LESSON 3: TEXT INFORMATION AND MEDIA

Text as Visual advertising signs on billboards use the

a. The representation or style of a slab serif typeface.
text in digital formal is called a Examples: Rockwell, Playbill,
typeface. Black oak.
b. A typeface, (also referred to as
font, font type, or type) is usually Script
composed of alphabets, numbers, The brush-like strokes of the script
punctuation marks, symbols, and typeface draw people’s attention to it. The
other special characters. reason behind why this font must be used
c. Different emotions and sparingly must be given. Most formal
meanings are expressed when events such as weddings or evening
various font types are used. In charity balls use the script typeface.
case there is an absence of Examples: Edwardian, Vladimir,
images and drawings, the easiest Kunstler.
way to communicate to people is Decorative
through text. Display, or decorative typefaces
Types of Typefaces are artistic and eye-catching since they
Serif can show a wide variety of emotions (such
One common form of a typeface is as happiness, fear, horror, etc.) or
called serif. It pertains to a short line at the decorative fonts also cater to various
top or bottom of some styles of printed themes (such as spaceships, carnivals,
letters. This kind of typeface entails holidays, seasons, kiddies, etc.)
familiarity and readability in large amounts Examples: Chiller, Jokerman,
of texts. Some publications such as Curlz MT.
books, newspapers, magazines, and
research normally use serif typeface for Design Principles and Elements
the body of the text. Serif fonts are also 1. Emphasis – pertains to the force or
used to achieve a classic and elegant look intensity of expression which
in publications. contributes to the importance or
Examples: Times New Roman, vivid impression of something. To
Garamond, Baskerville do this, a text can be enlarged,
Sans Serif bold or italicized, darkened, or
A typeface which does not contain lightened, or underlined.
serif in the letters is called sans serif. This 2. Appropriateness – refers to how
typeface conveys a clean and minimalist suitable or appropriate the text is
look to the text. To express clear and for the target audience, intention or
straightforward meaning of the text, road purpose, or event. The selection
signages, building directories, and criteria (tone, style, purpose,
nutrition facts in food packaging use this clarity) should be followed in the
typeface. Moreover, sans serif fonts are creation of text-based content. The
mainly used in designing web pages to discussion of font characteristics
achieve a modern style look. must be considered when
Examples: Arial, Helvetica, choosing the typefaces to be used
Tahoma, Verdana, Calibri in an output. Large bodies of text
Slab Serif must use fonts which are readable
A heavy and solid look to the text and clear.
is expressed by slab serif. Usually, large
 3. Proximity – refers to the distance connected with the rest of the
of text elements from each other. elements in the page.
Things that are closely related 6. Repetition – the unity of the entire
should be brought together. design and consistency of
Otherwise, text elements should elements are the concerns of
be placed far from each other. For repetition. The repetition of some
example, the placements of the typefaces within the page are
main title and subtitle are usually encouraged. However, when
close to each other. various typefaces are used on a
4. Alignment – refers to the proper page, it might result in distraction
positioning or state of adjustment and failure to communicate the
of parts in relation to each other content of the text.
(Merriam-Webster Dictionary). The 7. Contrast – refers to the degree of
text positioned in the page can be difference between things having
left, right, center or justified. similar or comparable natures
5. Organization – refers to the act or (Merriam-Webster Dictionary).
process of organizing various Visual interest in text elements is
elements of text in a page. generated by contrast. Contrast
Although elements of text are can be achieved when we combine
sorted away from each other the following elements like large
(based on the principle of fonts with small fonts, serif and
proximity), the organization sees to sans serif, thin and thick elements,
it that somehow, they are still and warm and cool colors.

