China for a long time was a major producer of printed material.
c) Print taught people arson and violence.
d) Both a and b
20. As western powers established their outposts in China, ______________ became the hub of
the new print culture.
21. _________ from China introduced hand-printing technology into Japan around 768-770 AD.
22. Which is the oldest printed Japanese book?
23. Martin Luther was in favour of print and spoke out in praise of it. Discuss. (2m)
24. The Roman Catholic Church began keeping an index of prohibited books from the mid-16th
CE. Give reasons. (3m)
25. Gandhiji said the fight for swaraj is a fight for the liberty of speech, liberty of press and
freedom of association”. Elaborate. (3m)
26. Why did some people in the 18th CE, Europe think that culture would bring enlightenment
and end despotism?
27. How did the print culture assisted in the growth of nationalism in India? Explain.
28. Print created the conditions within which the French Revolution occurred. Discuss.
 ECONOMICS
Ch-1 Development
1.Which is the most important component for comparing different countries?
2. Countries with per capita income of _______ or less are called low income countries.
3. Literacy rate measures the proportion of literate population in the _______ and above age
group.
4. “Kerala has low infant mortality rate”. State the reason.
5. Which of the following is most likely to be a development goal for landless rural labourers?
a) Highest support prices for their crops.
b) They should be able to settle their children abroad.
c) Raised wages
d) None
6. Average income is also called as __________.
7. Define literacy rate.
8. What do we get when we divide the National income of a country by its total population?
9. _________ is considered to be one of the most important attributes for development.
10. Which country has better rank in Human Development Index?
11. Mention the developmental goal of the factory worker.
12. Mention any two developmental goals of a landless rural laborer.
13. What is national development?
14. What is the most important component for comparing different countries?
15. What is average income or Per capita income?
16.Which organization classifies countries as rich countries and low -income countries?
17. What is Literacy rate?
18. What is Net Attendance Ratio?
19. Define HDI and PDS?
20. What is Sustainable Development?
21. Which organization measures HDR? Mention any three major indicators of HDR.
22. How can two persons have different developmental goals?
23. Mention four characteristics of development.
24. What may be the developmental goal of a rich farmer?
25. Describe any three features of a developed country.
26. ‘What may be development for one may not be development for the other’. Explain by giving
examples.
(OR)
“Different people have different goals”. Support the statement with examples.
27. What is national development? What are the aspects covered under the national
development?
28. Besides income, what can be the other attributes to compare economic development?
29. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What
are the limitations of this criterion?
(OR)
Explain the meaning of the term ‘Rich Countries’. And ‘Low Income Countries’ according to
the World Development Report. What is India’s position in this respect?
30. Which country has the highest life expectancy at birth?
31. What would be the most appropriate aspiration of a prosperous farmer from Punjab?
32.Explain with reason why state of Punjab has a very high per capita but a low literacy rate?
33.Apart from income, which other six things people look for as important aspects of our lives?
34. Why are public facilities needed for the development of the country? Explain four public
facilities.
35.What are the limitations of the Per capita income criteria of development?
36. One common development goal among people is_____________.
37. Expand UNDP.

