2

Chapter
INTRODUCTION—C PROGRAMS

1] Program to find sum of two numbers.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int a,b,s;

clrscr();

printf(“Enter two no: ”);

scanf(“%d%d",&a,&b);

s=a+b;

printf(“sum=%d”,s);

getch();

Output:

Enter two no: 5

sum=11

2] Program to find area and circumference of circle.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int r;
float pi=3.14,area,ci;

clrscr();

printf(“enter radius of circle: ”);

12
 INTRODUCTION—C PROGRAMS 13

scanf(“%d”,&r);

area=pi*r*r;

printf(“area of circle=%f ”,area);

ci=2*pi*r;

printf(“circumference=%f ”,ci);

getch();

Output:

enter radius of a circle: 5

area of circle=78.000

circumference=31.4

3] Program to find the simple interest.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int p,r,t,si;

clrscr();

printf(“enter principle, Rate of interest & time to find simple interest: ”);

scanf(“%d%d%d”,&p,&r,&t);

si=(p*r*t)/100;

printf(“simple intrest= %d”,si);

getch();

Output:

enter principle, rate of interest & time to find simple interest: 500
5

simple interest=50

4] Program to convert temperature from degree centigrade to Fahrenheit.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{
C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

float c,f;

clrscr();

printf(“enter temp in centigrade: ”);

scanf(“%f”,&c);

f=(1.8*c)+32;

printf(“temp in Fahrenheit=%f ”,f);

getch();

Output:

enter temp in centigrade: 32

temp in Fahrenheit=89.59998

5] Program to calculate sum of 5 subjects and find percentage.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int s1,s2,s3,s4,s5,sum,total=500;

float per;

clrscr();

printf(“enter marks of 5 subjects: ”);

scanf(“%d%d%d%d%d”,&s1,&s2,&s3,&s4,&s5);

sum=s1+s2+s3+s4+s5;

printf(“sum=%d”,sum);

per=(sum*100)/total;

printf(“percentage=%f”,per);

getch();
}

Output:

enter marks of 5 subjects: 60

65

50

60

60

sum=300

percentage=60.000

6] Program to show swap of two no’s without using third variable.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>
 INTRODUCTION—C PROGRAMS 15

void main()

int a,b;

clrscr();

printf(“enter value for a & b: ”);

scanf(“%d%d”,&a,&b);

a=a+b;

b=a-b;

a=a-b;

printf(“after swapping the value of a & b: %d %d”,a,b);

getch();

Output:

enter value for a & b: 4 5

after swapping the value of a & b: 5 4

7] Program to reverse a given number.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int n,a,r=0;

clrscr();

printf(“enter any no to get its reverse: ”);

scanf(“%d”,&n);

while(n>=1)

{
a=n%10;

r=r*10+a;

n=n/10;

printf(“reverse=%d”,r);

getch();

Output:

enter any no to get its reverse: 456

reverse=654
C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

8] Program to find gross salary.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int gs,bs,da,ta;

clrscr();

printf(“enter basic salary: ”);

scanf(“%d”,&bs);

da=(10*bs)/100;

ta=(12*bs)/100;

gs=bs+da+ta;

printf(“gross salary=%d”,gs);

getch();

Output:

enter basic salary: 100

gross salary=122

9] Program to print a table of any number.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int gs,bs,da,ta;

clrscr();

printf(“enter basic salary: ”);

scanf(“%d”,&bs);

da=(10*bs)/100;

ta=(12*bs)/100;

gs=bs+da+ta;

printf(“gross salary=%d”,gs);

getch();

Output:

enter a no to know table: 2

2*1=2
 INTRODUCTION—C PROGRAMS 17

2*2=4

2*3=6

2*4=8

2*5=10

2*6=12

2*7=14

2*8=16

2*9=18

2*10=20

10] Program to find greatest in 3 numbers.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int a,b,c;

clrscr();

printf(“enter value of a, b & c: ”);

scanf(“%d%d%d”,&a,&b,&c);

if((a>b)&&(a>c))

printf(“a is greatest”);

if((b>c)&&(b>a))

printf(“b is greatest”);

if((c>a)&&(c>b))

printf(“c is greatest”);

getch();

}
Output:

enter value for a, b& c: 5

b is greatest

11] Program to show the use of conditional operator.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

clrscr();

printf(“enter value for a & b: ”);

C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

scanf(“%d%d”,&a,&b);

(a>b)?printf(“a is greater”):printf(“b is greater”);

getch();

Output:

enter value for a & b: 5

b is greater

12] Program to find that entered year is leap year or not.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int n;

clrscr();

printf(“enter any year: ”);

scanf(“%d”,&n);

if(n%4==0)

printf(“year is a leap year”);

else

printf(“year is not a leap year”);

getch();

Output:

enter any year: 1947

year is not a leap year

13] Program to find whether given no. is even or odd.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int n;

clrscr();

printf(“enter any no: ”);

scanf(“%d”,&n);

if(n%2==0)

printf(“no is even”);

else
 INTRODUCTION—C PROGRAMS 19

printf(“no is odd”);

getch();

Output:

enter any no: 5

no is odd

14] Program to shift inputed data by two bits to the left.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int x,y;

clrscr();

printf(“Read the integer from keyboard :- ”);

scanf(“%d”,&x);

x<<=3;

y=x;

printf(“\nThe left shifted data is = %d ”,y);

getch();

