QUICK REVISION MODULE
(UPSC PRELIMS 2024) Polity
Inter-State
cooperation
Constitutional mechanism Extra Constitutional mechanism:
with regard to: Coordination through
Mutual Freedom of
Coordination Resolution recognition inter-state
through of Inter-state North-
of public trade, Zonal
Inter-state water Eastern
acts, records commerce councils
council disputes Council
and judicial and
proceedings intercourse
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Resolution of Coordination Freedom of inter- Mutual recognition
Inter-state through Inter- state trade, of public acts,
water disputes State council commerce and records and judicial
intercourse proceedings
Art 262: Parliament Article 263 provides Art 301 of Part XIII of Under the
may by law provide for the establishment the Constitution Constitution, the
for the adjudication of of an inter-State provides that trade, jurisdiction of each
inter-state water Council by an order of commerce and state is confined to its
disputes. It also the President as and intercourse own territory.
provides that neither when its need is felt. throughout the However, Art 261
the Supreme Court territory of India shall provides that "full
nor any other court is The Sarkaria be free. It provides faith and credit shall
to exercise jurisdiction Commission on freedom from all be given throughout
in respect of any such Centre-State Relations restrictions except the territory of India
dispute. (1983–87) those provided in Part to public acts, records
recommended XIII itself, as follows: and judicial
Under Art 262, the establishment of a proceedings of the
Parliament enacted permanent Inter-State Parliament can Union and of every
the Inter-State Water Council under Art 263. impose restrictions State."
Disputes Act (1956) Accordingly, the Inter- on the freedom of
which empowers the State Council was trade, commerce The expression
Central government to established in 1990 by and intercourse ‘public acts’ includes
set up an ad hoc a Presidential Order. between the states both legislative and
tribunal for the or within a state in executive acts of the
adjudication of a public interest. government.
dispute between two
or more states. The Legislature of a
decision of the state can impose
tribunal is final and reasonable
binding on the parties restrictions on this
to the dispute. freedom in public
interest, with
Over the years, the previous sanction
Central government of the President,
has set up eight inter- and without
state water dispute preference to one
tribunals in relation to state over another.
rivers such as Krishna,
Godavari, Cauvery etc.
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Composition:
Prime Minister – Chairman
Chief Ministers of all States
Chief Ministers of UTs having a Legislative Assembly; Administrators
of other UTs
Governors of States under President’s rule
6 Cabinet Ministers nominated by PM
Union Ministers nominated by PM as permanent invitees
Standing Committee of the Council: for
continuous consultation and processing
of matters for consideration of the Council.
Currently, it consists of:
Union Home Minister as the Chairman
4 other Union Ministers
Chief Ministers of 8 States
Inter-
State
Council Role: It is a recommendatory body on issues
relating to inter-state, Centre–state and
Centre–union territories relations. (Its
decisions are not binding).
Inter-State Council Secretariat:
It was set-up in 1991 and is headed by a secretary to the
Government of India.
Since 2011, it is also functioning as the secretariat of the
Zonal Councils.
Zonal Council North Eastern Council
5 Zonal Councils - Northern, Central, Members: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur,
Eastern, Western, Southern. Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and
Tripura
Statutory bodies established by the
States Reorganisation Act, 1956. Statutory body established by the North-
Eastern Council Act, 1971.
Composition: Each zonal council
consists of: Composition:
Union Home Minister as Chairman Union Home Minister as Chairman
Chief Ministers of all the States in the MoS(IC) DoNER as Vice-Chairman
zone (each CM acts as Vice-chairman Governors and Chief Ministers of constituent
by rotation for one year) States
Two other ministers from each state in the 3 members to be nominated by the
Zone President
Administrator of each UT in the zone
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Northern Zonal Council: Jammu
and Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal
Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab,
Rajasthan, Delhi, and Chandigarh
Eastern Zonal Council:
5 Zonal Bihar, Jharkhand,
West Bengal and Odisha
Councils
Southern Zonal Council:
Andhra Pradesh, Telangana,
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu,
Western Zonal Council: Kerala and Puducherry
Gujarat, Maharashtra,
Goa, Dadra and
Nagar Haveli and Central Zonal Council: Uttar
Daman and Diu Pradesh, Uttarakhand,
Chhattisgarh, and Madhya
Pradesh
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