Lesson 4: Visual Information and Media

Visual media refers to any form of ● though you're looking at an

communication that relies primarily on equilateral triangle.
visual elements to convey information or ● PNG - Pronounced as “ping”. Its
messages. development was basically for the
purpose of transporting images on
Definition of terms: the Internet at faster rates.
Portable Network Graphics.
● Analogous - is a color lying next
to each other on the colour wheel. Design Elements:
They typically combine beautifully
● and create appealing schemes for Line - The simpliest kind of visual design,
your designs. which is a stroke joining two points
● GIF - Capable of displaying simple Shape - a closed form made up of straight
animation. Graphics Interchange , curved, or angled lines.
Format Texture - The illusion of the surface's
● JPEG - Format is virtually peaks and valleys, resulting in a feeling of
synonymous with digital smoothness or roughness in objects.
Photography. Joint Photographic Form - an illusion of a 3-dimensional
Experts Group. object can be implied with the use of
● Triad - Are those colors that are light and shading. Form can be viewed
evenly spaced out around the color from many
wheel, as angles.
 4. Harmony - brings together a
Visual Principles: composition with similar units.
5. Contrast - offers some change in
1. Consistency - consistency of value creating a visual discord in a
margins, typeface, type style, and composition.
colors is necessary, especially in 6. Directional Movement - is a visual
slide presentations or documents flow through the composition. It
that are more than one page can be the suggestion of motion in
2. Center of Interest - is an area that a design as you move from object
first attracts attention in a to object by way of placement and
composition. This area is more position.
important when compared to the 7. Rhythm - is a movement in which
other objects or elements in a some elements recur regularly.
composition. This can be by Like a dance, it will have a flow of
contrast of values, more colors, objects that will seem to be like the
and placement in the format. beat of music.
3. Balance - is a feeling of visual 8. Perspective - is created through
equality in shape, form, value, the arrangement of objects in two
color, etc. Balance can be dimensional space to look like they
symmetrical and evenly balanced, appear in real life. Perspective is a
or asymmetrical and unevenly learned meaning of the
balanced. Objects, values, colors, relationship between different
textures,shapes, forms, etc. can be objects seen in space.
used in creating balance in a
composition.

LESSON 5: AUDIO INFORMATION AND MEDIA

Audio instrumental or vocal tones in a
● It is defined as anything connected structured and continuous manner.
to sound, specifically when 3. Sound Recording – the encoding
received, recorded, transferred, or of any sound from the
duplicated. surroundings.
Audio Information 4. Sound Clip/Sound Effect – the
● Refers to the media sound, aside from dialogue and
communication that uses audio music, artificially made to create
equipment to report, document, an effect in a movie, play, or other
and deliver information through the broadcast production.
means of sound. 5. Audio Podcast – an episodic series
of digital audio or video file or
TYPES AND FORMATS OF AN AUDIO recording that can be downloaded
INFORMATION AND MEDIA by a user from a website to a
Types of Audio File media player or computer to listen
1. Radio Broadcast - the act of to.
sending a live or recorded audio
through radio waves meant for a Audio File Formats
large group of listeners. 1. MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer 3) - a
2. Music – an artistic form of auditory coding format for consumer audio,
communication incorporating as well as a means of sound
 sequence compression for the ● It is easier, more natural, and
transmission and playback of engaging way to express their
music on most digital audio thinking and knowledge.
players. Limitations
2. M4A/AAC (MPEG-4 ● The listener’s memory can be
Audio/Advanced Audio Coding) - a easily overloaded
file extension for lossy digital audio ● Human and synthetic read aloud of
compression. a passage lack such oral and
3. WAV (Waveform Audio File presentational elements when
Format) - the Microsoft audio file audio rendering text.
format standard used for the PURPOSES OF USING SOUNDS/AUDIO
storage of digital audio data on MEDIA
personal computers.
4. WMA (Windows Media Audio) - a Purposes of using sounds or audio media
file extension developed by in facilitating learning:
Microsoft and used with Windows ● These enable the learners to listen
Media Player. to the ideas and views of the
experts and other reliable people;
CHARACTERISTICS OF A SOUND ● These allow learners to listen to
● Volume - the force of a sound. learning materials, like speeches;
● Tone - the musical or vocal sound ● These serve as alternative guides
of a definite quality. for the learners when they are
● Pitch - the degree of highness or doing their tasks, such as
lowness of a sound. experiments; and
● Loudness - the feature of a sound ● These grant the learners audio
that determines the degree of the files of important past events or
auditory sensation produced. sounds from the settings that the
learners cannot personally visit.
SOURCES OF AN AUDIO/SOUNDS Learning Out Loud
● Natural sources: animals, wind, ● Learning Out Loud focuses more
flowing streams, avalanches and on the auditory learners, where
volcanoes. students tend to learn more if they
● Man-made sources: airplanes, were able to hear the content and
helicopters, road vehicles, trains, they were able to hear the
explosions, etc. concepts that they need to know.
HEARING VS. LISTENING
ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF Hearing
AUDIO INFORMATION AND MEDIA ● the ability to perceive sounds
Advantages through an organ, such as an ear,
● Human speech by detecting vibrations as periodic
● Helps us to determine how changes in the pressure of a
someone or a person feels surrounding medium.
● It is interactive in a way that we Listening
can alter the tone, expression, ● requires concentration so that
gestures, motion, and posture your brain processes meaning
base on the audience response. from words and sentences.
● Learn to listen and speak as much Listening leads to learning.
earlier age
PRINCIPLES AND ELEMENTS OF
SOUND DESIGN Principles of Sound Design
Elements of Sound Design 1. Mixing – the balance, combination,
1. Dialogue – a composition in the and control of numerous sound
form of conversation between two elements.
people. 2. Pace – the editing and the time
2. Sound Effect - the sound, aside control of sound design.
from dialogue and music, artificially 3. Transition – the process of getting
made to create an effect in a from one element or fragment of
movie, play, or broadcast sound design to another.
production. 4. Stereo Imaging - the feature of
3. Music - an instrumental or a vocal sound documentation and
sound that conveys emotions and duplication concerning the
ideas in significant forms through supposed spatial locations of the
the elements of color, harmony, sound sources, both sideways and
melody, and rhythm. in depth.
4. Silence – the complete absence of
noise or sound.

