A small weakness in the
abdominal wall can lead to a
big problem—early diagnosis
is key.
INGUINAL
HERNIA
by batch-2
An inguinal hernia is a condition in which intra-abdominal fat or
part of the small intestine, also called the small bowel, bulges
what is inguinal through a weak area in the lower abdominal muscles
hernia ?
An inguinal hernia occurs in the groin—the area between the
abdomen and thigh. This type of hernia is called inguinal
because fat or part of the intestine slides through a weak
area at the inguinal ring, the opening to the inguinal canal.
An inguinal hernia can occur any time from infancy to
adulthood and is much more common in males than females.
Inguinal hernias tend to become larger with time.
What are the symptoms of inguinal hernia?
1. a small bulge in one or both sides of the groin
that may increase in size and disappear when
lying down; in males, it can present as a swollen
or enlarged scrotum
2. discomfort or sharp pain—especially when
straining, lifting, or exercising— that improves
when resting
3. a feeling of weakness or pressure in the groin
4. • a burning, gurgling, or aching feeling at the
bulge
An inguinal hernia in adult males
A bulge that appears in the groin area, occurring when a
part of the intestine pushes through a weak spot in the
abdominal muscles near the inguinal canal
Usually due to a weakening of the muscle tissue, often
caused by aging or strenuous activity, resulting in a
noticeable lump that can sometimes be painful, especially
when straining or lifting heavy objects
Most often requiring surgical repair to strengthen the
abdominal wall and push the protruding tissue back into
place.
Inguinal hernias are one of the
most common types of hernias in
men, significantly more prevalent
than in women.
An inguinal hernia in Female
when part of the abdominal tissue, like the
intestines or ovary, pushes through a weak
spot in the lower abdominal wall, creating a
bulge in the groin area, usually due to a
weakness in the inguinal canal
while less common in women than men, it
can still happen, particularly if there is a
history of heavy lifting, straining, or
weakened connective tissue; symptoms may
include a noticeable bulge in the groin,
discomfort or pain
An inguinal hernia in a child
a bulge in the groin area that occurs
when part of the intestine pushes
through a weak spot in the abdominal
wall. It's the most common surgical
problem in children
Inguinal hernias are present at birth
and are more common in boys than
girls.
They are more likely to occur in
premature babies.
The inguinal canal doesn't close
completely in some infants.
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION - AGE WISE
PRESENTATION O F C ASE
A 87-year-old male presented in the emergency department due to a persistent right inguinal pain. Clinical
examination revealed a tender right groin mass. Under the diagnosis of an right inguinal hernia, an operation was
taken. Intraoperatively, an inflamed appendix and a part of the cecum were found in the hernia sac. The operation
was completed with an ileocecal resection and a modified Bassini hernia repair. Histological examination revealed a
adenocarcinoma of the appendix.
Discussion
Amyand’s hernia is an inguinal hernia that contains Conclusion
vermiform appendix in its sac. It consists 1% of all A malignancy of the appendix should
inguinal hernias while appendicitis in an Amyand’s always be in the differential diagnosis of a
hernia accounts for 0.1% of all appendicitis cases. right inguinal mass, in order to provide
Adenocarcinomas of the appendix are even rarer, optimum surgical treatment.
accounting for 0.2% to 0.5% of all intestinal
malignancies, and 4%–6% of primary appendiceal
neoplasms. Diagnosis is usually established
intraoperatively.
TYPES OF INGUINAL
HERNIA
There are two types of inguinal
hernia
Y
reducible hernia
irreducible hernia
Irreducible Hernia
THE MOST COMMON TYPES OF IRREDUCIBLE HERNIA
If a hernia cannot
be pushed back
Incarcerated Hernia: This type of hernia cannot be pushed back into place and, as a
into place, it is result, completely obstructs the intestinal flow. Symptoms of incarcerated hernias
irreducible. This is a include tenderness at the site of the hernia, pain in the abdomen, nausea, vomiting,
bloating, and absence of bowel movements.
higher risk type of
Strangulated Hernia: This hernia restricts blood flow to the trapped tissues and organs.
hernia, which can Symptoms of strangulated hernias may include redness at the site of the hernia,
lead to serious severe pain, fever, nausea, and vomiting.
health
complications if left
untreated.
Reducible
hernia
A hernia is considered reducible if the protruding organ can
be pushed back into place when slight pressure is applied.
This type of protrusion is often more noticeable when a
person is straining or standing up and less prominent when
the person is lying down.
Typically, a reducible hernia isn’t an immediate cause for
concern. However, it should still be treated by a hernia repair
specialist in Orange County. Serious complications can
develop without proper treatment.
ANATOMICAL CORRELATION OF CAUSES
DIRECT HERNIA: INDIRECT
HERNIA:
Passes through deep
Occurs through inguinal ring (patent
Hesselbach’s triangle processus vaginalis).
(weakened
transversalis fascia).
DIAGNOSIS
How is inguinal hernia
diagnosed?
To diagnose inguinal hernia, the
doctor takes a thorough medical
history and conducts a physical
examination.
The person may be asked to stand and
cough so the doctor can feel the
hernia as it moves into the groin or
scrotum.
The doctor checks to see if the hernia
can be gently massaged back into its
proper position in the abdomen.
WHAT ARE THE
COMPLICATIONS OF 1. Risk of general anesthesia-Complications most likely occur in older people and those with
SURGERY FOR other medical conditions. Common complications include nausea, vomiting, urinary
retention, sore throat, and headache
INGUINAL HERNIA? 2. Hernia recurrence- A hernia can recur up to several years after repair. Recurrence is the
most common complication of inguinal hernia repair, causing patients to undergo a second
operation.
3. Bleeding- Bleeding inside the incision is another complication of inguinal hernia repair. It
can cause severe swelling and bluish discoloration of the skin around the incision
4. Wound infection-The person may experience a fever, discharge from the incision, and
redness, swelling, or tenderness around the incision
5. Painful scar- Sometimes people experience sharp, tingling pain in a specific area near the
incision after it has healed.
6. Injury to internal organs- Although extremely rare, injury to the intestine, bladder,
kidneys, nerves and blood vessels leading to the legs, internal female organs, and vas
deferens—the tube that carries sperm—can occur during hernia surgery and may lead to
more operations.
What are “incarcerated” and “strangulated”
inguinal hernias?
An incarcerated inguinal hernia is a hernia that becomes stuck
in the groin or scrotum and cannot be massaged back into the
abdomen.
Symptoms of a strangulated
hernia include • extreme
tenderness and redness in the
area of the bulge • sudden pain
that worsens in a short period
of time • fever • rapid heart
rate
