Republic of the Philippines

Professional Regulation Commission

2006 Mock Foresters Licensure Examination
6, 7, 8 June 2006
Manila, Baguio, Cagayan, Davao City

FOREST RESOURCE UTILIZATION

Set A

1. The property of paper to absorb light, important for book and

newsprint paper.
A. brightness C. folding E. absorption
endurance
B. permanence D. opacity

2. Browning of the surfaces of lumber during kiln drying.

A. machine burn C. charring E. oven burn
B. kiln burn D. Brownian
movement

3. A condition existing in wood in which as a result of drying,

the surface becomes set in an expanded condition and is in
tension and the center in compression.
A. casehardening C. honeycomb E. tension-
compression ratio
B. reverse D. drying stress
casehardening

4. Veneer may be cut in several ways. The most popular method of

veneer preparation accounting for almost 90% of all veneer
cut is:
A. sawing C. rotary cutting E. cone cutting
B. slicing D. stay lag cutting

5. In having coconut trunks into lumber the most efficient type

of bandsaw blade that could be used is:
A. alternated C. stellite-tipped E. none of the
swaged sawhead saw blade above
B. all-swage saw D. tungsten
blade carbide-tipped
blades

6. “Lawanit”, a trade name of locally manufacture board

technically classified as:

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 A. Particleboard C. Cardboard E. plyboard
B. Fiberboard D. Laminated board

7. The thermal capacity of wood is called

A. specific heat C. flammability E. BTU
B. heating value D. kindling flame

8. The effective distance between the knife and nosebar edges

in veneer cutting is called:
A. nosebar C. nosebar width E. knife angle
compression
B. nosebar depth D. nosebar opening

9. For exterior or marine plywood, the glue most commonly used

is:
A. starch glue C. animal glue E. synthetic resin
glue
B. casein clue D. blood glue

10. One characteristic of mechanical pulping is:

A. it produces pulp which are generally used for high
quality paper
B. the wood is first converted into chips before further
processing
C. it produces pulp which are generally used for cheaper
grades of paper
D. the pulp yield is very low

11. The term “naval stores” as used in wood utilization refers

to:
A. establishment engaged in the trading of products for ship
building
B. chemicals used in bleaching pulp
C. spent liquor in the sulfate pulping process
D. rosin, turpentine, oils, tar and pitch produced from
oleoresin.
12. Pitch problem is of common occurrence in paper manufacture.
Pitch are actually made up of:
A. resinous extractives of C. liquefied materials
the wood
B. hemicellulose component D. cell elements
of the wood originating from the
center of the wood.

13. In glue spreading, the portions applied with glue are:

A. both faces of the core veneer

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 B. the faces of the back and face veneer in contact with
core veneer
C. one portion each of the face and back veneers and both
faces of the core
D. dependent on the condition prevailing in the plant

14. The minimum volume of a given piece of wood is obtained at:

A. fiber saturation C. ovendry
point condition
B. green condition D. 12% moisture
content

15. Some species of wood float in water. The reason for this is
that:
A. a large portion of the volume of the wood species is
occupied by cell cavities and voids
B. the species contains large quantities of extractives
which are water soluble
C. the specific gravity of wood is high
D. a large portion of the wood volume is occupied by thick
walled cells

16. Which of the following statement is true regarding paper

making:
A. paper making usually begins with bleaching
B. the sheet of the paper is formed in fourdrinier wire
C. the pulp solution that is placed in the headbox contains
70% water and 30% fiber
D. decrease the strength of very fiber

17. The chief use of Manila copal is in the:

A. manufacture of C. preparation of E. outer covering
high grade viscose rayon of golf balls
varnish
B. manufacture of D. preparation of
leather dissolving pulp

18. The main basis for determining the quality of the solid
residue produced during destructive distillation is the:
A. hydrogen content C. fixed carbon E. color of the
content residue
B. amount of D. fixed nitrogen
volatile materials content

19. One distinct advantage of bandsaw over circular saw is:

A. the installation cost is generally lower
B. it requires less space of saw filling operation

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 C. it requires less skilled sawyers
D. the waste produce in the form of sawdust is comparatively
less.

