Unit - 2

virtualization and
hypervisors
PREPARED BY:
MR. HARISH I. RATHOD
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY.
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, HIMATNAGAR.

Cloud and Data Center Technologies (4331602)

 Unit Outcome
CO-2: Apply the virtualization concept with its type
• .

A. Describe B. Discuss types of

virtualization. CO2 virtualization.

C. Describe
hypervisors and VM.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 2

 Session Outcome

• .

Describe Discuss
Outcome virtualizati characteris
on tics

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 3

 Exam point of view

• .
Unit Name Teaching R-Level U-Level A-Level Total Marks
Hrs.
Virtualization 09 04 04 06 14
and Hypervisors Marks Marks Marks

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 4

 Introduction

• Definition:
• Virtualization is the "creation of a virtual version of
something (rather than actual), such as a server, a
desktop, a storage device, an operating system or network
resources".
• In computing,
• The term virtual refers to a digitally replicated version of
something real, whether it's a machine, a switch, memory or
even reality.
Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 5
 Introduction

• In other words,
• It is a technique, which allows to share a single physical
instance of a resource among multiple customers.

• It does by,
• Assigning a logical name to a physical storage and
providing a pointer to that physical resource when
demanded.
Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 6
 Introduction

• Purpose:
• To maximize resource utilization, scalability, and flexibility.

• Key Concept:
• Multiple virtual machines (VMs) share the same physical
hardware.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 7

 Introduction

• .

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 8

 Characteristics

• Sharing: Share physical resource among several guest.

• Aggregation: It allows group of separate host can be tied

up together and provide services.

• Emulation: Allowing the execution of guest programs

requiring specific characteristics that are not present in
the physical host.
Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 9
 Characteristics

• Resource pooling: Enables the pooling of computing

resource such as processing power, memory and storage.

• Isolation: Provide isolation between different virtual

instance. Each VM operates independently of others.

• Flexibility and Scalability: Allows for easy scalability.

Organization can scale resources up or down based on
demand.
Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 10
 Characteristics

• Resource utilization: maximizes resource utilization.

• Snapshot and cloning: Allows for the creation of snapshots

and clones of VM.

• Live migration: Often support live migration, allowing

virtual machines to be moved from one physical server to
another.
Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 11
 Characteristics

• Centralized Management: platform provide centralized

management tools that allows administrators to monitor
and manage virtual resources.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 12

 Benefits

• Resource Optimization: Maximizes hardware utilization.

• Cost Efficiency: Reduces hardware and operational
expenses.
• Scalability: Easily add or remove resources as needed.
• Flexibility: Supports diverse workloads on a single system.
• Disaster Recovery: Simplifies backup and recovery
processes.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 13

 Session Outcome

• .

Describe
basics of
Outcome virtualizati
.
on

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 14

 Hardware Virtualization

• Creation of a virtual machine over existing operating

system and hardware is known as Hardware
Virtualization.
• A Virtual machine provides an environment that is
logically separated from the underlying hardware.

• The machine on which the virtual machine is going to

create is known as Host Machine and that virtual machine
is referred as a Guest Machine.
Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 15
 Hardware Virtualization

• When the virtual machine software or virtual machine

manager (VMM) is directly installed on the hardware
system is known as hardware virtualization.

• The main job is:

• To control and monitoring the processor, memory and
other hardware resources.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 16

 Hardware Virtualization

• Usage:
• Mainly done for the server platforms,
• Because,
• Controlling virtual machines is much easier than controlling a
physical server.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 17

 Software Virtualization

• Managing applications and distribution becomes a typical

task.
• Installation mechanism differs from application to
application.
• Some programs require certain helper applications or
frameworks and
• These applications may have conflict with existing
applications.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 18

 Software Virtualization

• Software virtualization involves creating virtual instances of

applications or operating systems, independent of the
underlying hardware.
• One s/w is physical while others are virtual, it allows two or
more OS using only one computer.
• Example:
• Virtual Operating Systems: Running Linux on a Windows
machine.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 19

 Software Virtualization

• Benefits:
• Portability: Run software across different environments.
• Compatibility: Use legacy applications on modern systems.
• Isolation: Prevent conflicts between software versions.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 20

 Software Virtualization

• Example:
• VMware software,
• virtual box etc.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 21

 Software Virtualization

• .