Ch-2 Sectors of the Indian Economy

1. In which sector goods are produced by exploiting natural resources?
2. Which sector covers activities in which natural products are changed into other forms through
ways of manufacturing.
3. Which sector has the largest employer in India?
4. What is MGNERGA/NERGA? In which year it was introduced? State its objectives
5. On which basis, the sectors are classified into public and private sector?
6. Reliance and TISCO are the examples of ___________________ sector.
7. Define GDP.
8. The motive of the Private sector enterprises is _____________.
9. Under employment is a situation where people ________________________.
10. What happens if the government fails to provide 100 days employment under MGNERGA?
11. At the initial stage of development, which sector was given the most important?
12. Which sector contributes highest GDP in India?
13. When we produce goods by exploiting natural resources, in which category of economic
sector such activities come?
14. Suggest any one way to create employment in semi-rural areas.
15. What are secondary activities? Explain with examples.
16. “Tertiary sector activities help in the development of primary and secondary sectors”.
Evaluate the statement.
17. What are Primary activities? Explain with examples.
18. What is GDP? Who is responsible for collecting data for the GDP in India?
19. What is disguised or under unemployment? What are the ways to solve the problem of under
employment? (V.IMP)
(OR)
How far it is correct to say that disguised unemployment can also be called
underemployment? Explain
20. Define organised and unorganised sectors. (V.IMP)
21. Distinguish between the organized and unorganised sector?
22. Distinguish between the public and the private sector.
23. How can employment opportunities be generated in the tourism and information and
technology centres?
24. Why is tertiary sector becoming so important in India? Give at least four reasons.
(OR)
Examine the rising importance of the tertiary sector in India. (V.IMP)
25. Suggest some ways which can be helpful in creating employment in rural areas.
26. What are the advantages of working in an organized sector?
27. Explain the role of government in public sector.
28. Do you agree that agriculture is an activity of the unorganised sector in India? Give any four
points.
29. How can workers in the unorganised sector be protected? Explain.
30. Distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary sector. (V.IMP)
(OR)
Compare the different sectors.
31. How is tertiary sector different from other sectors? Illustrate with a few examples.
32. How far is it correct to say that on recent past, India has experienced some significant
changes in the contribution to GDP by the service sector?
33. How do we count various gods and services? What precautions should be taken while
counting goods and services?
34. ‘Economic activities, though grouped into three different categories, are highly
interdependent.”. Discuss.
35.Explain the role of public sector. Suggest any two ways to improve the working of public
sector or government?
(OR)
How far is it correct to say that several services which cannot be provided by private sector,
can be provided by the public sector?
36. Q. no 5 in NCERT Textbook
37. Ramesh owns a medical shop. He managed the shop with the help of an assistant. Once his
son Mahesh finishes his education, he also joined his father in the medical shop. Now both
Ramesh and Mahesh managed the medical shop with the help of the assistant. Mahesh is
____________________?
38. Why didn’t shift out of primary sector happen in case of employment although there has been
a change in the share of the three sectors in GDP?
39. “There are several things needed by the society as a whole.” In the light of this statement
explain as to who can provide them at a reasonable cost, the private or the public sector and
why?
40. The unorganised sector is characterized by small and scattered units are largely outside the
control of __________________.

