THE PHILIPPINES
APAYAO
NDPBA PROVINCE PROFILE
©2021 Pacific Disaster Center
PROVINCIAL PROFILE
THE PHILIPPINES
APAYAO
CAPITAL: KABUGAO
Area: 4,502 km2
Apayao is located on the northern tip of Luzon island within the Cordillera mountains.
The province is subdivided into two geographically separate regions referred to
as the Upper and Lower Apayao. The total area of Apayao makes it the largest
province in the region. Though the land area of Apayao is large the population
density is low. There are 100,000 residents spread over an area of 4,400km²,
which makes Apayao the least-densely populated province in the Philippines.
Most of the land in Apayao is used for farmlands, but also noted for its
abundance of trees and possibilities for tourism. The province is highly
exposed to typhoons and earthquakes with other hazards including flooding
and landslides also exposing large portions of the population.
RISK AND VULNERABILITY
COMPONENT SCORE
MULTI-HAZARD RISK (MHR) - Low Population (2018)
Score: 0.480 • Rank: 57/84
121,817
RESILIENCE (R) - Medium Population in Poverty
Score: 0.561 • Rank: 45/84 16.0%
Literate population
MULTI-HAZARD EXPOSURE (MHE) - Low
Score: 0.562 • Rank: 55/84 96.5%
Access to improved water
VULNERABILITY (V) - Medium –
Score: 0.454 • Rank: 39/84
Average life expectancy
COPING CAPACITY (CC) - High 67.4 years
Score: 0.577 • Rank: 29/84
*For more information on data and components please visit: https://bit.ly/2LqVoUO
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PROVINCIAL PROFILE
MULTI-HAZARD EXPOSURE (MHE)
MHE
RANK: 55 / 84 PROVINCES
0.562
SCORE: 0.562
Raw MHE
0.321
Relative MHE
0.802
ESTIMATED POPULATION AND CAPITAL EXPOSED TO EACH HAZARD:
Earthquake Tsunami
100% –
121,817 –
$617.9 Million –
Flood Liquefacton
36% 40%
43,643 49,018
$270.5 Million $319.7 Million
Landslide Volcano
37% <1%
44,550 251
$209.6 Million $1.4 Million
Drought Wildfire
79% <1%
96,655 242
$488.8 Million $879,553
Storm Surge Typhoon Winds
– 100%
– 121,817
– $617.9 Million
National Disaster Preparedness Baseline Assessment: Philippines 75
PROVINCIAL PROFILE
RANK: 39 / 84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
VULNERABILITY (V) SCORE: 0.454
Vulnerability in Apayao is primarily driven by Environmental Stress and Information Access
Vulnerability. The bar chart indicates the socioeconomic themes contributing to the province’s overall
Vulnerability score.
Environmental Stress
0 1 SCORE: 0.595 RANK: 18/84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
1.38 40.36 -2.42%
Livestock Barren land (per Forest cover
density 10k hectares) change
Vulnerable Health Status
0 1 SCORE: 0.535 RANK: 18/84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
10.3% 4.16 128 67.35 548
Malnutrition Infant mortality Maternal Life expectancy Disability (per
among children rate (per 1k live mortality rate 100k persons)
(0 to 5 years old) births) (per 100k live
births)
14.6 0 4.1 2.4
Tuberculosis HIV mortality Intestinal Other
mortality rate rate (per 100k disease mortality arthropod-
(per 100k persons) rate (per 100k borne viral
persons) persons) fevers and viral
hemorrhagic
fever mortality
rate (per 100k
persons)
Clean Water Vulnerability
0 1 SCORE: 0.53 RANK: 22/84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
– 77.1%
Households with Households with
improved safe sanitary toilet
water source facility
Information Access Vulnerability
0 1 SCORE: 0.564 RANK: 19/84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
96.50% 122.41% 1.60% 57.31% 41.75%
Literacy rate Gross primary Internet Access Households Households
(age 10 and school with radio with television
older) enrollment rate
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PROVINCIAL PROFILE
Economic Constraints
0 1 SCORE: 0.355 RANK: 48/84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
0.58 15.96%
Economic Poverty
dependency incidence
ratio
Gender Inequality
0 1 SCORE: 0.31 RANK: 68/84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
1.02 0.48
Female to male Labor force
secondary school participation ratio
enrollment Rate
Population Pressures
0 1 SCORE: 0.29 RANK: 78/84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
1.08 1.3%
Population Average annual Informal settlers
growth rate urban population
(2010-2015) growth rate
National Disaster Preparedness Baseline Assessment: Philippines 77
PROVINCIAL PROFILE
RANK: 29 / 84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
COPING CAPACITY (CC) SCORE: 0.577
Apayao exhibits weaker Coping Capacity in the areas of Transportation Capacity and Communications Capacity. The bar
chart indicates the socioeconomic themes contributing to the province’s overall Coping Capacity score.