LESSON 6: MOTION MEDIA

MOTION MEDIA  Motion media can be used to
 visual media that gives the evoke a wide range of emotions in
appearance of movement viewers.
 it can be a collection of graphics,
footage or videos FORMATS
 it is combined with audio, text ANIMATION FORMAT
and/or interactive content to create 1. ANIMATED GIF (GRAPHIC
multimedia INTERCHANGE FORMAT)
 it has a frame and story board  This is a common format for short,
 Twenty-four (24) frames per looping animations on the web.
second makes for a smooth GIFs support a limited color palette
animation. (256 colors) but can have
transparency. They are a good
CHARACATERISTICS choice for simple animations with a
ENGAGING AND ATTENTION flat design aesthetic.
GRABBING 2. FLASH
 Motion media is inherently more  Flash was once a popular format
engaging than static media, such for web animations and interactive
as text or images. Movement can content. However, due to security
capture our attention and hold it for concerns and the rise of HTML5,
longer periods of time. Flash is no longer widely used.
MULTISENSORY 3. SHOCKWAVE
 Motion media can incorporate  Shockwave is a multimedia format
sound, visuals, and even text to developed by Macromedia (later
create a more immersive acquired by Adobe) that uses
experience for the viewer. Flash technology. It's similar to
EMOTIONAL IMPACT Flash but can also include audio
and video.
4. DYNAMIC HTML (DHTML) tracks. MKV files can be very large
 DHTML is not a specific animation but can also support high-quality
format but rather a technique that video and audio.
uses HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
to create animations and TYPES
interactive elements on a web FILM
page.  It is a motion picture, usually
presented in a cinematic format,
VIDEO FORMATS/CODECS that tells a story or presents an
1. MP4 (MPEG-4 Part 14) idea through a sequence of
 This is a popular and versatile images and sounds.
video format that supports high- ANIMATION
quality video and audio. MP4 is  It involves creating moving images
widely used for online video through the manipulation of
streaming and playback on a drawings, models, or computer-
variety of devices. generated graphics to simulate
2. DIVX movement. It can be used for
 DivX is a codec (coder/decoder) entertainment, education, and
that compresses video files using advertising.
the MPEG-4 standard. DivX files VIDEO GAMES
can offer good quality at smaller  These are a form of interactive
file sizes compared to motion media, often characterized
uncompressed video. by player involvement and control
3. MPG (MPEG-1/MPEG-2) within a digital environment. They
 DivX is a codec (coder/decoder) combine elements of visual
that compresses video files using storytelling, gameplay mechanics,
the MPEG-4 standard. DivX files and audiovisual presentation to
can offer good quality at smaller create immersive experiences
file sizes compared to LIVE STREAM
uncompressed video.  It refers to the broadcasting of real-
4. 3GP time video and audio content over
 This is a multimedia container the internet. It allows viewers to
format designed specifically for 3G watch events, performances, or
mobile phones. It is optimized for discussions as they happen,
small file sizes and efficient providing an interactive and
streaming over mobile networks, immediate viewing experience.
making it suitable for storing and NEWS BROADCAST
sharing videos on mobile devices.  It is a type of motion media that
5. AVI (Audio Video Interleave) delivers current events, reports,
 AVI is a multimedia container and information to the public
format developed by Microsoft. through television, radio, or online
This is an older video format that streaming platforms. It typically
stores audio and video data in a includes live or recorded video
single file footage, interviews, graphics, and
6. MKV (Matroska) narration to inform viewers about
 This is a free and open-source local, national, and international
container format that can hold a news stories.
variety of video, audio, and subtitle
PURPOSES Social media influencer posts
EDUCATION promoting fashion brands or
 Educational videos, beauty products, often with
documentaries, and simulations sponsored content aimed at their
can explain complex topics in an followers.
engaging way. They can be used
for everything from teaching basic SOURCES
math skills to explaining historical 1. PERSONAL SOURCES
events. 2. SOCIAL MEDIA
 Examples: Documentaries such as 3. MEDIA COMPANIES
"Planet Earth" series, which
educate viewers about wildlife and ADVANTAGES
ecosystems.  It captures motion in a manner that
TED Talks: Inspirational and can be viewed repeatedly