Ch-3 Money and Credit

1.Why is modern currency accepted as a medium of exchange without any use of its own? Find
out the reason.
2. How do demand deposits have the essential features of money? Explain.
3. Explain the term debt trap. Why is it more rampart in rural areas? Give two reasons.
4. Define collateral. Why do lenders ask for collateral while lending? (V.IMP)
5. Describe the utility of cheque.
6. Banks paly an important role in economic development of the country. Support the statement
with examples.
7. Write the merits and demerits of formal sector credit in India.
8. Explain the functions of RBI.
9. What is the concept behind the formation of self- help groups? Explain its functioning. State
its advantages (V.IMP)
10. Why is it necessary for banks and cooperatives to extend their lending activities in rural
areas? Explain.
11. Explain the differences between formal and informal sources of credit.
12. Prove with arguments that there is a great need to expand formal sources of credit in rural
India.
13. Define credit. What are the terms of credit? (V.IMP)
14. Why is ‘Rupee’ widely accepted as a medium of exchange? Explain two reasons.
15. Which government body supervises the functioning of formal sources of loans in India?
16. What happens to the money that people deposit in banks?
17. Which are the two main sources of formal loan for rural households?
18. What is a cheque?
19. Define Barter system. (V.IMP)
20. What are the main informal sources if credit for rural households in India?
Ch-4 Globalisation and the Indian Economy
1. ________ has been one of the important factors that has stimulated the globalisation process.
2. Which is a far -reaching change in the policy made in India in 1991? Why did it do so?
3. What is an investment?
4. Define foreign investment.
5. Name any two Indian MNCs.
6. What is Globalisation?
7. State any two objectives of G-20.
8. Liberalisation of trade and investment policies promote globalization. Explain.
9. Explain the factors that have enabled globalization possible.
10. ‘Barriers on foreign trade and foreign investment were removed to a large extent in India
since 1991’. Justify the statement.
11. What is meant by the term MNCs? Describe any four factors that are required to set up
MNCs.
DEMOCRATIC POLITICS
Ch-1 Power Sharing
1.The principle of majoritarianism led to a civil war in _________.
2. Which two languages are generally spoken in Belgium?
3. What is meant by the system of checks and balances?
4. Explain two reasons as to why power sharing is desirable?
5. “Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy”. Justify the statement.
6. What is majoritarianism? Describe any three majoritarian measures adopted by the Sri Lankan
govt to establish Sinhala supremacy.
7. Explain how Belgium was able to solve its ethnic problem.
8. Describe the diverse composition of Sri Lanka.
9. Bring out any two sharp contrasts between Belgium and Sri Lankan democracies.
10. “Sharing of powers makes a country more powerful and united”. Do you agree with this
statement and why?
11. Highlight the measures adopted by the Belgium Constitution for the prevention of conflicts
in Belgium.
12. The Mayor of Merchtem, a town near Brussels in Belgium, has defended a ban on speaking
French in the town’s schools. He said that the ban would help all non-Dutch speakers integrate in
this Flemish town. Do you think this measure is in keeping with the spirit of Belgium’s power
sharing arrangements? Give your reasons in about 50 words.
13. What is the percentage of the population of Belgium lives in the Flemish region?
14. Belgium has worked on the principles of _________________.
15. How many times the constitution of Belgium was amended?
16. Explain the meaning of majoritarianism as practiced in Sri Lanka.
17. Describe the ways in which power can be shared among governments at different levels.
18. Compare the ways in which Belgium and the Sri Lankans have dealt with cultural diversity.
19. Why is the ethnic composition of Belgium complex?
20. Which language was declared as the official language of Sri Lanka by an act passed in 1956?
21. Which of the following is not the form of power sharing?
a) Vertical distribution of power.
b) Horizontal division of power.
c) Division of power between people.
d) Division of power among social groups
22. In which continent is Belgium located?
23. A war-like conflict between two opposite groups within a country is called __________
24. In which year did Sri Lanka achieve its independence?
25. Who elects the community government in Belgium?
26. Differentiate between horizontal and vertical division of powers.
27. Sharing of powers makes a country more powerful and united. Justify the statement.
28. Evaluate the power sharing system in India.
29. Analyse how majoritarianism has increased the feeling of alienation among Sri Lankan
Tamils?
Ch-2 Federalism
1.Define a) Federalism b) Unitary Government c) Coming together federations
d) Holding together federations e) Union Territories f) Coalition Government
g) Residuary power h) Scheduled language i) Decentralisation j) Gram Sabha
k) Linguistic states
2. What are the dual objectives of federalism? Explain
3. Highlight three major distinctions between the federations of ‘coming together’ and holding
together type.
4. How have centre-state relations been restructured to strengthen federalism?
5. Why has federalism succeeded in India? Which were the policies adopted by India that
ensured this success? Explain.
6. Describe any three steps taken to strengthen local self-governments, by the constitutional
amendment 1992.
7. In 1992, a major step towards decentralization was take. A complete structure for rural local
government was created. Explain.
8. Describe the features of federal government.
9. Describe the division of powers divided between state and central governments in India.
10. What makes India a federal country?
11. Explain the advantages of decentralization.
(OR)
Assess the need for local government.