Output:

Read the integer from keyboard :- 2

The left shifted data is = 16

15] Program to use switch statement. Display Monday to Sunday.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>
void main()

char ch;

clrscr();

printf(“enter m for Monday\nt for Tuesday\nw for Wednesday\nh for Thursday\nf for

Friday\ns for Saturday\nu for Sunday);

scanf(“%c”,&ch);

switch(ch)

case „m‟:
20 C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

case „M‟:

printf(“monday”);

break;

case „t‟:

case „T‟:

printf(“tuesday”);

break;

case „w‟:

case „W‟:

printf(“wednesday”);

break;

case „h‟:

case „H‟:

printf(“thursday”);

break;

case „f ‟:

case „F‟:

printf(“friday”);

break;

case „s‟:

case „S‟:

printf(“saturday”);

break;

case „u‟:

case „U‟:

printf(“sunday”);
break;

default :

printf(“wrong input”);

break;

getch();

Output:

enter m for Monday

t for Tuesday
 INTRODUCTION—C PROGRAMS 21

w for Wednesday

h for Thursday

f for Friday

s for Saturday

u for Sunday: f

friday

16] Program to display arithmetic operator using switch case.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int a,b,n,s,m,su,d;

clrscr();

printf(“enter two no‟s : ”);

scanf(“%d%d”,&a,&b);

printf(“enter 1 for sum\n2 for multiply\n3for subtraction\n4 for division: ”);

scanf(“%d”,&n);

switch(n)

case 1:

s=a+b;

printf(“sum=%d”,s);

break;

case 2:

m=a*b;

printf(“multiply=%d”,m);
break;

case 3:

su=a-b;

printf(“subtraction=%d”,su);

break;

case 4:

d=a/b;

printf(“divission=%d”,d);

break;
C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

default:

printf(“wrong input”);

break;

getch();

Output:

enter two no‟s: 8

enter 1 for sum

2 for multiply

3 for subtraction

4 for division: 1

sum=12

17] Program to display first 10 natural no. & their sum.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int i,sum=0;

clrscr();

for(i=1;i<=10;i++)

printf(“%d no is= %d\n”,i,I);

sum=sum+i;

}
printf(“sum =%d”,sum);

getch();

Output:

1 no is=1

2 no is=2

3 no is=3

4 no is=4

5 no is=5
 INTRODUCTION—C PROGRAMS 23

6 no is=6

7 no is=7

8 no is=8

9 no is=9

10 no is=10

sum=55

18] Program to print stars Sequence1:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int i,j;

clrscr();

for(i=1;i<=5;i++)

for(j=1;j<=i;j++)

printf(“*”);

printf(“\n”);

getch();

Output:

**

***

****
*****

19] Program to print stars Sequence2.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int i,j,k;

clrscr();

for(i=1;i<=5;i++)
C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

for(j=5;j>=i;j--)

printf(“ ”);

for(k=1;k<=i;k++)

printf(“*”);

printf(“\n”);

getch();

Output:

**

***

****

*****

20] Program to print stars Sequence3.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int i,j,k;

clrscr();

for(i=1;i<=3;i++)

for(j=3;j>=i;j--)

printf(“ ”);
{

for(k=1;k<=i*2-1;k++)

printf(“*”);

printf(“\n”);

getch();

}
 INTRODUCTION—C PROGRAMS 25

Output:

***

*****

21] Program to print Fibonacci series up to 100.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int a=1,b=1,c=0,i;

clrscr();

printf("%d\t%d\t",a,b);

for(i=0;i<=10;i++)

c=a+b;

if(c<100)

printf("%d\t",c);

a=b;

b=c;

getch();

Output:

1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89
22] Program to find factorial of a number.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int n,i,fact=1;

clrscr();

printf(“Enter any no: ”);

scanf(“%d”,&n);
C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

for(i=n;i>=1;i--)

fact=fact*i;

printf(“Factorial=%d”,fact);

getch();

Output:

Enter a no: 5

Factorial=120

23] Program to find whether given no. is a prime no. or not.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int i,n,r=0;

clrscr();

printf(“Enter any no: ”);

scanf(“%d”,&n);

for(i=2;i<=n-1;i++)

if(n%i==0)

r=1;

break;

if(r==0)
printf(“prime no”);

else

printf(“Not prime”);

getch();

Output:

Enter any no: 16

Not prime
 INTRODUCTION—C PROGRAMS 27

24] Program to display sum of series 1+1/2+1/3+……….+1/n.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int n,i,sum=0;

clrscr();

printf(“Enter any no: ”);

scanf(“%d”,&n);

printf(“1”);

for(i=2;i<=n-1;i++)

printf(“ 1/%d +”,i);

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)

sum=sum+i;

printf(“ 1/%d”,n);

printf(“\nSum=1/%d”,sum+1/n);

getch();

Output:

Enter any no: 7

1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + 1/5 + 1/6 + 1/7

Sum=1/28

25] Program to display series and find sum of 1+3+5+……..+n.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()
{

int n,i,sum=0;

clrscr();

printf(“Enter any no: ”);

scanf(“%d”,&n);

for(i=1;i<n;i=i+2)

printf(“%d+”,i);

sum=sum+i;
C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

printf("%d",n);

printf("\nsum=%d",sum+n);

getch();

