SESSION JULY-AUGUST 2024

PROGRAM BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (B.COM)

SEMESTER V
COURSE CODE & NAME DCM3104 & E-COMMERCE
NAME AKASH

1. Define-commerce. Explain its advantages and disadvantages.

Answer
E-commerce, short for electronic commerce, refers to the buying and selling of
goods, services, or information over the internet. It encompasses a wide range
of online business conditioning, including online retail( B2C), business- to-
business deals( B2B), digital commerce( e.g., Amazon), and subscription-
grounded models( e.g., Netflix). E-commerce relies on technologies similar as
mobile apps, electronic payments, and force chain operation to grease flawless
deals between buyers and merchandisers.

Advantages of-commerce

Global Reached-commerce eliminates geographical walls, allowing businesses

to pierce transnational requests. A small retailer can vend products worldwide
via platforms like Shopify or eBay.

Cost effectiveness Operating an online store reduces overhead costs( e.g., rent,
serviceability) compared to physical stores. Digital marketing( e.g., social
media advertisements) is frequently cheaper than traditional advertising.

Vacuity Online stores operate round the timepiece, enabling guests to shop at
their convenience, which boosts deals openings.

Personalization Algorithms dissect stoner gets to offer customized

recommendations, enhancing client experience( e.g., Netflix suggestions).
Data- Driven perceptivity-commerce platforms collect data on client
preferences, enabling businesses to optimize force, pricing, and marketing
strategies.

Disadvantages of-commerce

Security pitfalls Cyberattacks, data breaches, and fraud are significant

enterprises. guests may vacillate to partake fiscal information online.

Lack of Personal Interaction The absence of face- to- face commerce can reduce
trust and client fidelity. Issues like product returns come more complicated.

Logistical Challenges Shipping detainments, high delivery costs, and force

operation complications can strain businesses.

Technical Issues Website crashes, slow lading times, or payment gateway

failures disrupt stoner experience and deals.

violent Competition The low entry hedge leads to impregnated requests, making
it hard for lower businesses to stand out.

In conclusion, while-commerce offers unequalled convenience and scalability,

businesses must address security, logistics, and competition to thrive.

2. Explain in detail the main functions of-commerce.

Answer
E-commerce platforms perform several critical functions to insure flawless
deals and client satisfaction
Online sale Processing
This core function enables secure payment processing. It involves integrating
payment gateways( e.g., PayPal, Stripe) to authorize credit/ disbenefit card
deals. Encryption safeguards sensitive data during transmission.

Product roster operation

Businesses use digital registers to display product details( images, descriptions,
pricing). Advanced hunt pollutants and categorization help guests navigate large
supplies.

client Relationship operation( CRM)

CRM tools track client relations, purchase history, and preferences. Automated
emails, fidelity programs, and chatbots enhance engagement and retention.

Supply Chain and Inventory Management

E-commerce integrates with force systems to modernize stock situations in real
time. Drop shipping models automate order fulfilment, reducing storehouse
costs.

Digital Marketing
SEO, social media advertisements, and dispatch juggernauts drive business toe-
commerce spots. Retargeting strategies-engage druggies who abandon wagons.

Analytics and Reporting

Tools like Google Analytics give perceptivity into stoner gets , conversion rates,
and deals trends. Businesses use this data to upgrade strategies.

Security and Compliance

SSL instruments, GDPR compliance, and fraud discovery systems cover stoner
data. Regular checkups insure adherence to legal norms.
Mobile Optimization
Responsive design ensures websites serve easily on smartphones. Mobile apps
offer features like one- click payments and push announcements.

These functions inclusively produce a robust ecosystem that supports effective

operations, enhances stoner experience, and drives business growth.

3. Explain the main business models in detail.

Answer
E-commerce business models define how companies induce profit online.
crucial models include

Business- to- Consumer( B2C)

Companies vend directly to individual consumers. exemplifications include
Amazon( retail) and Netflix( subscription services). B2C focuses on mass
marketing, fast delivery, and stoner-friendly interfaces.

Business- to- Business( B2B)

Deals do between businesses, similar as manufacturers dealing to wholesalers.
Platforms like Alibaba grease bulk orders. B2B emphasizes long- term
contracts, customized pricing, and force chain integration.

Consumer- to- Consumer( C2C)

individualities vend to other individualities via third- party platforms. eBay and
Craigslist enable druggies to list used goods. C2C relies on stoner trust and peer
reviews.