12. What is Gram Sabha? Describe any four functions of a Gram Sabha.
13. In Panchayati Raj system, one-third of the seats have been reserved for women. Do you feel
that the same should be done for state legislature and the parliament? Support your answer with
arguments.
14. Which two languages have been identified as the official languages?
15. Critically analyse the centre-state relations prior to 1990 and after.
16. Mention any four difficulties of the local government in India.
17. What are the advantages of local governments?
18. Explain two achievements and two difficulties of the local self-governments in India.
19. Explain the major key features of federalism.
20. India is a federal country. Explain by giving examples.
(OR)
Explain the three -fold distribution of legislative powers between the Union and state
Governments.
21. Why are linguistic states created? What are their advantages?
22. Describe the division of power between the states and centre? Explain with examples
23. Explain the language policy of Indian federal. How is it different from Sri Lanka?
24. “Do you take decentralization as a mean to minimize the conflicts”. Give your view point.
25. How has the third tier of government in our country made more effective and powerful by the
Constitutional Amendment of 1992?
Ch-3 Gender, Religion and Caste
1.What are the feminist movements? What were their demands?
2. Mention the problem of ‘Casteism’ in Indian politics.
3. “Gender division is not based on biology but on social expectations and stereotypes.” Support
the statement.
4. Could you think of some reasons why women’s representation is so low in India?
5.Mention three forms in which communalism is expressed in politics. Describe the solution
provided by the constitution framers of India to meet this challenge.
6. Examine the standard of women’s representation in India’s legislative bodies.
7. “It is not politics that gets caste-ridden, it is the caste that gets politicized.” Explain.
8. “Communalism can take various forms in politics.” Explain. (V.IMP)
9. How are religious differences expressed in politics?
10. Refer textbook Pg.no: 41 (Perceptions of Ideal women). Discuss all those perceptions of
ideal women that prevail in our society. Do you agree with any of these? If not, what is your
image of an ideal woman?
11. “Secularism is not an ideology of some political parties or persons, but it is one of the
foundations of our country.” Examine the statement.
12. The focus on caste in politics can sometimes give an impression that elections are all about
caste and nothing else. Do you agree? Explain.
13. The Women’s Reservation Bill (2010) has proposed to reserve ___ of all seats in the Lok
Sabha.
14. Very Short Questions a) Sexual division of labor b) Feminist c) Patriarchal
Society d) Family Laws e) Communalism f) Secularism/Secular State
g) Hereditary occupational division h) Occupational mobility i) Caste hierarchy
j) Vote bank
15. Mention any three features of ‘secularism ‘described in the Indian constitution.
16. Describe any three factors that are responsible for breaking down the caste system in India.
(OR)
Why are caste barriers breaking down in India? Explain with three reasons.
(OR)
Literacy and urbanization combined with economic growth have changed the value system if
Indian society. Explain with reference to India’s social problems. (V.IMP)
17. How far is it correct to say that it is not politics that gets caste ridden, but is the caste that
gets politicised? Explain.
18. In India, women still lag behind men despite some improvement since independence. Support
the statement with examples. (V.IMP)
(OR)
“Our society is still a male dominated society.” Explain the statement with the help pf
examples.
19. Describe any five features of the caste system in India.
20. The focus on caste in politics can sometimes give an impression that elections are all about
caste and nothing else. Do you agree? Explain.
21. Describe the different ways in which the women are discriminated in the Indian society?
22. Why are caste barriers breaking down in India? Explain with three reasons.
Ch-4 Political Parties
1. Which of the following countries has two party system?
i) United States of America ii) United Kingdom iii) India iv) China
a) Only (i) and (ii) b) Only (ii) and (iii)
c) Only (iii) and (iv) d) All the above
Ans. Option (a).
2. Which country has multiparty system?
A) India
3. A party that secures at least ______ % of the total votes in Lok Sabha election or Assembly
election in four states and win at least _______ seats in the Lok Sabha is recognized as a
National Party
A) 6%, 4
4. In which country does ‘Shiv Sena’ exist as a regional political party?
A) Maharashtra
5. In which country does ‘Rashtriya Lok Dal’ exist as a regional political party?
A) Uttar Pradesh.
6. Which of the following is/are National Party/ies in India?
i) Indian National Congress ii) Aam Aadmi Party
iii) Bharatiya Janata Party iv) National People’s Party
a) Only (i) and (iii) b) Only (ii) and (iv)
c) Only (i) and (ii) d) All the above
Ans. Option (d).
7. How are political parties recognized as Reginal and National Parties in India? Explain with
examples.
8. Analyse the three components of a Political Party.
9. Describe the functions of political parties in a democratic government.
10. Why can’t modern democracies exist without the political parties? Explain reasons.
11. What is meant by ‘Defection’ in a democracy? Explain
12. Explain the growing role of money and muscle power among political parties during
elections.
13. “Serious efforts were made by the legal organisations to reform political parties I India”.
Support the statement.
14. Illustrate the situations which display lack of internal democracy within a political party.
15. Suggest and explain five ways to reform political parties in India.
16. Suggest ways to promote public participation in political parties for enhancing the quality of
democracy.
17. Name the national party which gets inspiration from India’s ancient culture and values.
Mention any two features of that party.
18. What is a political party?
19. Why is one party political system not considered a good democratic system?
20. Define Coalition and Alliance
21. Examine the role of opposition in a democracy.
22. What are the major challenges faced by the political parties in the present era? Explain
23. Explain some measures to strengthen the electoral system in India.
24. Differentiate between Ruling party and Opposition Party.
25. Identify the following political parties as national or regional political parties.
a) National Conference
b) Shiromani Akalidal
c) DMK
d) Nationalist Congress Party
e) Bharatiya Janata Party
f) Shiv Sena
g) Forward Block
h) Janata Dal (U)
i) Rashtirya Janata Dal
j) Samajwadi Party
A. a) National Conference – Regional Party
b) Shiromani Akalidal -Regional Party
c) DMK - Regional Party
d) Nationalist Congress Party – National Party
e) Bharatiya Janata Party – National Party
f) Shiv Sena - Regional Party
g) Forward Block - Regional Party
h) Janata Dal (U) - Regional Party
i) Rashtirya Janata Dal - Regional Party
j) Samajwadi Party - Regional Party
 Ch-5 Outcomes of Democracy
1.How is democracy accountable and responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens?
Analyse
2. “Democracy is a better form of government than any other form of government.” Justify the
statement.
3. “Democratic government is legitimate government.” Support the statement with arguments.
4. Do democracies lead to peaceful and harmonious life among citizens? Clarify.
5. Democracies are not appearing to be very successful in reducing economic inequalities.
Analyse the statement.
6. Democracy is based on the idea of deliberation and negotiation. Examine the statement.
7. “Respect and equal treatment of women are necessary ingredients of a democratic society.
Examine the statement.
8. A democratic government is efficient and effective. Analyse the statement.
9. Define transparency.
10. How can you say that democracy is based on political equality?
11. What are the two weakness of democratic form of government?
12. Very short Questions: a) Democracy b) Transparency c) Accountable
d) Responsive e) Legitimate
13. “Non -democratic rulers can be very quick and efficient in decision making and
implementation.” Do you think with this feature of non-democratic government is a better
government than other government? Explain
14. How do democratic governments ensure transparency? Explain.
15. How poverty is a major challenge to democracy? Explain.
16. Democracy is seen to be good in principles but not so good in practice. Explain.
17. Most distinctive fact about democracy is that its examination never gets over. Explain the
statement.
18. Economic development depends on several factors along with democracy. Name them. What
is the relationship between democracy and economic development when we compare it with
non-democratic regime.
19. Why is democracy not considered simply a rule of majority. Explain.
20. “Democracy stands much superior to any other form of government promoting dignity and
freedom of the individual.” Justify the statement.
21. What outcomes can one reasonably expect of democracies?
22. What are the two major conditions in order to achieve accommodation of social diversity?