Output:

Enter any no: 7

1+3+5+7

Sum=16

26] Program to use bitwise AND operator between the two integers.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int a,b,c;

clrscr();

printf(“Read the integers from keyboard:- ”);

scanf(“%d %d”,&a,&b);

c=a&b;

printf(“\nThe Answer after ANDing is: %d ”,c);

getch();

Output:

Read the integers from keyboard:- 8 4

The Answer after ANDing is: 0

27] Program to add two number using pointers.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int *p1,*p2,sum;

clrscr();

printf(“enter two no‟s: ”);

scanf(“%d%d”,&*p1,&*p2);

sum=*p1+*p2;
 INTRODUCTION—C PROGRAMS 29

printf(“sum=%d”,sum);

getch();

Output:

enter two no‟s: 10

20

sum=30

28] Program to add two number using pointers.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int *p1,*p2,sum;

clrscr();

printf(“enter two no‟s: ”);

scanf(“%d%d”,&*p1,&*p2);

sum=*p1+*p2;

printf(“sum=%d”,sum);

getch();

Output:

enter two no‟s: 10

20

sum=30

29] Program to show sum of 10 elements of array & show the average.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()

int a[10],i,sum=0;

float av;

clrscr();

printf(“enter elements of an aaray: ”);

for(i=0;i<10;i++)

scanf(“%d”,&a[i]);
C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

for(i=0;i<10;i++)

sum=sum+a[i];

printf(“sum=%d”,sum);

av=sum/10;

printf(“average=%.2f”,av);

getch();

Output:

enter elements of an array: 4

sum=42

average=4.22

30] Program to find the maximum no. in an array.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int a[5],max,i;
clrscr();

printf(“enter element for the array: ”);

for(i=0;i<5;i++)

scanf(“%d”,&a[i]);

max=a[0];

for(i=1;i<5;i++)

if(max<a[i])

max=a[i];
 INTRODUCTION—C PROGRAMS 31

printf(“maximum no= %d”,max);

getch();

Output:

enter elements for array: 5

maximum no= 7

31] Program to display a matrix.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int a[3][2],b[3][2],i,j;

clrscr();

printf(“enter value for a matrix: ”);

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<2;j++)

scanf(“%d”,&a[i][j]);

printf(“enter value for b matrix: ”);

for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{

for(j=0;j<2;j++)

scanf(“%d”,&b[i][j]);

printf(“\na matrix is\n\n”);

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<2;j++)
C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

printf(“ %d ”,a[i][j]);

printf(“\n”);

printf(“\nb matrix is\n\n”);

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<2;j++)

printf(“ %d ”,b[i][j]);

printf(“\n”);

getch();

Output:

enter value for a matrix: 7

enter value for b matrix: 3

1
4

a matrix is

6
 INTRODUCTION—C PROGRAMS 33

b matrix is

32] Program to find sum of two matrices.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int a[3][2],b[3][2],c[3][2],i,j;

clrscr();

printf(“Enter value for 1 matrix: ”);

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<2;j++)

scanf(“%d”,&a[i][j]);

printf(“Enter value for 2 matrix: ”);

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<2;j++)

scanf(“%d”,&b[i][j]);

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<2;j++)
c[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];

printf(“Sum of matrix is\n”);

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<2;j++)

printf(“%d\t”,c[i][j]);

}
C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

printf(“\n”);

getch();

Output:

Enter value for 1 matrix: 1

Enter value for 2 matrix: 4

Sum of matrix is

33] Program to find subtraction of two matrices.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{
int a[5],b[5],c[5],i;

clrscr();

printf(“enter value for array a ”);

for(i=0;i<5;i++)

scanf(“%d”,&a[i]);

printf(“enter value for array b ”);

for(i=0;i<5;i++)

scanf(“%d”,&b[i]);

for(i=0;i<5;i++)
 INTRODUCTION—C PROGRAMS 35

c[i]=a[i]-b[i];

printf(“subtraction”);

for(i=0;i<5;i++)

printf(“ %d ”,c[i]);

getch();

Output:

enter value for array a: 7

enter value for array b: 4

subtraction 3 3 3 3 3

34] Program to find multiplication of two matrices.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int a[3][2],b[3][2],c[3][2],i,j;

clrscr();

printf(“enter value for 1 matrix: ”);

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<2;j++)

scanf(“%d”,&a[i][j]);

printf(“enter value for 2 matrix: ”);

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<2;j++)
C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

scanf(“%d”,&b[i][j]);

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<2;j++)

c[i][j]=a[i][j]*b[i][j];

printf(“matrix is\n”);

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<2;j++)

printf(“ %d ”,c[i][j]);

printf(“\n”);

getch();

Output:

enter value for 1 matrix: 7

enter value for 2 matrix: 3

2

matrix is

16

36
 INTRODUCTION—C PROGRAMS 37

35] Program to find transpose of a matrix.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int a[3][2],b[2][3],i,j;

clrscr();

printf(“Enter value for matrix: ”);

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<2;j++)

scanf(„%d”,&a[i][j]);

printf(“Matrix:\n”);

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<2;j++)

printf(“ %d ”,a[i][j]);

printf(“\n”);

