INFINITIVE AND GERUND

(ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ THÊM -ING)

A. GERUND (Động từ thêm -ing)

- Đứng đầu câu làm chủ ngữ:
Reading is boring.

- Sau giới từ (in, on, at, of, about, with, by, …)

She’s interested in reading.
What about going for a walk?

- Sau một số động từ sau:

Admit (thừa nhận) He admitted breaking the window.
Avoid (tránh) You should avoid over-spending.
Can’t help (không dừng được) She can’t help thinking about the past.
Can’t stand (không chịu được, I can’t stand people smoking around me
không thích) when I’m eating.
Consider (cân nhắc, xem xét) I considered asking for my money back.
Deny (phủ nhận) She denied taking the money.
Detest (ghét) He detests doing the washing-up.
Dislike (không thích) I dislike eating dinner alone.
Enjoy (thích) I enjoy watching the game on TV.
Finish (hoàn thành) Be quiet! He hasn't finished speaking.
Give up (từ bỏ) My dad gave up smoking last year.
Imagine (tưởng tượng) I can’t imagine living without music.
Keep (cứ … hoài) Why do you keep asking that question?
Mind (phiền) Do you mind buying some new flowers?
Miss (bỏ lỡ, suýt, nhớ nhung) Ben knew he would miss working with
Sabrina.
Practice (luyện tập) Today we’re going to practice parking.
Prevent (ngăn chặn, phòng ngừa) We were prevented from entering the site.
Resist (chống lại, từ chối) She can never resist buying new shoes.
Suggest (đề nghị, đề xuất) I suggest going to the doctor.

- Một số cấu trúc:

1. Spend + thời gian + Ving (dành thời gian làm gì)
She spends all her free time painting.
 2. See/smell/hear
I saw him talking to Peter.

3. Look forward to (mong chờ)

We're really looking forward to seeing you again.

4. Be busy/worth (bận/ đáng)

James is busy practising for the school concert.
The film is well worth seeing.

5. There’s no point (in) (vô ích khi làm gì)

There’s no point in worrying.

6. It’s no use/good (vô ích)

It’s no use complaining.

B. TO-INFINITIVE (ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU CÓ TO)

- Sau một số động từ sau:
Advise (khuyên) He advised me to eat less junk food.
Afford (đủ tiền làm gì) We can't afford to go abroad this summer.
Agree (đồng ý) She agreed to go with us.
Appear (có vẻ) He appears to be unhappy.
Ask (yêu cầu) They asked me to close the windows.
Attempt (cố gắng) They were attempting to climb the
mountain.
Choose (chọn) I chose to learn English.
Decide (quyết định) Tina’s decided to go to Rome for her
holidays.
Demand (đề nghị) She demanded to see the manager.
Desire (mong muốn) He desired to return to Mexico.
Encourage (cổ vũ, khuyến khích) I strongly encourage everyone to go and
see this important film.
Expect (nghĩ, cho rằng) The company expects to complete work in
April.
Fail (không làm gì được) Doctors failed to save the girl’s life.
Hesitate (chần chừ, do dự) She never hesitated to speak her mind.
Hope (hy vọng) Joan’s hoping to study law at Harvard.
Intend (dự định) I intend to spend the night there.
Invite (mời) Gail invited me to stay with her while her
husband was out of town.
Learn (học) I learnt to drive when I was 17.
Manage (xoay xở, cố gắng) We managed to get to the airport in time.
Offer (đề nghị) The kids offered to do the dishes.
Order (ra lệnh, đề nghị) Her doctor had ordered her to rest for a
week.
Plan (lên kế hoạch) He said he planned to write his essay
tonight.
Pretend (giả vờ) I pretended to be asleep.
Promise (hứa) She’s promised to do all she can to help.
Refuse (từ chối) He refused to answer any more questions.
Remind (nhắc nhở) Remind me to buy some milk tonight.
Request (yêu cầu) Visitors are requested not to touch the
exhibits.
Seem (có vẻ) She seems to be a smart woman.
Tell (bảo ai làm gì) He was told to sit down and wait.
Tend (xu hướng, thường) Women tend to live longer than men.
Threaten (đe dọa) He threatened to take them to court.
Want (muốn) She’d always wanted to go to Thailand.
Wish (muốn) I wish to make a complaint.
Would like (muốn) I’d like to see that film.

- Sau hầu hết các tính từ:

They were surprised to find that he'd already left.
Nice to meet you.

- Một số cấu trúc:

1. Too … to … (quá … đến nỗi không … được)
The tea is too hot to drink.

2. In order to, so as to, to (để - mục đích)

We have a lot of homework to do today.
Samuel trained every day in order to improve his performance.
We went early so as to get good seats.

C. BARE INFINITIVE (ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU)

- Sau các động từ khiếm khuyết: can/could, may/might, should, will/would, must
 I must go home now.
You should go to the doctor.

- Sau had better, would rather (nên)

You had better study harder.

- Cấu trúc: Make/ let

Let me help you with that. (Để tôi giúp bạn chuyện đó)
She always makes me laugh. (Cô ấy luôn làm tôi cười)

D. TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT

1. Một số động từ có hai dạng (có thể thêm -ing hoặc to) nhưng không có quá
nhiều sự khác biệt về nghĩa:
- Start/begin
She started learning English two years ago. ( = she started to learn English two
years ago)

- Like/love/hate
She hates swimming. (= She hates to swim)

- Continue (tiếp tục)

She wanted to continue working until she was 60. (= continue to work)

2. Một số động từ sẽ có sự khác biệt về ý nghĩa:

- Stop
Stop + Ving: dừng hẳn việc gì
It stopped raining.

Stop + to V0: dừng để làm gì

We need to stop to buy some drinks.

- Try
Try + Ving: thử cái gì
You should try taking some medicine.

Try + to V0: cố gắng làm gì

He tried to open the door.
- Forget:
Forget + Ving: quên việc gì đã làm
I'll never forget hearing this piece of music for the first time.

Forget + to V0: quên chưa làm gì

Take care, and don't forget to write.

- Remember:
Remember + Ving: nhớ việc đã làm
I know I locked the door. I clearly remember locking it.

Remember + to V0: nhớ làm gì

Please remember to send this e-mail.

- Regret:
Regret + Ving: hối tiếc vì đã làm gì
I now regret saying what I said.

Regret + to V0: thường là regret to tell/say/inform: lấy làm tiếc khi phải nói,
thông báo
We regret to inform you that that we cannot offer the job.

- Need
Need + Ving: cần được làm gì
These flowers need watering.

Need + to V0: cần phải làm gì

She needs to get rest.

- Allow/permit: cho phép

Allow/permit + Ving
They don't allow smoking in this hotel.

Allow/permit + O + to V0
Her boss allows her to work from home.