Geography
Ch-1 Resources and Development
1. Suggest any two ways to check land degradation.
2. Which soil is ideal for growing cotton?
3. What is net area sown? What % of total area is under net sown area in India?
4. How are mining activities responsible for land degradation in Jharkhand?
5. What is the role of humans in resource development?
6. “India has enormous diversity in the availability of resources”. Explain.
7. Which geographical factors are responsible for the evolution of black soil? Why is it
considered the most suitable for growing cotton?
8. Very short Questions a) Resources b) Stock c) Sustainable
Development d) Agenda 21 e) Culturable waste land f) Net sown area
g) Gross cropped area h) Red and Yellow soil i) Leaching j) Sheet Erosion
k) Gullies l) Strip cropping m) Shelter Belts
9. Mention three problems that are associated with the indiscriminate use of resources.
10. Discuss the purpose of Rio de Janerio Earth Summit and what was its outcome?
11. “Resource planning process is a complex process.” Justify the statement with arguments.
12.What are the main advantages if India’s land under a variety of relief features?
13. Distinguish between Khadar and Bhangar soil.
14. Describe any three main characteristics of arid soil of India.
15. What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?
16. “In India. Some regions are rich in certain types of resources but deficient in some other
resources”. Do you agree with the statement? Support your answer with three examples and what
can be done to overcome this limitation?
17. Suggest any six measures to solve the problem of land degradation in various states of India.
18. Trace the features of alluvial soil with reference to its formation, area, classification and
containing minerals.
19.Give the characteristics of the soil used for growing cotton. List the areas in India where this
soil is found?
20, How is land a natural resource of utmost importance? Explain with four facts.
21. What is soil conservation? Suggest the measures of soil conservation.
22.” Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries”.
Support the statement with examples.
23. “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed”. Explain the essence of
the statement.
24. Describe the different steps of ‘resource planning’.
25. Discuss the factors responsible for land degradation in India.
26. Which is the most widespread relief feature of India? A) Plains
27.Explain the role of human in resource development.
28.” Human activities have contributed significantly in land degradation.” Justify the statement
with three examples.