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<2;j++)

b[j][i]=a[i][j];

printf(“Transpose matrix:\n”);
for(i=0;i<2;i++)

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

printf(“ %d ”,b[i][j]);

printf(“\n”);

getch();

}
C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

Output:

Enter value for matrix: 4

Matrix:

Transpose matrix:

62

13

36] Program to find the maximum number in array using pointer.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int max,i,*a[5];

clrscr();

printf(“enter element for the array: ”);

for(i=0;i<5;i++)

scanf(“%d”,&*a[i]);

max=*a[0];

for(i=1;i<5;i++)
{

if(max<*a[i])

max=*a[i];

printf(“maximum no= %d”,max);

getch();

}
 INTRODUCTION—C PROGRAMS 39

Output:

enter elements for array: 5

maximum no= 7

37] Program to show input and output of a string.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

char a[50];

clrscr();

printf(“enter any string: ”);

gets(a);

puts(a);

getch();

Output:

enter any string: hi everyone

hi everyone

38] Program to find square of a number using functions.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()
{

int rev(int);

int r,a;

clrscr();

printf(“enter any no: ”);

scanf(“%d”,&a);

r=rev(a);

printf(“square is : %d”,r);
C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

getch();

int rev(int x)

return(x*x);

Output:

enter any no: 5

square is : 25

39] Program to swap two numbers using functions.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

void swap(int,int);

int a,b,r;

clrscr();

printf(“enter value for a&b: ”);

scanf(“%d%d”,&a,&b);

swap(a,b);

getch();

void swap(int a,int b)

int temp;

temp=a;
a=b;

b=temp;

printf(“after swapping the value for a & b is : %d %d”,a,b); }

Output:

enter value for a&b: 4

after swapping the value for a & b : 5 4

 INTRODUCTION—C PROGRAMS 41

40] Program to find factorial of a number using functions.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int a,f;

int fact(int);

clrscr();

printf(“enter a no: ”);

scanf(“%d”,&a);

f=fact(a);

printf(“factorial= %d”,f);

getch();

int fact(int x)

int fac=1,i;

for(i=x;i>=1;i--)

fac=fac*i;

return(fac);

Output:

enter a no: 5

factorial=120

41] Program to show table of a number using functions.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()

void table();

clrscr();

table();

getch();

}
C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

void table()

int n,i,r;

printf(“enter a no to know table: ”);

scanf(“%d”,&n);

for(i=1;i<=10;i++)

r=n*i;

printf(“%d*%d=%d\n”,n,i,r);

Output:

enter a no to know table: 2

2*1=2

2*2=4

2*3=6

2*4=8

2*5=10

2*6=12

2*7=14

2*8=16

2*9=18

2*10=20

42] Program to show call by value.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>
void main()

int a,b,swap();

clrscr();

a=5;

b=10;

printf(”value of a=%d & value of b=%d before swap ”,a,b);

swap(a,b);
 INTRODUCTION—C PROGRAMS 43

printf(“\nvalue of a =%d & b=%d after swap”,a,b);

getch();

int swap(int x,int y)

int temp;

temp=x;

x=y;

y=temp;

Output:

value of a=5 & value of b=10 before swap

value of a=5 & b=10 after swap

43] Program to show call by reference.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int a,b,*aa,*bb,swap();

clrscr();

a=5;

b=10;

aa=&a;

bb=&b;

printf(“value of a= %d & value of b=%d before swap”,a,b); swap(aa,bb);

printf(“\nvalue of a=%d & b=%d after swap”,a,b);

getch();

int swap(int *x,int *y)

int temp;

temp=*x;
C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

*x=*y;

*y=temp;

Output:

value of a= 5 & value of b=10 before swap

value of a=10 & b=5 after swap

44] Program to find largest of two numbers using functions.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

void max();

clrscr();

max();

getch();

void max()

int a[5],max,n,i;

printf(“How many no‟s you want to enter: ”);

scanf(“%d”,&n);

printf(“Enter element for the array: ”);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

scanf(“%d”,&a[i]);
max=a[0];

for(i=1;i<5;i++)

if(max<a[i])

max=a[i];

printf(“maximum no= %d”,max);

INTRODUCTION—C PROGRAMS 45

Output:

How many no‟s you want to enter: 4

Enter element for array: 4

maximum no: 6

45] Program to find factorial of a number using recursion.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int n;

clrscr();
printf(“enter number: ”);

scanf(“%d”,&n);

if(n<0)

printf(“invalid number”);

else

printf(“%d!=%d”,n,fact(n));

getch();

int fact(int x)

if(x==0)

return 1;

else

return(x*fact(x-1));

Output:

enter number: 5

5!=120

46] Program to find whether a string is palindrome or not.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>
C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

void main()

char s1[20],s2[20];

clrscr();

printf(“enter a string: ”);

scanf(“%s”,s1);

strcpy(s2,s1);

strrev(s2);

if(strcmp(s1,s2)==0)

printf(“string is a palindrome”);

else

printf(“not a palindrome string”);

getch();