OS Application
Types
Virtualization Virtualization

Service
Virtualization

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 22

 Software Virtualization
Operating System Virtualization
• The hardware is used which consists of software on which
different operating system works.
• The OS does not interface with each other, each one of them
works efficiently.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 23

 Software Virtualization
Operating System Virtualization
• . VM VM VM
Guest OS and Guest OS and Guest OS and
Application S/w Application S/w Application S/w

Virtualization machine management

Hardware (virtualization host)

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 24

 Software Virtualization
Application Virtualization
• It is a technology,
• That enables applications to run on a computer without
being directly installed on its operating system.
• Instead,
• The application is encapsulated in a virtual environment
that includes everything it needs to function, such as files,
settings, and dependencies.
• This abstraction allows applications to run in isolation
from the host operating system and other applications.
Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 25
 Software Virtualization
Application Virtualization
• Features:
• Isolation.
• Portability.
• Centralized Management.
• On-Demand Delivery.
• Compatibility.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 26

 Software Virtualization
Application Virtualization
• Advantages:
• Reduce IT overhead.
• Enhance security.
• Cost effective.
• Disaster recovery.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 27

 Software Virtualization
Application Virtualization
• .

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 28

 Software Virtualization
Service Virtualization
• It is a technique that mimics the behavior of software
components or services in a system,
• It enabling developers and testers to simulate
dependencies that are unavailable, incomplete, or
difficult to access.

• Service virtualization involves creating virtual assets or

stubs that simulate the real service's behavior.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 29

 Software Virtualization

• Real world application of S/w virtualization:

• AWS.
• Microsoft Azure.
• Google cloud.
• Software testing.
• Server consolidation.
• Education. Etc.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 30

 Full Virtualization

• Introduced by IBM in the year 1966.

• It is the first s/w solution for server virtualization.

• Guest OS is completely isolated by the virtual machine

from the virtualization layer and hardware.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 31

 Full Virtualization

• It is a virtualization approach,
• Where a virtual machine (VM) completely simulates the
underlying hardware,

• This allows multiple operating systems to run simultaneously

on the same physical hardware, isolated from each other.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 32

 Full Virtualization

• .
Ring 3 User App

Ring 2

Direct execution of
Ring 1 Guest OS user requests
Binary translation
Of OS requests
Ring 0 VMM

Host Computer System

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 33
 Paravirtualization

• It is the category CPU virtualization.

• In this.
• Guest OS is not completely isolated but it is partially
isolated by the virtual machine from the virtualization
layer and hardware.
• VMware and Xen are some examples of paravirtualization.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 34

 Paravirtualization
Ring 3 User App
• .
Ring 2

Ring 1 Direct execution of

user requests

Ring 0 Guest OS
Binary translation
Of OS requests Virtualization Layer

Host Computer System

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 35
 Partial Virtualization

• It involves virtualizing specific resources rather than

virtualizing the entire server stack.
• Specific resources such as storage, networking or
individual applications.

• This approach allows organizations to adopt virtualization

selectively based on their requirements.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 36

 Partial Virtualization

• .

Applications Applications

Modified Guest Modified Guest

Operating System Operating System

Host Operating System

Physical Hardware
Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 37
 Partial Virtualization

• Storage virtualization: Users can manage and allocate

storage without worrying about the physical devices.

• Network Virtualization: Allowing creation of virtual

networks. Optimizing n/w usage, enhancing security and
n/w management.

• .
Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 38
 Partial Virtualization

• Application-Level virtualization: Specific applications are

isolated and run on their virtualized environment.

• Advantages:
• Flexibility.
• Resource Optimization.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 39

 OS Level Virtualization

• This technology works on OS layer.

