TYPES OF FAMILY STRUCTURES FAMILY ALIGNMENT
THE NUCLEAR FAMILY - Spouse subsystem
- Parental subsystem
- this usually consists of two generations
- Sibling subsystem
of family, parents, and their own or
- Parent-child subsystem
adopted children residing in the same
household. INTERACTIONAL PATTERNS
TYPES factors that contribute to healthy family
FAMILY OF ORIENTATION - family to which one - MARRIAGE
was born - POWER RELATIONS
- CLOSENESS
FAMILY OF PROCREATION - a person, spouse,
- COMMUNICATION
and their children
- PROBLEM-SOLVING ABILITIES
BLENDED FAMILY- spouses and their children - EXPRESSION OF FEELINGS
from former marriages live as a single nuclear - DEALING WITH LOSS
family - FAMILY VALUES
- INTIMACY AND AUTONOMY
BINUCLEAR FAMILY - divorced parents form
separate households; children divide their time NEEDS SATISFACTION
with each
SURVIVAL NEEDS basic requirements for
THE EXTENDED FAMILY - This is also known as nourishments, shelter and protection
the three-generation family. Consisting of
DEVELOPMENT NEEDS have to do with
grandparents, their children, and their
psychological well being
grandchildren
BASIC AREAS OF FAMILY FUNCTIONS
SINGLE PARENT - This type of family is also
known as the Lone Parent Family. It consists of BIOLOGIC
one parent and a child or children residing in one
Reproduction- within the marriage bond, sex
household
expression is usually sanctioned. Thus, the
RECONSTITUTED FAMILY - This is a family where perpetuation and continuity of the group are
one or more parents have been married assured
previously, and they bring with them children
Care and rearing of children- the human infant is
from their previous marriage(s). This introduces
born helpless, and the parents fill the roles of
various combinations of stepfather, step-mother,
protectors, providers, and guardians - From the
etc
family, the infant and later the child draws
security, affection, and guidance and learns
tenderness sympathy, understanding, and
THE FAMILY AS A SYSTEM
generalized love Nutrition Health maintenance
Recreation
RANDOM FAMILIES Unhealthy, lack clarity on ECONOMIC
boundaries and each members seems to be
It provide adequate financial resources
doing his or her own thing
determine the allocation of resources ensure the
CLOSED FAMILIES rigid with well-defined roles financial security of members
and family stability of great importance
EDUCATION
OPEN FAMILIES healthiest, clear boundary,
teach skills, attitudes, and knowledge relating to
balanced and flexible
other functions
PSYCHOLOGICAL/ AFFECTION
STRUCTURAL PATTERNS Rules about who may
promote the natural development of
not participate in any family activity.
personalities Offer optimum psychological
- HEALTHY FAMILY neither too rigidnor to function Promote the ability to form
diffuse relationships with people outside the family
- ENMESHED FAMILY too rigid circle
- DISENGAGED FAMILY too diffuse
SOCIALIZATION POINTS OF INTERACTION
socialization of children Promotion of social 1. Parent-Child Relationship
status and legitimacy
2. Husband-Wife Relationship
WOMEN
3. Sibling Relationship
Structural Discrimination – inequality in many
TYPES OF FAMILY STRUCTURES
aspects: education, ability to control conception
and birth , sexual satisfaction, access to jobs and 1. Conjugal family – emphasizes marital
careers Cultural discrimination – stereotyping, bond
language used, socialization; culture of silence
Sexual Exploitation – spawned by a double 2. Congsaguineal family – emphasizes
standard of morality Role strain created by blood ties
marriage and motherhood POINTS OF INTERACTION
CHILDREN 1. Parent-Child Relationship
Child abuse (as per RA 7610) Child Neglect 2. Husband-Wife Relationship
Culture of silence Lack of opportunity for
education, health and recreation VAWC 3. Sibling Relationship
ELDERLY TYPES OF FAMILY STRUCTURES
Elder Abuse (economic, psychological, and 1. Conjugal family – emphasizes marital
physical) No security/no insurance for old age bond
Separation from the family (isolation, loneliness) 2. Congsaguineal family – emphasizes
Ill health, subsistence income or none at all blood ties
RESULTS OF CONFLICT IN THE FAMILY TYPES OF FAMILIES BASED ON AUTHORITY
Wives, even mothers with small children, are 1. Patriarchal – vested on the oldest male
likely to be employed outside the home. More
families are likely to end with separation. Single 2. Matriarchal –vested on mother or
Parent families are more likely to become mother’s kin
prevalent
3. Equalitarian – equal
FAMILY DYNAMICS
4. Matricentric – prolonged absence of
FAMILY- According to functionalist George father gives the mother authority
Murdock it’s
TYPES OF FAMILIES BASED ON MATES OR
a social group characterized by common PARTNER
residence, economic co-operation, and
1. Monogamous Family: In this instance, a
reproduction.
husband only has one wife. This is the
western idea of a typical marriage.