Ch-2 Forest and Wildlife

1. Short Questions a) Bio diversity b) JFM c) Factors of land degradation
2. How are forests classified under different categories? Explain with examples.
3. When was the Indian Wildlife Protection Act implemented? Describe its main objectives.
(5m)
4. Nature worship is an old- age belief. Explain how it helped in the conservation of forest and
wildlife?
5. Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife? Explain any two steps taken by the
government to protect forest and wildlife resources.
6. How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna? Explain with three
examples.
7. Describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India.
8. What are the main objectives of JFM?
9. Project Tiger (5/3m)
10. Write any three effective practices towards conserving forests and wildlife adopted by the
Indian government.

Ch-3 Water Resources

1. What is a multipurpose project?
2. “Water is very important and critical resource in India.”. Support the statement by explaining
any three points.
3. Why are different water harvesting systems considered a viable alternative both socio-
economically and environmentally in a country like India?
4. Describe the process of roof top rain water harvesting.
5. Explain any four reasons responsible for water scarcity in India.
6. Why there is an urgent need to conserve and manage water resources? Mention three reasons.
7. Give any four objectives of multipurpose projects.
8. “In recent years, multi- purpose projects and large dams are under great scrutiny”. Give
reasons. (dis advantages)
9. Discuss how is rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan carried out.
10. Name any two movements that have been started to oppose multipurpose projects. Who are
benefitted from such projects.
11. “Need of the hour is to conserve and manage our water resources.” Mention any four
reasons. Suggest any two ways to conserve water.
12. What role di kuls or Guls of the Western Himalayas and Khadin and Johads in parts of
Rajasthan paly? Describe.
13. What is bamboo drip irrigation? Mention any two features of it.
14. Write the features of the Tankas built in the house of Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer.
15. Explain three methods of traditional rain water harvesting techniques in India.
16. How have the growing population, industrialization and urbanization led to water scarcity?
Explain.
17. Explain the qualitative and quantitative aspects of water scarcity.
18. Why should we conserve of our water resources? Mention three reasons.
19. Very Short Questions: a) Water Scarcity b) Jal Jeevan Mission c) Multipurpose
projects. d) Dam e) Narmada Bachao Andolan f) Rain water harvesting
g) Guls or Kuls h)Khadins and Johads i) Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting
j) Bamboo drip irrigation system
20. Why did Jawaharlal Nehru proclaim the dams as the ‘temples of modern India’.? Explain any
three reasons.
21. Describe the hydraulic structures made in ancient India.
Ch-4 Agriculture
1. What is commercial farming?
2. What term describes the system of agriculture where a single crop is grown on a large area?
3. Irrigation has changed the cropping pattern of many regions in India. Analyse the statement.
4. Explain rice cultivation in India under the following heads:
a) Temperature b) Rainfall c) Agricultural season d) Major producing areas
5. Name any four oilseeds produced in India. What is their economic importance?
6. Explain rubber cultivation in India under the following heads:
a) Importance b) Geographical conditions c) Any two rubber producing states.
7. Hari owns a farm in U.P. He wishes to cultivate either jute or sugarcane. He shall cultivate
which crop out of these two keeping in mind the conditions required for their growth. Explain.
8. Describe the technological reforms taken by the Indian government in the field of agriculture.
9. What are the differences between subsistence and commercial farming?
10. Why is agriculture called the backbone of Indian economy? Explain.
11. Mention the geographical conditions required for the growth of cotton along with any four
cotton producing states.
12. Why is the growth rate in agriculture decelerating? How did the government of India make
efforts to modernize agriculture? Explain.
13. Explain any five features of Indian agriculture.
14. Describe the conditions required for the cultivation of tea. Name two major tea-producing
states of India.
15. Name the two most important staple food crops in India. Mane the states where they are
produced. Write the geographical conditions required for their growth.
16. Wat is known as ‘Golden Fibre’? Where is it grown in India and why? Describe various uses
of this fibre.
17. Discuss the geographical conditions required for the growth of wheat. (3m)
18.” India is an agrarian economy. This can be seen in the different cropping seasons of India.”
Explain the different cropping seasons in India.
19.List some factors that have contributed to the growth of Rabi crops. (2m)
20. Enlist the various institutional and technical reforms brought by the government to improve
the condition of Indian agriculture.
21.Describe the importance of globalization on Indian agriculture.
22. What are coarse grains? Why are they important in India? Name the crops which are
included in this category and name the leading states producing each of these crops.
23. Name the three cropping seasons of India. Write their sowing and harvesting time and major
crops of each season.
24.Write main characteristics of Primitive Subsistence Farming.
25. What is Plantation farming? Describe its characteristics.
26. a) Name any two important pulse-producing states.
b) State the importance of pulses crop.
c) Why the pulses are mostly grown in rotation with other crops?