Consumer- to- Business( C2B)

individualities offer products or services to businesses. Freelancers on Upwork
or influencers promoting brands on Instagram are C2B exemplifications. This
model leverages gig husbandry and stoner- generated content.
Subscription Model
guests pay recreating freights for access to products services. exemplifications
include Spotify( music streaming) and Bone Shave Club( yearly product
deliveries). Predictable profit and client fidelity are crucial benefits.

Freemium Model
Basic services are free, while decoration features bear payment. Dropbox offers
free storehouse with paid upgrades. This model attracts druggies and converts a
portion to paying guests.

Marketplace Model
Platforms like Etsy connect buyers and merchandisers, earning commissions on
deals. They concentrate on scalability, seller diversity, and stoner experience.

Each model caters to distinct request requirements, taking acclimatized

strategies in marketing, technology, and client engagement.

4. Explain the process of cryptography in detail.

Answer
Cryptography is the practice of securing information by converting it into an
undecipherable format, icing confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity. The
process involves

Encryption
Plaintext( readable data) is converted into ciphertext( decoded data) using an
algorithm( e.g., AES, RSA) and a cryptographic key. Symmetric encryption uses
one key( e.g., AES- 256), while asymmetric encryption uses public/ private key
dyads( e.g., RSA).

Key Exchange
Secure crucial distribution is critical. Protocols like Diffie- Hellman enable
parties to change keys over insecure channels without exposure.

Decryption
The philanthropist uses the corresponding key to revert ciphertext to plaintext.
In asymmetric systems, the private crucial decrypts data translated with the
public key.

Digital Autographs
Hash functions( e.g., SHA- 256) induce unique communication abridgments .
The sender encrypts the condensation with their private key, creating a hand.
The philanthropist verifies it using the sender’s public key, icing authenticity
and on-repudiation.

Hash Functions
These one- way functions convert data into fixed- size strings, icing integrity.
Any revision changes the hash, waking donors to tampering.

operations

SSL/ TLS Encrypts web business to cover online deals.

Blockchain Uses cryptographic hashes to secure tally entries.

VPNs Cipher data transmitted over public networks.

Cryptography is vital for securing-commerce, banking, and dispatches, though

challenges include amount computing pitfalls and crucial operation complexity.

5. Describe-marketing. separate it from traditional marketing.

Answer
E-marketing( digital marketing) uses digital channels to promote products
services. Strategies include SEO, social media marketing, dispatch juggernauts,
and PPC advertisements. It leverages data analytics for targeted outreach and
real- time performance shadowing.

Differences

Reach and Targeting

E-marketing targets global cult with perfection( e.g., Facebook advertisements
by demographics). Traditional marketing( television, billboards) has broad, less
specific reach.

Cost
Digital juggernauts are cost-effective, allowing small budgets to achieve high
ROI. television/ print advertisements bear significant investment.

Interactivity
E-marketing enables two- way communication( e.g., commentary, live
exchanges). Traditional styles are one- way.

Measurability
Digital tools give real- time criteria ( clicks, transformations). Traditional styles
calculate on checks or deals data, which are slower to gather.

Inflexibility
Online juggernauts can be acclimated incontinently. Traditional advertisements(
e.g., published leaflets) cannot be modified formerly distributed.

Engagement
E-marketing fosters engagement through substantiated content( e.g., YouTube
vids). Traditional styles are less engaging.

While traditional marketing builds brand credibility through palpable mediums-

marketing excels in dexterity, personalization, and analytics.

6. Define m- commerce. Explain the main factors of M- commerce.

Answer
M- commerce( mobile commerce) involves buying/ selling goods services via
mobile bias( smartphones, tablets). It includes mobile banking, in- app
purchases, and position- grounded services.

Key Components

Mobile Applications
devoted apps( e.g., Amazon, Starbucks) offer stoner-friendly interfaces, push
announcements, and one- click payments.

Mobile- Optimized Websites

Responsive designs insure flawless browsing on lower defences. Accelerated
Mobile runners( AMP) ameliorate lading speed.

Mobile Payment Systems

Digital holdalls ( Apple Pay, Google Pay) and contactless payments( NFC)
enable secure, quick deals.

position- Grounded Services( LBS)

GPS technology delivers targeted advertisements or elevations grounded on
stoner position( e.g., Uber, retail store announcements).
SMS/ MMS Marketing
Businesses shoot promotional textbooks or multimedia dispatches to engage
guests directly.

Security Measures
Biometric authentication( point, facial recognition) and tokenization cover
sensitive data during deals.

pall Integration
pall storehouse enables access to data across bias, supporting real- time force
updates and client service.

M- commerce thrives on convenience, personalization, and instant access,

driving trends like social commerce and stoked reality shopping gests .
Challenges include device comity and icing robust security