Economic Capacity
0 1 SCORE: 0.841 RANK: 3/84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
0.89 76.13% 6380.24
Purchasing power of Labor force Local government annual
the peso participation rate regular income per capita
(Philippine Peso)
Governance
0 1 SCORE: 0.448 RANK: 75/84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
81.8% 4.09 2.26%
Voter participation Organized Garbage pickup
violence (per
100k persons)
Environmental Capacity
0 1 SCORE: 0.495 RANK: 25/84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
0.84 60.1%
Protected areas Forest reserves
(per 1k ha)
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Infrastructure Capacity
0 1 SCORE: 0.47 RANK: 62/84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
Health Care Capacity SCORE: 0.65 RANK: 10/84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
14.74 5.37 62.76% 7.54
Hopital beds Physicians per Vaccination Average distance to nearest
(per 10k people) 10,000 people coverage hospital (km)
Transportation Capacity SCORE: 0.147 RANK: 84/84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
0.30 39.2
Road density Average distance to
(km per sq. km) nearest port (km)
Communications Capacity SCORE: 0.299 RANK: 78/84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
0.7% 72.9%
Households with a landline Mobile coverage
Energy Capacity SCORE: 0.403 RANK: 69/84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
57.5% 11.3%
Households with electricity Households with gas
Emergency Services Capacity SCORE: 0.849 RANK: 5/84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
124.3 5.78 4.95
Evacuation centers Fire Stations Fire Trucks
(per 100k persons) (per 100k persons) (per 100k persons)
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PROVINCIAL PROFILE
RESILIENCE (R) RANK: 45 / 84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
SCORE: 0.561
Apayao’s score and ranking are due to Medium Vulnerability combined with High Coping Capacity
scores.
Below are the four thematic areas with the weakest relative scores:
Environmental Information Access Transportation Communications
Stress Vulnerability Capacity Capacity
HAZARD-SPECIFIC RISK (HSR)
Earthquake RANK: 51 / 84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
SCORE: 0.244
Tsunami RANK: 54 / 84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
SCORE: 0
Flood RANK: 60 / 84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
SCORE: 0.118
Liquefaction RANK: 52 / 84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
SCORE: 0.15
Landslide RANK: 32 / 84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
SCORE: 0.252
Volcano RANK: 60 / 84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
SCORE: 0.064
Drought RANK: 23 / 84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
SCORE: 0.331
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PROVINCIAL PROFILE
(HAZARD-SPECIFIC RISK CONTINUED)
Wildfire RANK: 57 / 84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
SCORE: 0.053
Storm Surge RANK: 70 / 84 PROVINCES ASSESSED
SCORE: 0
Typhoon Winds RANK: 49 / 84 PROVINCES8ASSESSED
SCORE: 0.254
MULTI-HAZARD RISK (MHR)
57 / 84
RANK WITHIN PROVINCES
Score: 0.480
Apayao’s score and ranking are due to Low Multi-hazard exposure combined with Medium Vulnerability
and High Coping Capacity scores.
Multi-hazard risk component scores compared
to overall average country scores:
PROVINCE SCORE
COUNTRY SCORE
Multi-Hazard Exposure
0.562
0.597
Vulnerability
0.454
0.443
Coping Capacity
0.577
0.545
National Disaster Preparedness Baseline Assessment: Philippines 81
PROVINCIAL PROFILE
APAYAO RECOMMENDATIONS
1
Environmental Stress
• Continue efforts to improve environmental conditions in Apayao. Use policies, programs and
incentives to enhance forestry protections, reforestation, and sustainable agricultural practices.
• Apayao is highly exposed to drought and flood haza ds. Provide resources and promote
sustainable agricultural practices, from growing local crops that are drought resistant to using
organic fertilizers.
2
Information Access Vulnerability
• Increase efforts to expand communication capacity and engage communities in Apayao to
determine ways to best disseminate public information. Many households lack access to
household amenities including internet, television and radio leading to the need for alternate
forms of communication. Investing in siren-based notifications and inc eased access to
communication technologies in homes will increase resilience in Apayao.
3
Transportation Capacity
• Apayao has low road density (0.31 kilometers per square kilometer) and a high average distance
to ports and airports (39.2 kilometers). Continue airport and road enhancement projects
through private-public partnerships. Advocate for transportation network projects through the
Department of Public Works to increase evacuation and resource distribution routes, increased
access to markets and enhanced social connectivity.
• Civil planners should work with risk assessors to establish resilient transportation network plans.
Incorporating environmental mitigation plans, equitable access for the population and hazard
exposures.
• Ensure that emergency evacuation routes and plans include all transportation projects. Work
with partners including HOTOSM and others to ensure mapping of new routes and resources are
readily available in the event of a disaster.
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4
Communications Capacity
• In Apayao only 73% of barangays report having cell signal, which is the 11th lowest in the
Philippines. Additionally, less than 1% of households reported having access to landlines.
The population of Apayao is also highly exposed to typhoons, earthquakes, floods and
landslides. Invest in communications infrastructure that is reinforced to withstand hazards
and adds redundancy to the communication network.
• Findings show that the population of Apayao are also vulnerable due to limitations
in access to information. Improvements to communications infrastructure should be
paralleled by increased households’ access to telecommunication devices. Expand private
and public partnerships in the meantime to plan emergency communications.
National Disaster Preparedness Baseline Assessment: Philippines 83
Better solutions.
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