20. In grading, logs to be graded shall be fresh cut, straight,

cylindrical, straight-grained with well-buck ends. This rule
is true for which of the grades:
A. Peeler grades C. Peeler, veneer and E. veneer
only sawlog grades grades only
B. Peeler, and D. Veneer and sawlog
veneer grades grades

21. Which of the following statements could best describe the

meaning of “complete tree utilization”?
A. maximum utilization of the merchantable portion of the
tree
B. manufacturing as many products from the tree as possible
C. putting up fully integrated wood-processing plant
D. achieving maximum value from the trees by using as much
of the tree as possible

22. The wood of Almaciga may be different from that of apitong

by:
A. presence of vessels in the former and absence in the
latter
B. presence of vessels in the latter and absence in the
former
C. ring porous structure in the former and diffuse porous in
the latter
D. bigger pores in the latter.

23. The distinguishing characteristics of the wood of the family

Leguminosae to which narra belong is:
A. apotracheal C. vertical resin E. aggregate rays
canals canals
B. paratracheal D. tracheids
canals

24. In kiln drying or air drying wood, which of the following

criteria is not considered in stickering?
A. size of the sticker C. sticker support
guide and racks
B. the space and grades D. moisture content
of wood used of sticker

25. Woods of species with fast rate of growth

A. high specific gravity C. low specific gravity

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 B. equal to those of D. growth rate does not
regular rate of growth affect specific gravity

26. Which of these factors does not affect the penetration and
absorption of preservative?
A. anatomy of wood C. treatment
procedure
B. preparation of wood D. color and figure
treatment of wood

27. Which of the following does not belong to this statement? The
weight of the wood is the sum of :
A. the weight of the wood C. the included water
substance
B. the extractive p[resent D. the sum of its
strength properties

28. The principal chemical constituent of the cell walls of

higher plants which is soluble in acids but resistant to
alkalis:
A. holocellulose C. cellulose
B. hemicellulose D. lignin

29. A layer of water-proofing waxy materials overlaying the

epidermis in plants
A. cutin C. lignin
B. tannin D. gum

30. Fibers recovered from the recycling of used paper are known
as:
A. primary fibers C. tertiary fibers
B. secondary fibers D. bast fibers
31. Cells of wood near the pith are generally:
A. medium-size C. equal in size
B. larger D. smaller in size from pith
to bark

32. The distinctive markings on the longitudinal surface of

apiece of wood:
A. ripple marks C. grain
B. texture D. figure

33. The cambial layer of plants is responsible for the:

A. apical groth C. axial growth
B. radial growth D. tertiary growth
34. Variation in specific gravity of wood is due to:
A. difference in chemical C. difference in the amount of

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 properties cell wall substance
B. difference in physical D. difference in strength
properties properties

35. The hardness of wood is _____________ as it losses moisture

below fiber saturation point.
A. decreased C. not affected
B. increased D. equal

36. A defect traceable to inter-checking and splitting and

generally along the wood rays
A. honeycombing C. collapse
B. casehardening D. diamonding

37. Which of the following species is not a source of bast fibers

A. salago C. malabuho E. anilao
B. alagasi D. red lauan

38. The Philippine species best substitute for Lignum vitae

because of its wood:
A. malabayabas C. ipil E. Liusin
B. mancono D. kamagong

39. A wood to be suitable for pencil slats musat possess:

A. good figure C. good whittling property
B. soft and light D. good texture

40. The presence of water-borne salts in wood ________________

the electrical resistance of wood.
A. increases C. does not affect
B. decreases D. corrects

41. That part of the sawmill used to cut the board into width or
used to remove the defective parts of piece of lumber.
A. lathe C. edger
B. trimmer D. jointer

42. The standard dryness of wood is its:

A. ovendry weight C. weight at a given
moisture
B. green weight D. air-dry weight

43. Wood is
A. good conductor of heat C. does not conduct heat
B. poor conductor of heat D. best conductor of heat

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44. A green direction in which the fibers gradually alternate
from right-hand to left-hand spiral back again to adjacent
wood growth
A. straight grain C. diagonal grain
B. curly grain D. interlocked grain

