Blood pressure..

Blood pressure is simply the pressure of the

blood within the arteries, and a blood
pressure test is like any other diagnostic
test that checks whether our blood pr

essure
is high or low.
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What Is Blood Pressure?

The heart pumps blood around our body to give it the

needed energy and oxygen. As the blood moves around
the body, it exerts pressure on the inner walls of the
blood vessels. This pressure is our blood pressure.The
measurement of blood pressure is recorded by two
numbers, systolic pressure and diastolic pressure. The
first one is measured after the heart contracts and
the second one is measured before the contraction.
Systolic pressure is higher than diastolic pressure. If
one’s blood pressure is too high, it puts extra strain on
the arteries which may lead to a heart attack or
stroke. The blood pressure cuff is used to measure the
pressure. The advancement of high blood pressure is
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called hypertension and degradation of low blood

pressure is known as hypotension.

Hypertension Hypotension

Normal
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What Is A Blood Pressure Test?

A blood pressure test is just a normal

test like any other test to check
whether our blood pressure is high or
low. There are plenty of cases where
there are no clear symptoms of blood
pressure dysfunction. But, abnormal
blood pressure usually results in fatal
diseases like stroke, heart attack, etc.
People with blood pressures less than
120/80 mm Hg should undergo a blood
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pressure test every two years. People

with systolic blood pressure 120 mm
Hg to 139 mm Hg, or diastolic blood
pressure 80 mm Hg to 89 mm Hg
should test their blood pressure every
year without fail.

The Procedure of Blood Pressure Test

● Blood pressure can be monitored at

home also. One just has to be still
while the test is going on. The
patient should be still. Smoking,
drinking caffeinated beverages or
exercise within 30 minutes is
strictly prohibited before measuring
blood pressure. One must empty
his/her bladder and rest at least 5
minutes before measurements.
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● The patient should sit with his/her

back straight and supported on a
dining chair rather than a sofa.
His/her feet should be flat on the
floor and should be straight, not
crossed. Patient’s arm should be
supported on a flat surface with the
upper arm at heart level. The
bottom of the cuff is placed
directly above the bend of the
elbow.

● The test should be done at the same

time every day. It’s important to
take the readings at the same time
each day.
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● Multiple readings are taken and the

results are recorded.

● The measurements are not taken

over clothes.

Blood Pressure Testing Devices

Blood pressure measurement devices are

divided into five categories: manual
sphygmomanometers, digital non-portable
for the upper arm with automatic
inflation, digital portable for the upper
arm with automatic inflation, digital
portable for wrist with automatic
inflation, and digital portable for finger
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with automatic inflation. The blood

pressure testing devices are as follows:

1. Digital, portable automated unit

2. Sphygmomanometer
3. Stethoscope
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Blood Pressure Chart

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Here are the three different charts

for High Blood Pressure, Low Blood
Pressure, and Normal Blood Pressure:

High Blood Pressure Range

Systolic Diastolic Stage of

pressure pressure high blood
pressure
210 120 Stage 4
180 110 Stage 3
160 100 Stage 2
140 90 Stage 1
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Low blood pressure

Systolic Diastolic Pressure

pressure pressure range
90 60 Borderline low
blood pressure

60 40 Too low blood

pressure

50 30 Dangerously
low blood
pressure
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Normal blood pressure

Systolic Diastolic Diastolic

pressure pressure pressure
130 85 High normal
blood pressure

120 80 Normal blood

pressure

110 75 Low normal

blood pressure
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Causes and Symptoms of Abnormal

Blood Pressure

Both high and low blood pressure is

injurious to health. There are
plenty of causes of abnormal blood
pressure. Let’s have a look at the
causes and symptom of high and
low blood pressure

↓
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High Blood pressure.. ☺️

★ Causes of ★ Symptoms of
high blood high blood
pressure pressure
● salt, fat, and/or ● Fatigue or
cholesterol-rich confusion.
diet

● Family history ● Severe

of high blood headache.
pressure

● Lack of physical ● Vision problems.

activity

● Smoking or ● Chest pain.

drinking too
much alcohol

● Sleep ● Breathing
deprivation for a trouble
long time

● Genetics ● Irregular heartbeat

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Low blood pressure..

❖
Causes Symptoms
of Low of Low
Blood Blood
Pressure Pressure
● Pregnancy ● Dizziness or
light-headednes
s
● Heart problems ● Nausea
● Dehydration ● Fainting
● Severe infection ● Dehydration and
or septicemia unusual thirst
● Lack of nutrients ● Cold, clammy,
in the diet. pale skin
● Blood loss ● Rapid, shallow
breathing
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Diagnosis of Hypertension
and Hypotension`..

Hypertension and hypotension both can

lead to several fatal diseases.
Physicians take two or three blood
pressure readings each at three or
more separate appointments before
diagnosing a person with high blood
pressure. To confirm if one has
hypertension the physician may
recommend a whole day long monitoring
test called ambulatory blood pressure
monitoring.
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#Medication..

One may also be recommended to undergo some

routine tests like a urine test, a cholesterol test,
an electrocardiogram, and an echocardiogram also to
check for more signs of heart disease.

changes in lifestyle can control

hypertension.medication must be taken prescribed
by the doctor.

➔Eating a heart-healthy less salty diet

➔Regular physical exercise
➔Maintain proper weight
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Hypotension may also turn into a disaster if

medical assistance is not taken in time.
Some regular blood tests, echocardiogram
(ECG), and Tilt table test can tell if you
have low blood pressure or not.

➔Using more salt in the diet

➔Drinking plenty of water
➔Wearing compression stockings
➔Take medications as prescribed by the
physician
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#Why Blood Pressure Test Is

Required?

A blood pressure test is a measurement to

check for the ongoing health condition of a
patient. High blood pressure or low blood
pressure both can lead to severe health
problems.

*blood pressure can cause…

➢Damage to our arteries: damaged and narrowed

arteries, aneurysm
➢Damage to our heart: coronary artery disease,
enlarged left heart, heart failure
➢ Damage to our brain: Transient Ischemic
Attack, stroke, dementia, mild cognitive
impairment
➢Damage to our kidneys: kidney scarring or
glomerulosclerosis, kidney failure
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Acknowledgement
The current project on Bloood pressure has
been the result of the contribution and inputs
of many. I would like to take this opportunity
to express my sincere gratitude to my English
Teacher whose invaluable guidance, support
and suggestions led to the successful
completion of the project. I also consider
myself highly indebted to the Principal, Mr.
Namdev Dange Sir for extending me this
golden opportunity to work on this project.
I also extend my heartfelt gratitude to my
parents, peers and others who have
encouraged me in my endeavour and enlarged
the horizons of my understanding through
fruitful discussions. The present project
has enhanced my knowledge and also improved
my listening and speaking skills.
My sincere thanks also to the wonderful
speakers on the digital media whose valuable
ideas have resourced my project
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S. No. Topic Page No.

1. Cover Page 1

2. Certificate of Completion 2

3. Acknowledgements 3

4. Project Report 4-22

5. Bibliography 23
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Biology
Project..
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#Bibliography..
Website↓
Wikipedia
Byjus.com
Bio.com
Biology text
Module