Ch-5 Minerals and Energy Resources

1. Which rock consists of a single mineral?
2. Which non-conventional sources of energy is harnessed in the Parvathi valley near manikaran
in Himachal Pradesh?
3. Name the low -grade coal.
4. What are the various modes of occurrence of minerals?
5. Define ferrous and non-ferrous minerals.
6. What is an Iron-ore? What types of iron-ore are present in India? Mention the iron ore belts in
India.
7. Write about a) Bauxite b) Copper c) Manganese d) Coal e) Mica
8. List out the hazards of mining.
9. What are energy resources? Write about a) Petroleum b) Natural Gas c) Electricity
d) Solar Energy e) Wind Energy f) Geothermal Energy
10. How is coal used in the generation of electricity. Write a note on the different types of coal in
India.
11. Differentiate between conventional and non-conventional energy sources.
12. How can we conserve energy?
13. Name the best quality /variety of iron-ore found in India.
14. Why is copper mainly used in electrical cables and electronic industries?
15. Why are there a wide range of colours, hardness, crystal forms, lustre and density found in
minerals?
16. Why is conservation of mineral resources essential? Explain any three reasons.
17. Differentiate between ferrous and non-ferrous minerals.
18. Describe the distribution of coal in India.
19.Why do you think that solar Energy has a bright future in India?
20. Minerals occur in different forms. Analyse.
21. Explain the properties and distribution of Mica.
22.Geothermal Power is the alternative to conventional sources of energy. Discuss.
23. There is a pressing need to use renewable energy resources. Justify the statement with
suitable arguments.
24.Highlight the importance of petroleum. Explain the occurrence of petroleum in India.
25. Minerals are indispensable part of our lives. Support the statement with examples.
26.In present day energy crisis, what steps will you like to take for saving energy?
27. Describe ay three features of ferrous minerals found in India.

Ch-6 Manufacturing Industries

1.Describe the importance of manufacturing industries as the backbone of economic
development of the country.
2. Explain with examples the interdependence of agriculture and industries.
3. Classify industries on the basis of raw material. How are they different from each other?
4. Explain the factors which are responsible for location of industries.
5. Distinguish between agro- based and mineral based industries.
6. Why does Chotanagpur plateau region have the maximum concentration of iron and steel
industries? Analyse the reason.
7. Describe any three major problems faced by cotton textile industry in India.
8. Mention any six factors responsible for the location of jute mills in the Hugli basin.
9. How are industries responsible for environmental degradation in India? Explain with
examples.
10. Define manufacturing.
11. Why is iron and steel industry called the basic industry?
12. Which city is known as the Electronic capital of India?
13. In what ratio are iron ore, coking coal and limestone required to make steel?
14. The first cement plant was setup in India in 1904 in ________________ (Chennai).
15. Which industry is the largest consumer of chemicals?
16. Which one of the following group of states have the largest number of cotton textile centres?
17. Most of the integrated steel plants in India are located in ______. (Chota Nagpur plateau).
18. Short Questions (2m)
 a) National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC)
b) Agglomeration Economies
c) Basic Industries
d)Joint Sector venture
e) Particulate matter
f) Electrostatic Precipitator
g) Fabric filter
h) Scrubber
i) Inertial separator
19. Industrialisation and urbanization go hand in hand. Explain.
20. Explain any three/ all factors responsible for the location of cotton textile industry in
Maharashtra and Gujarat.
21. Though India produces a large amount of cotton, the prices of cotton textiles are beyond the
reach of the common man? Give reasons.
22. What are the challenges faced by the Jute textile industry?
23. Why is sugar industry ideally suited to the cooperative sector?
24. Analyse any three major challenges faced by the sugar industry in India?
25. Distinguish between an integrated steel plant and a mini-steel plants stating three points of
distinction.
26. Industrial unit causes air pollution. Explain.
27. How can industrial pollution of fresh water be reduced? Explain various ways.
28. What is the contribution of industries to national economy of India? Compare this
contribution with east Asian countries. What is the desired growth and present position of
industry in GDP?
29. Explain five factors affecting the localization of industries with suitable examples.
30. Why does the textile industry occupy an important position in the Indian economy. Explain.
31. What are mineral based industries. Explain.