informative talks by experts on  It can show processes in detail and
various subjects, ranging from in sequence
science and technology to  Simulations allow for safe
psychology and personal observation
development.  It can cut across different cultures
ENTERTAINMENT and groups
 Movies, TV shows, video games,  It allows scenes, history, events
and even funny cat videos are all and phenomenon to be recreated
forms of motion media that are  It enables learning with emotions
designed to entertain us. They can
provide us with a way to relax, LIMITATIONS
escape from reality, and • Compared to other forms of visual
experience new worlds. media, the viewer cannot always
 Examples: Movies like "Avatar" or interrupt the presentation.
"Star Wars" that transport viewers • It is oftentimes more costly than
to fictional worlds. other forms of visual media.
Video games like "Genshin • Other data may be presented best
Impact" , offering immersive using still images.
gameplay and interactive • Examples are graphs, diagrams,
storytelling. maps.
ADVERTISING • It is subject to misinterpretation.
 Commercials, product • AI's can easily manipulate the
demonstrations, and even some videos shared online
social media influencer posts are
all examples of motion media used VALUES
for advertising. They aim to 1. Cultural Understanding
capture our attention, inform us  Motion media, such as
about a product or service, and documentaries and international
persuade us to make a purchase. films, can promote cultural
 Examples: Television commercials understanding and empathy by
showcasing new products from showcasing diverse perspectives,
companies like Apple or Coca- traditions, and experiences from
Cola. around the world. This can lead to
 greater tolerance and appreciation technical quality (shaky footage,
for different cultures and ways of life. unclear audio) can hinder
2. Social Awareness: understanding and raise questions
 Motion media often addresses social about credibility.
issues and current events, raising
awareness about important topics DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND ELEMENTS
such as environmental conservation, SPEED
human rights, and inequality. By  A fast movement gives vigor and
highlighting these issues, motion vitality, intensifying emotions. A slow
media can inspire individuals to take movement connotes lethargy,
action and drive positive social solemnity or sadness
change. DIRECTION
3. Entertainment and Escapism:  It indicates a movement from one
 In addition to educational value, direction to another. It can also refer
motion media serves as a form of to the growing or shrinking of an
entertainment and escapism for object
people, offering a temporary reprieve TIMING
from the stresses and challenges of  It can be used to clarify or intensify
daily life. Whether through movies, the message or the event. Using a
TV shows, or video games, motion pause can help time the events.
media provides opportunities for  A dramatic scene in a movie might
relaxation, enjoyment, and have a long, suspenseful pause
imagination before a character reveals a
4. Economic Impact: shocking secret.
 Motion media industries contribute  A funny commercial might use quick
significantly to the economy through cuts and rapid dialogue to create a
job creation, cultural exports, and sense of urgency and humor
revenue generation. They support a TRANSITION
wide range of professions, including  used to switch between scenes
filmmakers, actors, writers,  A news report might use a fade-in
technicians, and marketers, while transition to introduce a new
also stimulating related sectors such interviewee.
as tourism and merchandise sales.  A music video might use a jarring cut
to a new scene to create a sense of
SELECTION CRITERIA surprise or energy
1. Source Credibility SOUND AND COLOR
 Look for information about the  It adds meaning to the motion.
creator and their background  A horror movie might use loud,
2. Accuracy and Objectivity discordant music and dark, muted
 Be wary of videos with misleading colors to create a sense of fear.
edits or emotionally charged  A children's cartoon might use
language. upbeat music and bright, vibrant
3. Purpose and Bias colors to create a cheerful
 Understanding the purpose can help atmosphere.
you identify potential bias. BLURRING
4. Technical Quality  In animation, blurring can provide
 While high production value doesn't the illusion of fast movement. In
guarantee good content, poor
 videos, it is often used to censor limbs to create a sense of speed
information for security or decency. and power.
 An animated fight scene might use  A news report might blur a
motion blur on the characters' person's face to protect their
identity