Output:

enter a string: abc

not a palindrome string

47. File Operations:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

file *fp,*fp1;

char c;

clrscr();

fp=fopen(“test.c”,”w”);
printf(“\nenter the contents for file1(#.end)\n”);

c=getchar();

while(c!=‟#‟)

fputc(c,fp);

c=getchar();

rewind(fp);

fp=fopen(“test.c”,”r”);
 INTRODUCTION—C PROGRAMS 47

fp1=fopen(“tes.c”,”w”);

c=fgetc(fp);

while(c!=eof)

fputc(c,fp);

c=fgetc(fp);

fclose(fp);

fclose(fp1);

fp1=fopen(“tes.c”,”r”);

c=fgetc(fp1);

printf(“\nthe contents in file 2\n”);

while(c!=eof)

putchar(c);

c=fgetc(fp1);

fclose(fp1);

getch();

Output:

enter the contents of file1(#-end)

good morning#

the contents of file2

good morning

48. Merging One Dimensional Array – Excluding The Repeating Element

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int a[50],b[50],n1,n2,i,x;

clrscr();

printf(“enter the number of elements in the first array”);

scanf(“%d”,&n1);

printf(“enter the elements\n”);

C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

for(i=0;i<n1;i++)

printf(“enter a[%d]”,i+1);

scanf(“%d”,&a[i]);

printf(“enter the number of elements in the second array”);

scanf(“%d”,&n2);

printf(“enter the elements\n”);

for(i=0;i<n2;i++)

printf(“enter b[%d]”,i+1);

scanf(“%d”,&b[i]);

for(x=0;x<n1;x++)

for(i=0;i<n2;i++)

if(b[i]==a[x])

b[i]=‟ „;

for(i=o;i<n1;i++)

printf(“%d”,a[i]);
}

for(i=0;i<n2;i++)

if(b[i]==‟ „;)

continue;

else

printf(“%d”,b[i]);

getch();

}
 INTRODUCTION—C PROGRAMS 49

Output:

Enter the number of elements in the first array

Enter the elements

Enter the number of elements in the first array

Enter the elements

3 5 7 2 9

Number Of Occurrences Of Vowels, Consonants, Words, Spaces And Special Characters In

The Given Statement.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

#include<string.h>

#include<ctype.h>

void main()

char s[100];

int vow=0,cons=0,spc=0,punc=0,l,i;

clrscr();

printf(“enter the statement\n”);

gets(s);

l=strlen(s);

for(i=0;i<l;i++)

if(isalpha(s[i]))

if(s[i]==‟a‟||s[i]==‟e‟||s[i]==‟i‟||s[i]==‟o‟||s[i]==‟u‟)

{
C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

vow++;

else

cons++;

if(isspace(s[i])

spc++;

if(ispunct(s[i]))

punc++;

printf(“\nno.of words=%d”,spc+1);

printf(“\nno.of vowels=%d”,vow);

printf(“\nno.of consonants=%d”,cons);

printf(“\nno.of space=%d”,spc);

printf(“\nno.on special characters=%d”,punc);

getch();

Output:

Enter the statement

*Nothing is impossible in the world.

No.of words=6

No.of vowels=10

No.of consonants=19

No.of space=5

No.of special characters=1

 INTRODUCTION—C PROGRAMS 51

50. Write a program to create enumerated data type for 12 months. Display

their values in integer constants.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

Enum month(Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, June, July, Aug,Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec)

clrscr();

printf(“Jan=%d”, Jan);

printf(“Feb=%d”, Feb);

printf(“June=%d”, June);

printf(“Dec=%d”, Dec);

Output:

Jan =0

Feb=1

June=5

Dec=11
3
Chapter
FUNDAMENTALS—C PROGRAMS

A program to evaluate the equation y=xn when n is a non-negative integer. #include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h> void main()

{

int count, n; float x,y;

printf(“Enter the values of x and n:”); scanf(“%f%d”, &x,&n);

y=1.0;

count=1;

while(count<=n)

y=y*x;

count++;

printf(“x=%f; n=%d; x to power n=%f”, x, n,y);

Output:

Enter the values of x and n: 2.5 4

X=2.500000; n=4; x to power n= 39.062500

A program to print the multiplication table from 1*1 to 12*10. #include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>
52
 FUNDAMENTALS—C PROGRAMS 53

#define COLMAX 10
#define ROWMAX 12
void main()
{
int row, column, y;
row=1;
printf(“MULTIPLICATION TABLE ”);
printf(“---------------------------------------- ”);
do
{
column=1;
do
{
y=row*column;
printf(“%d”, y);
column=column +1;
}
while(column<=COLMAX);
printf(“\n”);
row=row+1;
}
while(row<=ROWMAX);
printf(“--------------------------------------------- ”)
}
Output:
MULTIPLICATION TABLE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60
7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70
8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80
C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 110
12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120

Program uses a for loop to print the powers of 2 table for the power 0 to 20, both positive and
negative.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

long int p;

int n;

double q;

printf(“------------------------------------------------------------”);

printf(“ 2 to power n n 2 to power -n”);

printf(“------------------------------------------------------------”);

p=1;

for(n=0; n<21; ++n)

if(n==0)

P=1;

else

p=p*2;
q=1.0/(double)p;
printf(“10ld 10%d %20.12lf”, p,n,q);
}

printf(“---------------------------------------------”);

Output:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2 to power n n 2 to power -n

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 0 1.000000000000
2 1 0.500000000000
 FUNDAMENTALS—C PROGRAMS 55