45. Which of the following statement is not achieved by air

circulation during seasoning?
A. carry properly condition air to lumber purposes
B. drive evaporated air away from wood
C. secure uniform drying condition
D. decrease the efficiency of the heating system

46. This is the abnormal portion of the wood found in limbs and
inclined trunks of trees
A. brash center C. center rot
B. wane D. reaction wood

47. The wood obtained from botanical group of trees that have
broad leaves
A. sapwood C. hardwood
B. heartwood D. softwood

48. The strip of cells extending rsadially within the tree is

termed as:
A. wood ray C. vessel
B.wood fiber D. resin canal

49. The fibers in the secondary phloem is known as:

A. fiber tracheids C. vasicentric
B. wood fibers D. bast fibers

50. The property of wood to resist cutting or indentation is:

A. whittling property C. tensile property
B. hardness D. toughness

51. The wood of oak is best used for:

A. wood barrels C. fish rod
B. spools D. wood carvings

52. Load which gradually increased in magnitude

A. permanent load C. rolling load
B. static load D. shock load

53. Which of these wood species does not produce resin?

A. almaciga C. benguet pine
B. apitong D. malakawayan

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54. When the log scale exceed the lumber output, it is said to
be:
A. overrun C. mill tally
B. underrun D. 100% utilization

55. This tree is considered as having the lightest wood:L

A. Ochroma lagopus C. Cananga odorata
B. Ceiba pentandra D. Polyscias nodosa

56. Which of the following is not softwood?

A. Malapapaya C. Mindoro Pine
B. Igem D. Malaalmaciga

57. A good substitute for black walnut

A. mahogany C. akle
B. kamagong D. tindalo

58. A device use in removing the bark of logs

A. spade C. spud
B. spad D. claw bar

59. Earthen tubes or runways built over surfaces of foundations

to reach the wood above are signs of attack by:
A. powder-post beetles C. fungi
B. subterranean termites D. dry wood termites

60. The peripheral milling of wood to smooth one or more surfaces

to some predetermined dimension in thickness or width.
A. mortising C. jointing
B. planing D. boring

61. A clearance provided in the saw to reduce friction during

cutting
A. tension C. benching
B. gauge D. set

62. Complete the following statement: “as a general rule”

A. lighter species shrinks more across the grain than
heavier ones
B. shrinkage is greatest along the length
C. quarter sawn boards change less in thickness than flat-
sawn boards
D. heavier species shrinks more across the grain than
lighter ones

63. If the kiln is operated properly, kiln drying makes:

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 A. lumber weaker C. no change in the strength
of lumber
B. lumber stronger D. none of the abopve

64. The irreversible effect of high temperature on wood is one of

degradation of wood substance which results in:
A. loss of weight C. loss of weight and
strength
B. loss of durability D. loss of moisture

65. When a load is maintained on abeam, additional time-dependent

formation occurs and is termed as:
A. elasticity C. modality
B. plasticity D. creep

66. The method of gathering resin from Dipterocarp species like

Apitong:
A. slicing the bark C. boxing the wood
B. slicing the cambium D. none of the above

67. Botanically, softwoods are:

A. coniferous C. gymnosperms and conifers
B. woods that are soft D. gymnosperm

68. Veneer that is used for exposed surfaces of plywood:

A. face veneer C. middle layer
B. crossbands D. core veneer

69. A term used to imply dimensions in sawn lumber that slightly

under nominal dimension
A. tally C. reject
B. scant D. degrade

70. Manufacturing imperfections include:

A. chipped grain C. machine burn
B. torn grain D. all of the above

71. Part of a tree remaining above and below the ground after the
main stem is cut off:
A. bolt C. sawlog
B. stumpage value D. stump

72. The less dense, large celled part of the growth layer formed
first during the annual growth cycle.
A. early wood C. summerwood
B. latewood D. autumnwood

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73. Cut radial surfaces in this type of wood produce the ribbon
stripe figure:
A. diagonal C. cross grain
B. spiral D. interlocked grain

74. A ring porous wood:

A. narra C. a & b
B. kalantas D. none of the above

75. Which of the following genera of the coniferous species does

not possess normal resin canals in the its wood:
A. Podocarpus C. Picea
B. Pinus D. Pseudotsuga