LESSON 7: MANIPULATIVE MEDIA

MANIPULATIVE MEDIA the public. Some advertising and
 manipulative media are objects, public relations firms engage in
activities, programs and manipulation to increase the degree of
applications that teachers and influence or impact to the public.
students use to engage in
interactive, hands-on learning. DIGITAL MANIPULATIVE MEDIA
INTERACTIVE MEDIA PLATFORMS
 it engages the user and interacts  MOBILE APPLICATIONS –
with him or her in a way that non- software applications that can be
interactive media do not. use on small devices like
smartphones and tablets.
CHARACTERISTICS  3D TV - this is a television display
1. It should be educational. technology that enables a 3-
2. It should be interactive. dimensional effect.
3. It should promote a hands-on learning  VIDEO GAMES AND RPG (ROLE
experience. PLAYING GAME) – use to play by
2 or more players
TYPES  Interactive websites and social
 DIGITAL media
 TRADITIONAL
SELECTION CRITERIA
FORMATS 1.The level of learners in order to make
1. Simulators are an activities or adjustments of manipulative media to be
programs that allow learners to used.
practice an actual task. 2.The language.
2. Builders are objects or tools that allow 3.The available manipulative media in the
you to create something out of plain internet.
materials 4.The facilities of the school including the
3. Puzzles are objects that allow you to internet connection and the pc available.
solve a code. 5.The expertise of the educator to use
manipulative media.
ADVANTAGES
 Boosting Image DESIGN PRINCIPLES
 Filtering Information INTERACTIVITY
 Sense of Control  The degree to which users can
DISADVANTAGES engage with and influence the
 Bias and Subjectivity content they are consuming.
 Misleading Facts HETEROGENIETY
 Hiding the Truth  the inclusion of various media
formats such as text, images,
VALUE videos, and audio to cater to
1. Motive or purpose as it is important to different learning styles and
identify the cause or the purpose why preferences.
a particular group employed it. HYBRIDIZATION
2. Degree of influence or impact as it is  The blending or integration of
the extent of how the manipulation of different elements or mediums.
information can produce effects on the MEDIUM
actions, behavior and/or opinions of
  The channel or format through
which content is presented and
consumed.
TEMPORALITY
 can influence the pace and
duration of learning experiences.