• The kernel enables existence of various isolated user-
space instances.
• Such instances are called containers or s/w containers or
virtualization engines.
• In other word,
• Kernel will run a single OS and provide that OS’s
functionality to replicate on each of the isolated partitions.
Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 40
 OS Level Virtualization

• . VM VM VM
Guest OS and Guest OS and Guest OS and
Application S/w Application S/w Application S/w

Virtualization machine management

Hardware (virtualization host)

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 41

 OS Level Virtualization

• OS based services are:

• Backup and recovery.
• Security management.
• Integration to Directory Services.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 42

 Session Outcome

• .

Describe
Types of
Outcome Virtualizat
.
ion

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 43

 Types of Virtualization

• .
Data Server
Types
Virtualization Virtualization

Application Network Desktop Storage

Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 44

 Types of Virtualization
Application Virtualization
• IT helps a user to have remote access to an application from
a server.
• The server stores all personal information and other
characteristics of the application but can still run on a local
workstation through the internet.
• .

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 45

 Types of Virtualization
Network Virtualization
• It combines network resources, and
• Enabling the creation of virtual networks that operate
independently of the physical.

• The ability to run multiple virtual networks with each

having a separate control and data plan.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 46

 Types of Virtualization
Network Virtualization
• .

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 47

 Types of Virtualization
Desktop Virtualization
• It involves hosting desktop environments on a centralized
server and
• Delivering them to end-user devices.

• User interact with virtual desktops, which are managed

and maintain centrally.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 48

 Types of Virtualization
Storage Virtualization
• It is an array of servers that are managed by a virtual
storage system.
• The servers does not aware of exactly where their data is
stored.
• It allowing users to manage and allocate storage
independently.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 49

 Types of Virtualization
Server Virtualization
• In which the masking of server resources takes place.
• The central server is divided into multiple different virtual
servers.
• Each sever running its own OS and applications.

• Each sub-server knows the identity of the central server.

• It increase the performance and reduces the operating cost.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 50

 Types of Virtualization
Data Virtualization
• This is the kind of virtualization,
• The data is collected from various sources and managed at a
single place regardless of the location and format.
• Then arranged that data logically,
• So that its virtual view can be accessed by its interested
people through the various cloud services remotely.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 51

 Session Outcome

• .

Describe
Outcome Hyperviso .
rs

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 52

 Hypervisors and VM
Hypervisors
• A Hypervisors is also known as Virtual Machine Monitor
(VMM).
• It is specialized software, installed on a single hardware.
• It will allow you to host multiple virtual machines.
• This allows physical hardware to be shared across
multiple virtual machines.
• The computer on which the hypervisor runs one or more
virtual machines is called the host machine.
Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 53
 Hypervisors and VM
Hypervisors
• Virtual machines are called guest machines.

• The hypervisor allows,

• The physical host machine to run various guest machines.
• It helps to get maximum benefit from computing
resources such as memory, network bandwidth and CPU
cycles.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 54

 Hypervisors and VM
Hypervisors
• Working of Hypervisors:
• It manage guest OS instances.
• It allocate and schedule resources.
• Maintain isolation between virtual machines (VMs).

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 55

 Hypervisors and VM
Hypervisors
• .

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 56

 Hypervisors and VM
Hypervisors
• Advantages:
• Although virtual machines operate on the same physical
hardware,
• They are isolated from each other.
• It also denotes that if one virtual machine undergoes a
crash, error, or malware attack, it does not affect other
virtual machines.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 57

 Hypervisors and VM
Hypervisors
• Advantages:
• Virtual machines are very mobile because,
• They do not depend on the underlying hardware.
• Since they are not connected to physical hardware,
• Switching between local or remote virtualized servers
becomes much easier than with traditional applications.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 58

 Hypervisors and VM
Hypervisors
• Advantages:
• Resource utilization,
• Cost efficient.
• Scalability.
• Isolation.
• Portability.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 59

 Hypervisors and VM
Types of Hypervisors
• .
Types

Type I Type II

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 60

 Hypervisors and VM
Types I Hypervisors
• It is known as Bare-matel Hypervisors.
• It is installed directly on the host's hardware.
• It will monitor the hardware and guest virtual machines,
• It can install it directly on the hardware.