76. Essential oils extracted in plants are almost completely

insoluble in:
A. alcohol C. ether
B. water D. fatty acids

77. Ring porous species:

A. batitinan C. banuyo
B. white lauan D. marang

78. Species with ripple marks:

A. banaba C. almon
B. balobo D. kalunti

79. Which of the following species is not a hardwood?

A. amugauen C. apo oak
B. mollucan sau D. malapapaya

80. Which of the following species is characterized by the

presencve of oil rings on the cross section of the log?
A. mayapis C. apitong
B. almon D. palosapis

81. Which of the following species are commonly used for sliced
veneer?
A. red lauan C. dao E. All of the
above
B. narra D. pahutan

82. Which of the following species contains high amount of

silica?
A. Dungon late C. duyok-duyok E. all of the
above
B. bansalagin D. nato

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83. Which of the following statement applies in view of the
relationship between fiber characteristics and paper
properties.
A. the thicker the cell walls, the lower the burst and
tensile strength
B. the thicker the cell walls, the lower the folding
endurance
C. a & b
D. none of the above

84. The cross section of a vessel is known as

A. canal C. pits
B. pore D. tubes

85. A wood through which moisture moves readily

A. densified wood C. pervious wood
B. porous wood D. soft wood

86. Which of the four phases of life history of plant cells

hardens the cell wall?
A. phase of origin C. phase of
enlargement
B. phase of lignification D. cell wall
thickening

87. Is a carefully worked out set of dry buklb and wet bulb
temperature to dry a specific lumber without causing
objectionable drying defects.
A. drying schedule C. kiln
schedule
B. special schedule D. species
schedule

88. Is a major importance in determining the ultimate economy of

the wood:
A. length of service C. depth of
penetration
B. retention of D. absorption
preservative

89. Which of the following does not influence the formation of

figure on wood:
A. fiber C. deposits
B. grain D. sawing
techniques

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90. Which of the following wood substance does not contribute to
the dark color of the heartwood
A. Oils and gums C. extractives
B. cellulose D. resins and
tannins

91. An amorphous substance with astringent taste and consist

mostly of polyphenols:
A. tannin C. ash
B. lignin D. gums

92. When external forces or loads are applied to wood, the

tendency is that:
A. casehardening will be developed in wood
B. the surface of the wood will developed checks
C. internal forces will be formed within the wood to resist
changes in size and in shape
D. no changes will occur on the size and shape of the wooden
member

93. In pulping, the wood must be debarked before any further

processing is done. The reasons for this is:
A. the fiber content bark is very low
B. bark is always harder to pulp
C. the fibers of bark are very short compared to wood
D. bark of some species contains little resin hence very
difficult to pulp

94. Which of the following statements is true regarding fiber

saturation point (FSP)
A. FSP is a condition wherein the bound water in the cells
are removed
B. FSP varies with different species and even with the
different woods of the same species
C. FSP is the same regardless of species
D. FSP is condition wherein all water in wood have
evaporated

95. Deposits consisting largely of calcium oxalate frequently

found in the axial parenchyma or soft tissues and in the ray
cells
A. gums C. tannins
B. cellulose D. crystals

96. Which of the following statement is not rue regarding drying?

A. as wood dries, the wood fibers become still and
strengthened

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 B. dried wood will support a greater load
C. as drying progresses, wood become easier to bend
D. treatability of wood is generally improved when dried up
to fiber saturation point

97. The observed dimensional changes in wood are unequal along

the three structural directions. This phenomenon is an
indication that wood is:
A. isotropic C. hygroscopic
B. anisotropic D. microscopic

98. Methods of piling boards to form a hollow triangle with their

faces in contact at the corners.
A. box C. bulk or
solid
B. crib D. cross

99. Species with pores obliquely arranged

A. agoho del monte C. bitanghol
B. bitaog D. none of the above

100. Which of the following does not describe the sapwood

A. extraneous materials mostly absent
B. strength at least as great as heartwood
C. does not contain toxic repellent chemicals
D. not discolored by staining fungi

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