DESIGN ELEMENTS
LIGHT
 The use of lighting can influence
the viewer's perception or
emotional response.
SOUND
 can shape the viewer's experience
and emotional engagement.
TIME
 Manipulating the pacing and timing
of information delivery can affect
how learners absorb and retain
knowledge.
POINT OF VIEW
 Presenting information from a
particular perspective can
influence the viewer's
understanding and interpretation.
PERFORMANCE
 The delivery of content through
actors or presenters can impact its
effectiveness and engagement.
FRAMING
 How information is presented
visually within the media can
shape its impactand interpretation.
NARRATIVE
 Structuring educational content as
a compelling narrative can
enhance comprehension and
retention.
EDITING
 The selection and arrangement of
visuals and audio can influence the
flow and impact of educational
content.
LESSON 8: MULTIMEDIA
MULTIMEDIA  This type of multimedia has a
 It is defined as the seamless digital structure of various related
integration of text, graphics, elements that the user can control.
animation, audio, still images and LINEAR/SEQUENTIAL MULTIMEDIA
motion video in a way that
 Linear multimedia is a type of
provides individual users with high
levels of control and interaction. multimedia that runs linearly or in a
MULTIMEDIA INFORMATION straight line.
 Refers to materials, programs,
applications, and the like that SOURCES
teachers and students use to INTERVIEW
formulate new information to aid  it is a structured conversation
learning . where one participant asks
 Examples: PowerPoint questions, and the other provides
Presentation, podcast, animation, answers.
etc. LIVE PERFORMANCE
 Live performance may refer to: A
CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTIMEDIA play (theatre) or musical. A
 The multimedia of today can be a concert, a live performance
combination of text, graphics, (typically of music) before an
animation, audio, still images audience.
and/or motion video. NEWS PROGRAM
1. ELECTRONIC OR DIGITAL  a program devoted to current
 A multimedia presentation can be events, often using interviews and
prepared and delivered commentary.
electronically or digitally through DOCUMENTARIES
various computer applications,  It is a film or video examining an
software, and/or online tools. event or person based on facts.
2. INTERACTIVE COMMERCIALS
 A multimedia presentation is  An advertisement that is broadcast
interactive since it stimulates the on television or radio.
visual and auditory sense of the
audience. ADVANTAGES
3. DYNAMIC
MULTI-SENSORAL
 A multimedia presentation is said
to be dynamic since it can be  It uses a lot of the user’s senses
played, projected, recorded, and/or while making use of multimedia,
accessed using different kinds of for example hearing, seeing and
technology and computer talking.
applications. INTEGRATED AND INTERACTIVE
 All the different mediums are
integrated through the
TYPES OF MULTIMEDIAA
digitization processes.
INTERACTIVE MEDIA Interactivity is heightened by the
 It is a content that allows user possibility of easy feedback.
interaction with dynamic and FLEXIBLE
immersive experiences by  Being digital, this media can easily
integrating multiple forms of media, be changed to fit different
such as text, audio, video, images, situations and audiences.
and animation.
LIMITATIONS
HYPERACTIVE MEDIA
INFORMATION OVERLOAD
  Because it is so easy to use, it CLARITY
can contain too much information  The multimedia should be clear
at once. and easy to understand.
IT CAN BE EXPENSIVE CONSISTENCY
 Multimedia makes use of a wide  Should have a consistent look
range of resources, which can and feel
cost you a large amount of BALANCE
money.  should be balanced in terms of
TOO MUCH MAKES IT IMPRACTICAL its use of text, audio, video, and
 Large files like video and audio graphics
have an effect on the time it EMPHASIS
takes for your presentation to  should emphasize the most
load. important information
SIMPLICITY
VALUES  Should be simple and easy to
EDUCATION AND TRAINING navigate.
 Multimedia can be used to
create engaging and interactive ELEMENTS
learning experiences. TEXT
MARKETING AND ADVERTISING  Characters that are used to
 Multimedia can be used to create create words, sentences, and
eye-catching and memorable paragraphs
marketing and advertising AUDIO
campaigns.  can be used to provide
ENTERTAINMENT narration, music, and sound
 Multimedia is a popular form of effects.
entertainment, including movies, VIDEO
video games, and music.  Photographic images that are
played back at speeds of 15 to
SELECTION CRITERIA 30 frames a second and provide
 Objectivity the appearance of full motion
 Accuracy GRAPHICS
 A digital representation of nontext
 Technical quality information, such as a drawing,
chart, or photograph
 Accessibility ANIMTION
 Flipping through a series of still
images. It is a series of graphics
DESIGN PRINCIPLES that create an illusion of motion.