4 2 0.250000000000
8 3 0.125000000000
16 4 0.062500000000
32 5 0.031250000000
64 6 0.015625000000
128 7 0.007812500000
256 8 0.003906250000
512 9 0.001953125000
1024 10 0.000976562500
2048 11 0.000488281250
4096 12 0.000244140625
8192 13 0.000122070313
16384 14 0.000061035156
32768 15 0.000030517578
65536 16 0.000015258789
131072 17 0.000007629395
262144 18 0.000003814697
524288 19 0.000001907349
1048576 20 0.000000953674

A class of n students take an annual examination in m subjects. A program to read the marks obtained
by each student in various subjects and to compute and print the total marks obtained by each of them.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#define FIRST 360

define SECOND 240 void main()

int n, m, i, j, roll number, marks, total; printf(“Enter number of students and subjects”);
scanf(“%d%d”, &n,&m);

printf(“\n”); for(i=1; i<=n; ++i)

{

printf(“Enter roll number:”);

C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

scanf(“%d”, &roll_number);

total=0;

printf(“Enter marks of %d subjects for ROLL NO”, m, roll number);

for(j=1; j<=m; j++)

scanf(“%d”, &marks);

total=total+marks;

printf(“TOTAL MARKS =%d”, total);

if(total>=FIRST)

printf(“(First division)”);

else if (total>=SECOND)

printf(“(Second division)”);

else

printf(“(***FAIL***)”);

Output:

Enter number of students and subjects

36

Enter roll_number: 8701

Enter marks of 6 subjects for ROLL NO 8701

81 75 83 45 61 59

TOTAL MARKS =404 (First division)

Enter roll_number:8702

Enter marks of 6 subjects for ROLL NO 8702

51 49 55 47 65 41

TOTAL MARKS =308(Second division)

Enter roll_number: 8704

40 19 31 47 39 25

TOTAL MARKS=201(*** FAIL ***)

The program illustrates the use of the break statement in a C program. #include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h> void main()

 FUNDAMENTALS—C PROGRAMS 57

int m;

float x, sum, average;

printf(“This program computes the average of a set of computers”); printf(“Enter values one after
another”); printf(“Enter a NEGATIVE number at the end”);

sum=0;

for(m=1;m<=1000; ++m)

scanf(“%f”,&x);

if(x<0)

break;

sum+=x;

average=sum/(float)(m-1);

printf(“\n”);

printf(“Number of values =%d”,m-1);

printf(“sum=%f”, sum);

printf(“Average=%f”, average);

Output:

This program computes the average of a set of numbers Enter values one after another

Enter a NEGATIVE number at the end

21 23 24 22 26 22 -1

Number of values =6

Sum= 138.000000

Average=23.000000
 2 3 n
A program to evaluate the series 1/1-x= 1+x+x +x +.....+x . #include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h> #define LOOP 100

#define ACCURACY 0.0001 void main()

{
C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

int n;

float x, term, sum;

printf(“input value of x :”);

scanf(“%f”, &x);

sum=0;

for(term=1, n=1; n<=LOOP; ++n)

sum+=term;

if(term<=ACCURACY)

goto output;

term*=x;

printf(“FINAL VALUE OF N IS NOT SUFFICIENT TO ACHIEVE DESIRED ACCURACY”);

goto end;

output:

printf(“EXIT FROM LOOP”);

printf(“sum=%f; no. of terms=%d”, sum,n);

end:

Output:

Input value of x: .21

EXIT FROM LOOP

Sum=1.265800; No. of terms=7

Input value of x: .75

EXIT FROM LOOP

Sum=3.999774; No. of terms=34

Input value of x:.99

FINAL VALUE OF N IS NOT SUFFICIENT TO ACHIEVE DESIRED ACCURACY

Program illustrates the use of continue statement. #include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h> void main()

 FUNDAMENTALS—C PROGRAMS 59

int count, negative;

double number, sqroot;

printf(“enter 9999 to STOP”);

count=0;

negative=0;

while(count<=100)

printf(“enter a number:”);

scanf(“%lf”, &number);

if(number==9999)

break;

if(number<0)

printf(“Number is negative ”);

negative++;

continue;

sqroot=sqrt(number);

printf(“Number=%lf square root=%lf ”, number, sqroot);

count++;

printf(“Number of items done =%d”, count);

printf(“Negative items=%d”, negative);

printf(“END OF DATA”);

}
Output:

Enter 9999 to STOP

Enter a number: 25.0

Number=25.000000

Square root =5.000000

Enter a number: 40.5

Number =40.500000

Square root=6.363961

Enter a number:-9
C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

Number is negative

Enter a number: 16

Number= 16.000000

Square root=4.000000

Enter a number: -14.75

Number is negative

Enter a number: 80

Number=80.000000

Square root=8.944272

Enter a number: 9999

Number of items done=4

Negative items=2

END OF DATA

Program to print binomial coefficient table. #include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h> #define MAX 10 void main()

{

int m, x, binom; printf(“m x”);

for (m=0; m<=10; ++m)

printf(“----------------------------------------------------------”); m=0;

do

printf(“%2d”, m); X=0; biom=1; while(x<=m)