• This type of hypervisor is powerful and requires a lot of

expertise to function well.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 61

 Hypervisors and VM
Types I Hypervisors
• In addition,
• They are more complex and have few hardware
requirements to run adequately.
• Because of this,
• It is mostly chosen by IT operations and data center
computing.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 62

 Hypervisors and VM
Types I Hypervisors
• Examples of Type I hypervisors:
• Oracle VM Server for Xen,
• SPARC,
• Oracle VM Server for x86,
• Microsoft Hyper-V, and
• VMware's ESX/ESXi.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 63

 Hypervisors and VM
Types II Hypervisors
• It is also called a hosted hypervisor because,
• It is installed on an existing operating system, and
• They are not more capable of running more complex virtual
tasks.
• People use it for basic development, testing and
simulation.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 64

 Hypervisors and VM
Types II Hypervisors
• If a security flaw is found inside the host OS,
• It can potentially compromise all running virtual
machines.
• This is why Type II hypervisors cannot be used for data
center computing, and
• They are designed for end-user systems where security is
less of a concern.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 65

 Creating and Managing VM

• It involves the following steps:

• Open Hypervisor Example: VMware Workstation,
VirtualBox, or etc.
• Create a New Virtual Machine: Click on "New VM" or
equivalent option.
• Select Installation Source: Choose an ISO file, CD/DVD, or
network location.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 66

 Creating and Managing VM

• Configure VM Settings:
• Assign CPU Cores: 1-4 cores (adjust as needed).
• Allocate RAM: Based on OS requirements (e.g., 4GB for
Windows 10).
• Configure Disk Size: for example 50GB dynamically
allocated.
• Set up Networking: NAT, Bridged, or Host-only.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 67

 Creating and Managing VM

• Start the VM: Boot the VM and follow the OS installation

process.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 68

 Creating and Managing VM

• Steps for managing VM:

• Starting and Stopping: Use the hypervisor's GUI or CLI to
power on/off or restart VMs.
• Resource Adjustment: Add/remove RAM, CPU, or storage.
• Snapshots: Save a VM’s state for easy rollback.
• Ideal for testing and trouble shooting.
• Cloning: Create a duplicate VM for scaling or testing.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 69

 Creating and Managing VM

• Monitoring: Monitor CPU, memory, and disk usage.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 70

 Virtualization of Clusters and
Data Centers Automation

Cluster Virtualization:
• It involves grouping multiple physical servers into a
cluster and
• It utilizing virtual technologies to create and manage VM
across these servers.
• Purpose:
• Resource pooling and High availability

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 71

 Virtualization of Clusters and
Data Centers Automation

Cluster Virtualization:
• Benefits:
• Resource Efficiency.
• Scalability.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 72

 Virtualization of Clusters and
Data Centers Automation

Data Center Virtualization:

• It extends the concept of virtualization of entire data centers
infrastructure.
• Including servers, storage and n/w components.
• Purpose:
• Server virtualization, storage virtualization and
• N/w virtualization.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 73

 Virtualization of Clusters and
Data Centers Automation

Data Center Virtualization:

• Benefits:
• Cost reduction.
• Flexibility.
• Streamlined management.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 74

 Virtualization of Clusters and
Data Centers Automation

Automation in cluster and Data center management:

• It involves using s/w tools and scripts to perform tasks such
as:
• Configuration, scaling and monitoring without manual
intervention.
• Purpose:
• Configuration management and
• Self-service portal.
Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 75
 Virtualization of Clusters and
Data Centers Automation

Automation in cluster and Data center management:

• Benefits:
• Efficiency.
• Consistency.
• Scalability.

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 76

 Questions

• Give Characteristics of virtualization.

• Explain Hardware virtualization.
• Explain software Virtualization with its types.
• Explain Full virtualization.
• Explain Para virtualization.
• Explain Partial virtualization.
• Differentiate Full virtualization, Para virtualization, and
Partial virtualization.
Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 77
 Questions

• Explain operating system level virtualization.

• List and explain types of virtualization.
• Explain Type 1 and Type2 hypervisors.
• Write steps to create and manage virtual machines in cloud.
• Explain virtualization of Clusters.
• Explain data centers automation.
• .

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 78

 Questions

• Define virtualization.
• List out types of virtualization.
• .

Unit -2: Virtualization and Hypervisors 79

80