TYPES OF FAMILY ORGANIZATION
Nuclear – married men and women with their 2. Polygamous Family: In this case, the
offspring. husband has more than one wife at the
same time. This type of family can be
• Family of Orientation – one is born and
found mostly in Saudi Arabia.
reared or socialized
3. Polyandrous Family: This family consists
• Family of Procreation – established by
of a wife with more than one husband.
the person by his marriage
This can be found in the Todas of
Extended – recognition of kin relations beyond Southern India.
that of husbands, wife and unmarried children
PHYSICAL VARIABLES
Trends
- Demography
- Dual-income families Environmental changes – pollution,
Single-parent families space relationships, denudation of
Step-families/Reconstituted forest, urbanization.
Cohabiliting couple -
Same-sex couple Ecology – interrelationship of organism
and their environment.
Relationship between environment and people Courtship Process
- The environment provides the resources - DATING
for life - GOING STEADY
The environment serves as a water - PRIVATE UNDERSTANDING
repository - ENGAGEMENT
The environment houses our species
The Family and Human Sexuality
Problems arising from politics of ecology
Human Sexuality – to be human is to be sexual
- The concept of life as intrinsically good and and to be sexual is to be human
death intrinsically bad – birth vs death rates
Sex education – process of teaching an individual
- Underdevelopment – poor nations lagging
to understand and accept himself/herself as a
behind
whole person and as such to related
- The contraceptive revolution – no effect yet
himself/herself to other people in a healthy,
- Birth control – expensive and involving
constructive and meaningful manner
whole adult population
- To persuade women and men – abandoning Child rearing - Points to consider: should be
traditional views is hard individualized, dynamic relationship between
- Poverty parent and child, sees child having bundle of
potentialities
Population Explosion – emphasis on quantity
rather than quality; the question of economic
stability; the specter of war, the equally terrifying
specter of universal starvation
Family Planning – is a way of regulating and
spacing the births of children by married couples
and helping childless couples find out the cause
of their inability
Socio-economic aspect
Standard of living – all those things which one
insists on having
2. Mode of living – actual behavior and ADOLESCENCE AND FAMILY
accomplishment
3. Division of labor – responsibility of each - Impacts on family dynamics, parent-child
member of the family relationship, and social work support
4. Occupation – whatever an adult spends most Adolescence
of his time doing
5. Social status – recognized position - is the period between childhood and
6. Social stratification – sum up the general adulthood, typically between ages 10-
estimates of social status. 19.
- Marked by rapid physical, emotional,
LOVE, COURTSHIP, AND MARRIAGE and social changes.
Romantic love – it is feelings of erotic attraction - Adolescents seek independence, which
accompanied by an idealization of the other can create challenges in family
relationships.
Courtship – it is a social process engaged in by
two individuals. A progressive commitment Family Dynamics During Adolescence
leading to a succession of event towards the Family Dynamics: How family members interact
development of a stable interpersonal and relate to each other. Adolescents often push
relationship boundaries and seek autonomy. Parents may
Marriage – it is a special contract of permanent struggle with balancing control and granting
union between a man and woman entered into independence.
in accordance with law for the established of Example: A 15-year-old might want to make
conjugal and family life their own decisions about clothing, friends, and
hobbies, which can cause conflicts with parents.
Parent-Child Relationships in Adolescence OBJECTIVES:
Shifts in Parent-Child Relationships You are expected to analyze micro, mezzo and
macro structures influencing social functioning
- Adolescents seek more freedom;
as a concept. You are expected as well to
parents may feel they are losing control.
examine family structures, dynamics,
- Communication can become strained as
developmental life cycles and growth processes
teens desire more privacy.
of families. This will enable you to classify
- Mutual respect and open
characteristics of families and its life stages.
communication can improve
relationships.
Example: A parent and adolescent arguing over micro (the individual level), mezzo (the group
curfew times, but a compromise can be reached level)
through healthy dialogue.
macro (the community/governmental level)
Challenges Faced by Families with Adolescents
**Study Notes: Family Structures, Dynamics, and
Common Challenges Life Cycles**
- Peer pressure influences adolescent
behavior.
1. Family Structures
- Mental health issues may arise, such as
anxiety and depression. - Types: Nuclear, Extended, Single-parent,
- Identity exploration can lead to Blended, etc.
conflicts with family values.
- Role distribution: Parent(s), children, and
The Role of Social Work in Supporting Families extended members.
Social Work Support 2. Family Dynamics
- Social workers can mediate family - Interaction patterns: Communication,
conflicts and offer counseling. support, conflict resolution.
- Provide resources for parenting
education and adolescent mental health. - Power relations: Decision-making, authority
- Support adolescent development while within family.
addressing family concerns. 3. Developmental Life Cycles
Example: A social worker helping a family Stages:
develop better communication skills and coping
strategies for managing teenage rebellion. -
- Formation (new couple)
Strengthening Family Bonds - Childbearing (raising young children)
Tips for Families: - Parenting (teenagers)
- Empty nest (children leave)
- Encourage open and honest - Aging (elderly couple)
communication.
- Set clear expectations and boundaries. 4. Growth Processes
- Respect adolescents' growing need for - Emotional bonding, adaptability, role
independence while providing guidance. transitions.
Integration: - Life changes (birth, death, marriage, divorce).
SDG – Quality Education, No Poverty,
Sustainable Cities and 5. Classification of Family Stages
Communities, and Decent Work and Economic - Based on life cycle phase and corresponding
Growth dynamics (e.g., parenting challenges, elder care).
21st Century Skills (GA) – Collaboration,
Critical thinking, and Social Skills