{

if(m= =0 || x= =0) printf(“%4d”, binom); else

 FUNDAMENTALS—C PROGRAMS 61

{
binom=binom* (m-x+1)/x;
printf(“%4d”, binom);
}
x=x+1;
}
printf(“\n”);
M=m+1‟
}
while(m<=MAX);
printf(“-------------------------------------------------------”);
}
Output:
Mx 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0 1
0 1 1
2 1 2 1
3 1 3 3 1
4 1 4 6 4 1
5 1 5 10 10 5 1
6 1 6 15 20 15 6 1
7 1 7 21 35 35 21 7 1
8 1 8 28 56 70 56 28 8 1
9 1 9 36 84 126 126 84 36 9 1
10 1 10 45 120 210 252 210 120 45 10 1

Program to draw a histogram. #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h>

#define N 5 void main()

int value[N]; int i, j, n, x; for(n=0; n<N; ++n)

{
C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

printf(“enter employees in group-%d: ”, n+1);

scanf(“%d”, &x);

value[n]=x;

printf(“%d”, value[n]);

printf(“\n”);

printf(“|\n”);

for(n=0; n<N; ++n)

for(i=1; i<=3; i++)

if(i= =2)

printf(“ Group-%d | “, n+1);

else

printf(“|”);

for(j=1; j<=value[n]; ++j)

printf(“*”);

if(i= =2)

printf(“(%d)”, value[n]);

else

printf(“\n”);

printf(“|\n”);

Output:
Enter employees in Group -1:12

12

Enter employees in Group -2:23

23

Enter employees in Group -3:35

35

Enter employees in Group -4:20

20
 FUNDAMENTALS—C PROGRAMS 63

Enter employees in Group -5:11

11

|************

Group-1 |************ (12)

|************

|***********************

Group-2 |***********************(23)

|***********************

|***********************************

Group-3 |***********************************(35)

|***********************************

|********************

Group-4 |********************(20)

|********************

|***********

Group-5 |***********(11)

|***********

Program of minimum cost problem. #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h>

void main()
{

float p, cost, p1, cost1; for(p=0; p<=10; p=p+0.1)

{

cost=40-8*p+p*p; if(p= =0)

C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

cost1=cost;

continue;

if(cost>=cost1)

break;

cost1=cost;

p1=p;

p=(p+p1)/2.0;

cost=40-8&p+p*p;

printf(“MINIMUM COST=%.2f AT p=%.1f”, cost, p); }

Output:

MINIMUM COST = 24.00 AT p=4.0

2
Program for plotting of two functions (y1=exp(-ax); y2=exp(-ax /2)). #include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h> void main()

{

int i;

float a, x, y1, y2; a=0.4;

printf(“ Y-------> ” );

printf(“0---------------------------------------------------------------------”);

for(x=0; x<5; x=x+0.25)

y1=(int) (50*exp(-a*x)+0.25);

y2=(int) (50*exp(-a*x*x/2)+0.5);

if(y1= =2)
{

if(x= = 2.5)
 FUNDAMENTALS—C PROGRAMS 65

printf(“X |”);

else

printf(“|”);

for(i=1; i<=y1-1; ++i)

printf(“”);

printf(“#”);

continue;

if(y1>y2)

if(x= =2.5)

printf(“X |”);

else

printf(“ |”);

for(i=1; i<=y2-1; ++i)

printf(“ ”);

printf(“*”);

for(i=1; i<=(y1-y2-1); ++i)

printf(“_”);

printf(“0”);

continue;

if(x==2.5)

printf(“X|”);

else

printf(“ |”);
for(i=1; i<=y1-1; ++i)

printf(“ ”);

printf(“0”);

for(i=1; i<=(y2-y1-1); ++i)

printf(“_”);

printf(“*”);

}
C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

Output:
Y---- >
0----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----
| #
| 0---*
| 0--- *
| 0--- *
| 0--- *
| 0--- *
| 0---*
| 0---*
| 0---*
| 0---*
| #

Write a program using a single –subscribed variable to evaluate the following expressions:
10

Total = ∑ 2
X 2 the values of x1, x2, ..... are read from the terminal.

1

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int i;

float x[10], value, total;

printf(“ENTER 10 REAL NUMBERS”);

for(i=0; i<10; i++)

scanf(“%f”, &value);

x[i]=value;
}

total=0.0;

for(i=0; i<10; i++)

 FUNDAMENTALS—C PROGRAMS 67

total = total + x[i]*x[i];

printf(“\n”);

for(i=0; i<10; i++)

printf(“x[%2d] = %5.2f”, i+1, x[i]);

printf(“total=%.2f”, total);

Output:

ENTER 10 REAL NUMBERS

1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.5 6.6 7.7 8.8 9.9 10.10

X[1]=1.10

X[2]=2.20

X[3]=3.30

X[4]=4.40

X[5]=5.50

X[6]=6.60

X[7]=7.70

X[8]=8.80

X[9]=9.90

X[10]=10.10

Total = 446.86

Given below is the list of marks obtained by a class of 50 students in an annual examination. 43 65 51 27 79 11
56 61 82 09 25 36 07 49 55 63 74 81 49 37 40 49 16 75 87 91 33 24 58 78 65
56 76 67 45 54 36 63 12 21 73 49 51 19 39 49 68 93 85 59

Write a program to count the number of students belonging to each of the following groups of marks:
0-9,10-19,20 -29,----,100.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

