First Aid for Common

Unintentional Injuries
and Medical
Emergencies
FIRST
THINGS
FIRST!
✓Wear gloves whenever you touch a victim's
body fluids, blood, or other objects soiled
with blood. If gloves are not available, put a
clean plastic bag on top of the wound when
you apply direct pressure. If possible, let the
victim apply pressure to the wound.
✓Cover the victim's open wounds with
dressings.
✓Use a protective barrier when you do rescue
breathing. The victim could have bleeding in
the mouth.
✓Wash your hands with soap and water
after attending to the victim.
✓Report the incident in which you have
been in direct contact to a victim's
blood or other body fluids.
✓Before giving medicine to a victim,
check for allergies. Check if the victim
has the desired medicine at hand, and
ask for permission to administer
Open Fractures or
Compound Fractures
➢occur when the
broken ends of bone
stick out through the
skin.
First aid for
closed
fractures
1.Keep the victim still.
2.Bandage the injured part to an
unaffected part of the body.
3.Treat for shock if needed by raising the
legs.
4.Transport the victim to the nearest
hospital.
5.Check the circulation beyond the
bandage every minutes.
Closed Fractures
➢fractures in which
the skin is not broken
over the fractured
site
1.Carefully put a dressing or
sterile pads over the wound site.
2.Immobilize the injured part as
for a closed fracture.
3.Arrange to transport the victim
to the nearest hospital.
4.Treat for shock.
 DISLOCATION
➢a joint injury in which
the bones are partially
or completely pulled
out position
 SPRAIN
➢an injury or tearing of
the ligament due to
overstretching or by
violent movements
 STRAIN
➢injury to the muscle
and tendon due to
overstretching
 NOSEBLEED
➢an injury to the nose
or head, a cold, a
disease, or strenuous
physical activity
1. Have the person sit down
and let him/her lean forward
2. Advice the person to
breathe through mouth
3. Pinch the soft end of the
nose for at least 10 minutes
without releasing the pressure
4. Apply cold compress to the
bridge of the nose, if necessary
5. Let the person rest for
several hours
6. Bring the person to the
doctor or to the nearest hospital
if bleeding continues for 30
minutes
FIRST AID FOR
BURN
1. Hold the affected area under
a running water for at least 10
minutes
2. Once burn or scald is
cooled, cover it with dampened
dressing, clean food wrap or a
clean plastic bag
FIRST AID FOR
POISONING
1. Do not induce vomiting
(chemical intake)
2. Induce vomiting (food
poisoning)
3. Bring the victim to the
nearest hospital
FIRST AID FOR
CHOKING
FOR CONSCIOUS
1. Back slaps, if
coughing alone will not
shift the obstruction
2. Abdominal thrusts
FOR UNCONSCIOUS
1. Chest thrust
 FIRST AID FOR
HEART ATTACK
1. Call for help
2. Sit the person upright
and ask him/her to rest until
the emergency services
arrive
3. Do not give food or drink
4. Keep the victim calm
5. If the person has any
angina pills or a spray,
let him/her take it
FIRST AID FOR
DROWNING
1. Keep the head lower
the body
2. If the victim is not
breathing, do the CPR
3. Follow DRSABC
until help arrives
 FIRST AID FOR
ELECTROCUTION
1. Call an ambulance
immediately
2. Check the sign of
circulation
3. Prevent shock
FIRST AID FOR
FAINTS
1. Let him/her lie down or sit
down and place his/her head
between his/her knees
2. Position the person on
his/her back with the legs
elevated 8 to 12 inches above
the heart unless there is a neck
and head injury
3. Do not place a pillow
under his/her head to
prevent airflow blockage
4. Loosen any tight
clothing
5. Let him/her get
enough air
6. Sponge the face with
water but never splash
water on the face as
this may cause choking
7. If he/she vomits, place
him/her in a recovery
position to prevent choking.
8. Seek medical help if
he/she does not regain
consciousness after a few
BURNS
➢ According to the WHO, most
deaths due to burns occur in
the developing countries,
particularly in Southeast
Asia.
➢ 2013 - 35 million injuries
from fire and heat accidents.
➢ Burn injuries can be
classified as chemical,
electrical, or thermal.
 TYPES OF BURN INJURIES
The result of a caustic or
Chemical corrosive substance touching
the skin Contact with acids,
alkali, and organic compounds
Exposure to electric current
Electrical
Flames, contact with hot
Thermal objects, flammable vapor that
ignites and causes an
explosion, an steam or hot
liquids
 TYPES OF BURN CHARACTERISTICS
First-degree • Affects the skin's outer
layer (epidermis)
(superficial) • Redness, mild
swelling, tenderness,
pain
• Heals without
scarring, usually after
one week
 TYPES OF BURN CHARACTERISTICS
• Extends through the entire
Second-degree outer layer and into the
(partial inner skin layer (dermis);
blood vessels in the dermis
thickness) are damaged
• Blisters, swelling, weeping of
fluids, severe pain
• Weeping wound resulting
from breakout of blister and
the risk for infection
increases
 TYPES OF BURN CHARACTERISTICS
• Severe burns that penetrate all
Third-degree the skin layers into the
underlying fat and muscle
(full • Leathery, waxy, or pearly gray
skin
thickness) • Dry appearance and no feeling of
pain due to destroyed capillary
blood vessels and nerve endings
• Requires medical care that
involves removal of the dead
tissues.
 TYPES OF BURN FIRST AID

1. Relieve pain by immersing the burnt area into cold

First-degree water or by applying wet, cold cloth.
2. Relieve pain and inflammation with analgesic
(superficial) ointment or tablet.
3. Apply aloe vera gel or moisturizer to keep the skin
moistened to prevent itching and peeling.
1. Relieve pain by immersing the burnt area into cold
Second-degree (partial water or by applying wet, cold cloth.
2. Relieve pain and inflammation with analgesic
thickness) ointment or tablet. Keep the burnt extremity elevated to
reduce swelling.
3. Apply thin layer of antibiotic ointment.
4. Cover the area with dry, non-sticky, sterile dressing,
or a clean cloth.
1. Cover with dry, non-sticky, sterile dressing, or a clean
Third-degree (full cloth.
2. Prevent shock by elevating the legs, and cover the
thickness) victim with blanket to keep him/her warm.
 HEAT
EMERGENCIES
HEAT EXHAUSTION
➢occurs when your body is
not able to cool off and
maintain a normal body
temperature caused by either
hot weather, excessive
exercise, or dehydration
fatigue headache
weakness
dizziness
nausea
shallow breathing
muscle cramps
excessive sweating
rapid heartbeat
pale skin
 HEATSTROKE
➢critical stage of heat
exhaustion wherein the
body temperature
reaches 40°C (104°F)
and above
First aid for heat
emergencies:
1. Move to a cooler place
and remain quiet
2. Loosen clothing Place a
cool, wet cloth on the
forehead
3. If victim is dizzy, ask to lie down
with the head lower than the feet
4. Instruct to increase oral fluid
intake if awake
5. Sponge with cold water or wrap
the person's body with cool, wet
sheets. Monitor temperature every
10 minus