1.
B
Mouse
2.
C
Motor Processes
3.
D
Humidity
Why: Humidity directly affects the rate of evaporation of
sweat from the skin. Higher humidity levels reduce the
ability of sweat to evaporate, leading to discomfort. In
contrast, lower humidity allows for faster evaporation,
which cools the body more efficiently. Air velocity also
plays a role, but humidity has a more direct impact on
evaporation rates.
4.
C
Interval
Why: The interval scale has units of equal size and
allows for the measurement of the difference between
values. It is appropriate for temperature because the
difference between degrees is the same throughout the
scale, but it does not have a true zero (e.g., the Celsius
and Fahrenheit scales).
5.
A
Primary data
Why: Primary data is data collected firsthand by the
researcher for a specific purpose. In this case, the
designer is directly gathering measurements from people
at the clinic, which qualifies as primary data. Secondary
data would be data collected by someone else and then
used by the designer.
6.
C
A combination of a range of sizes and adjustability
7.
A
8.
D
Comfort
9.
B
50th Percentile
10.
D
I, II and III
11.
D
The colour of the seat
Why: The color of the seat is more of an aesthetic
consideration than an ergonomic one. Ergonomic
considerations focus on how the seat supports comfort,
health, and ease of use, such as the force needed to
adjust the seat, the dimensions, and the material’s feel (to
a lesser extent). The texture of the fabric could be related
to comfort, which ties into ergonomics.
12.
C
Suitable for the 50th percentile
13.
A
Dynamic Data
Why: refers to measurements taken when the body is in
motion, such as when reaching for controls, operating
pedals, or adjusting mirrors. This data helps designers
understand the range of movement a driver needs to
interact comfortably and efficiently with the car's interior
controls.
14.
D
5th-95th percentile
Why: When designing a mass-produced product, the goal
is to accommodate the majority of the population. The 5th
- 95th percentile range includes 90% of users, making it
the best option for most people. This range ensures that
the design works well for almost everyone, excluding only
those at the extremes (very small or very large
individuals), which is common in mass production.
15.
D
Ordinal Scale
16.
C
Primary Anthropometric Data
Why: refers to data collected firsthand for a
specific purpose. It is original and has not
been previously gathered. This type of data
can include measurements of body
dimensions relevant to ergonomic design and
is essential when existing data is insufficient
or unavailable.
17.
B
Observation
18.
A
Mechanical Advantage keyword/levers
19.
D
Comfort and Fatigue
20.
A+C
Quantitative and Qualitative Primary
Qualitative a better answer
21.
A
Ordinal
22.
B
Increased heart and decreased performance
23.
C
5th percentile
24.
B
I and III
25.
C
Crank length
26.
C
95th percentile
Why: is a common practice for ensuring comfort and accessibility for
larger users
27.
A
Clearance
Why: refers to the physical space or distance
between two objects, which is crucial in design
to ensure safety, accessibility, and usability. It
helps in preventing collisions and allowing for
comfortable movement.
28.
D
Ordinal
29.
D
Central processes
30.
B
Biomechanical factors
Why: encompass the physical aspects of human performance,
including muscle strength, age, coordination, and other physical
capabilities. Designers consider these factors to create products and
environments that accommodate users' physical abilities and
limitations, ensuring safety and comfort.
31.
C
Alertness
Why: refers to the state of being aware of and attentive to one’s
surroundings, which includes noticing changes, potential dangers, and
other important stimuli in the environment. It involves a readiness to
respond to what is happening around you.
32 a)
Clearance:
Refers to the space between two objects ✓
There must be sufficient space between the driver and the steering wheel
(accept indicators, levers, switches, controls) ✓
To ensure the driver can effectively operate/get in and out of the seat/bus
✓
Reach:
Refers to the range that a person can stretch/move to touch/grasp an
object from a specified position ✓
The driver must be able to reach the steering wheel/surrounding
instruments from the cockpit ✓
Without it affecting their ability to safely operate/maintain control of the bus
✓
Adjustability:
Refers to the ability of a product to change in size/increase the range of
percentiles that a product is appropriate for ✓
The driver’s seat needs to be adjusted to the correct height and distance
from the steering wheel for different sized drivers ✓
To enable them to comfortably operate the steering wheel/instruments/bus
✓
Award [1] for each of three distinct points in an explanation of how the
design of the driver’s cockpit of a Routemaster bus considers clearance,
reach and adjustability.
Mark as [3] + [3] + [3].
Answer in brackets is not required to award the mark.
9 marks
Topic 1.1
33 a)
(the application of scientific information concerning) the relationship
between human beings/users to the design of
products/systems/environments ✓
Award [1] for a correct definition of ergonomics up to [1 max].
Answer in brackets is not required to award the mark
1 mark
Topic 1.1
b)
biomechanics considers human mechanics/movement ✓
taking into account strength of the user/type of force required/the
operations of the controls of a car ✓
Award [1] for identifying a reason why biomechanics used in car design
and [1] for a brief explanation up to [2 max].
2 marks
Topic 1.3
c)
percentile ranges account for people that come in different shapes and
sizes/5th-95th percentile ✓
for safety/comfort/adjustability ✓
Award [1] for identifying a reason why different percentile ranges are used
in car design and [1] for a brief explanation up to [2 max].
2 marks
Topic 1.1
d)
dynamic data considers the user in motion in the car ✓
operating a car must consider clearance/reach of the controls ✓
Award [1] for identifying a reason why dynamic data is used in car design
and [1] for a brief explanation up to [2 max].
2 marks
Topic 1.1
e)
psychological factor data relates to texture/sound/light/temperature/smell ✓
which are used to consider the design of the car's
materials/noise/lighting/windows/ventilation ✓
Award [1] for identifying one way in which the psychological factor data
can influence the design of the car and [1] for a brief explanation up to [2
max].
Answer in brackets is not required to award the mark
Do not accept ‘colour’
2 marks
Topic 1.2