#define MAXVAL 50

#define COUNTER 11

void main()
C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

float value [MAXVAL];

int i, low, high;

int group[COUNTER]={0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};

for(i=0; i<MAXVAL; i++)

scanf(“%f”, &value[i]);

++group[(int)(value[i]/10)];

printf(“\n”);

printf(“GROUP RANGE FREQUENCEY”);

for(i=0; i<COUNTER; i++)

low=i*10;

if(i= =10)

high=100;

else

high=low+9;

printf(“%2d%3d to %3d%d”, i+1, low, high, group[i]);

Output:

43 65 51 27 79 11 56 61 82 09 25 36 07 49 55 63 74 81 49 37 40 49 16 75 87 91 33 24 58 78

65 56 76 67 45 54 36 63 12 21 73 49 51 19 39 49 68 93 85 59 (Input data)

GROUP RANGE FREQUENCY

1 0 to 9 2
2 10 to 19 4
3 20 to 29 4
4 30 to 39 5
5 40 to 49 8
6 50 to 59 8
7 60 to 69 7
 FUNDAMENTALS—C PROGRAMS 69

8 70 to 79 6
9 80 to 89 4
10 90 to 99 2
11 100 to 100 0

Write a program for sorting the elements of an array in descending order. #include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h> void main()

{

int *arr, temp, i, j, n; clrscr();

printf(“enter the number of elements in the array”); scanf(“%d”, &n); arr=(int*)malloc(sizeof(int)*n);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

for(j=i+1; j<n; j++)

if(arr[i]<arr[j])

temp=arr[i];

arr[i]=arr[j];

arr[j]=temp;

printf(“Elements of array in descending order are”); for(i=0; i<n; i++);

getch();

Output:

Enter the number of elements in the array: 5

Enter a number: 32

Enter a number: 43
Enter a number: 23
C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

Enter a number: 57

Enter a number: 47

Elements of array in descending order are:

57

47

43

32

23

Write a program for finding the largest number in an array #include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h> void main()

{

int *arr, i, j, n, LARGE; clrscr();

printf(“Enter the number of elements in the array”); scanf(“%d”, &n);

arr=(int*) malloc(sizeof(int)*n); for(i=0; i<n; i++)

{

printf(“Enter a number”); scanf(“%d”, &arr[i]);

}

LARGE=arr[0]; for(i=1; i<n;i++)

{

if(arr[i]>LARGE)

LARGE=arr[i];

printf(“The largest number in the array is : %d”, LARGE); getch();

}
 FUNDAMENTALS—C PROGRAMS 71

Output:

Enter the number of elements in the array:5

Enter a number: 32

Enter a number: 43

Enter a number: 23

Enter a number: 57

Enter a number: 47

The largest number in the array is : 57

Write a program for removing the duplicate element in an array. #include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<stdlib.h> void main()

{

int *arr, i, j, n, x, temp; clrscr();

printf(“Enter the number of elements in the array”); scanf(“%d”, &n);

arr=(int*) malloc(sizeof(int)*n); for(i=0; i<n; i++)

{

printf(“Enter a number”); scanf(“%d”, &arr[i]);

}

for(i=0; i<n; i++)

for(j=i+1; j<n; j++)

if(arr[i]>arr[j])

temp=arr[i];

arr[i]=arr[j];

arr[j]=temp;
}
C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

printf(“Elements of array after sorting”);

for(i=0; i<n; i++)

printf(“%d”, arr[i]);

i=0;

j=1;

while(i<n)

if(arr[i]==arr[j])

for(x=j; x<n-1; x++)

arr[x]=arr[x+1];

n-;

else

i++;

j++;

printf(“Elements of array after removing duplicate elements”);

for(i=0; i<=n; i++)

printf(“%d”, arr[i]);

getch();

}
Output:

Enter the number of elements in the array:5

Enter a number: 3

Enter a number: 3

Enter a number: 4

Enter a number: 6

Enter a number: 4
 FUNDAMENTALS—C PROGRAMS 73

Elements of array after sorting:

Elements of array after removing duplicate elements:

th
Write a program for finding the desired k smallest element in an array. #include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h> void main()

{

int *arr, i, j, n, temp, k; clrscr();

printf(“enter the number of elements in the array”); scanf(“%d”, &n); arr=(int*)malloc(sizeof(int)*n);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

printf(“Enter a number”); scanf(“%d”, &arr[i]);

}

for(j=i+1; j<n; j++)

if(arr[i]<arr[j])

temp=arr[i];

arr[i]=arr[j];

arr[j]=temp;
}

}
C PROGRAMS WITH SOLUTIONS

printf(“Elements of array after sorting”);

for(i=0; i<n; i++);

printf(“%d”, arr[i]);

printf(“Which smallest element do you want to determine”);

scanf(“%d”, k);

if(k<=n)

printf(“Desired smallest element is %d”, arr[k-1]);

else

printf(“Please enter a valid value for finding the particular smallest element”);

getch();

Output:

Enter the number of elements in the array:5

Enter a number: 33

Enter a number: 32

Enter a number: 46

Enter a number: 68

Enter a number: 47

Elements of array after sorting:

32

33

46

47
68

Which smallest element do you want to determine? 3 Desired smallest element is 46