Clothing
Clothing
SECTION
2 THE CONCEPT OF
CLOTHING
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Year 1 SECTION2
INTRODUCTION
This section introduces you to the psychosocial aspects of clothing that will help you
understand what clothing is; the various categories of clothing, and the reasons for wearing
clothes. We wear clothes, among others, for protection against the weather, for adornment,
for status, and for identification. Studying this section will enable you to select suitable
clothing and dress appropriately. In the subsequent lessons, you will also learn the various
ways of caring for and maintaining clothes. Caring for clothes includes the usage, cleaning
and storage to maintain their freshness. Caring for and maintaining clothes properly can
extend their lifespan, keep them looking their best, and save money in the long run. You
will then be introduced to the process of planning a wardrobe, selecting suitable clothes,
accessories and cosmetics that are in style, good in design as well as appropriate for present
and future use of individuals, families, and societies. Lastly, you will learn about good
grooming, its importance and how it relates to dress sense. Dressing well enhances one’s
personal appearance and builds one’s confidence.
Key Ideas
• Clothing is anything worn or carried on the body to enhance one’s appearance.
• Clothing is categorised into clothes, cosmetics, and accessories.
• Clothing is worn for varied reasons. e.g., protection, adornment, mood expression,
belongingness, identification, culture, and climate.
• Caring for and maintaining clothing properly can extend their lifespan, keep them looking
their best, and save money in the long run.
• Ways and techniques for effective clothing care include reading care labels, sorting, drying
and stain removal.
• A wardrobe is a collection of clothes, accessories and cosmetics.
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• Wardrobe planning is the process of selecting clothes, accessories and cosmetics that are
in style, and good in design as well as appropriate for present and future use of individuals,
families, and societies.
• Good Grooming means having a pleasing appearance and conduct or poise (composure). It is
simply taking care of yourself and your body.
• Personal grooming and personal hygiene include dental care, skin care, hair care, nail care
and care of your clothing.
• Good grooming to dress sense therefore means the ability to dress well in an attractive
combination of clothes that suit you. It is also a good instinct (drive) for selecting garments
which suit the wearer.
• The importance of good grooming is to build self-confidence, gives vitality (liveliness) and
attracts social approval.
Concept of Clothing
Clothing refers to any item worn or carried on the body to enhance personal appearance.
Also known as clothes, garments, apparel, attire, or dress, clothing includes not only fabrics
or textiles but also accessories and cosmetics that complement one’s look. Historically,
clothing has been made from materials such as animal skins and other natural resources
available in the environment. The primary purpose of clothing extends beyond protection
and modesty; it also reflects cultural identity, personal style, and social status.
Activity 2.1
Activity 2.2
In pairs, choose a specific culture in Ghana and research the traditional clothing
associated with it.
Write a brief report highlighting the key features, significance, and occasions for
wearing that traditional attire. Present your findings using either a chart or a poster
that illustrates the clothing style and its cultural meaning.
Classification of Clothing
Clothing can be classified into various categories based on factors such as purpose, function,
occasion, and cultural significance. These classifications help us better understand how and
why different types of clothing are worn in specific contexts. From casual wear and formal
attire to traditional garments and specialised clothing for specific activities, each category
plays a unique role in fulfilling practical, social, and cultural needs. Understanding the
classification of clothing provides insight into how people dress for different occasions and
purposes.
Clothing classified according to uses and functions are as follows:
1. Clothes: Clothes refer to items worn to cover the body. Examples are shown in the
table below:
Clothes Examples
Under/Foundation garment Corsets, panty girdles, panties, brassiers, boxers, singlets, etc.
Inner garment Shirts, blouses, etc. (a shirt or blouse becomes an inner garment
when a coat is worn over it).
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Clothes Examples
Outer garment Shirt, blouse, T-shirt, jacket, dress, slit and kaba.
Formal/Occasional wear suit, smock, slit and kaba, kaftan, (all of which can be worn to
some of these events’ i.e.weddings, dinners, churches, mosques,
festivals, and workplaces).
Activity 2.3
Imagine you are part of a group tasked with organising a fashion show at school.
To ensure a diverse range of outfits, your group must classify the different types of
clothing that will be showcased. Think about the various categories clothing can fall
into, such as casual wear, formal wear, traditional attire, and sportswear.
Task:
1. In your group, discuss the different classifications of clothing and compare their
functions.
2. Create a visual display that showcases the types of clothing under each category.
Use images from magazines, online resources, or your own illustrations to
represent each category.
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Activity 2.4
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Activity 2.5
Case Study
Emefa visited the market and noticed a large, noisy crowd in front of a shop. As
she got closer, she saw that the commotion was caused by a young woman wearing
very tight trousers that clung to her body and a crop top. The crowd was hooting and
shouting at her due to her outfit.
Answer the following questions based on the scenario described:
1. Why do you think the crowd reacted by hooting and shouting at the woman
wearing tight trousers and a crop top?
2. What is your opinion on the crowd’s reaction and the woman’s choice of
clothing?
3. What advice would you give to your peers about dressing appropriately and
handling such situations?
Instructions:
1. Provide detailed answers to each question, considering social and cultural
factors.
2. Use clear and thoughtful reasoning to explain your opinions and advice.
Activity 2.6
Scenario
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In a local community, residents from diverse cultural backgrounds gather each year
for a traditional festival. During the festival, attendees wear various clothing styles
representing their culture, age, and background. Your role is to observe and understand
the reasons behind the different clothing choices made by people during this event.
Task:
Imagine you are attending the festival. As you observe the attendees, think about
the reasons why people wear clothes in general (e.g., protection, modesty, status,
decoration). List down at least four (4) reasons based on your observations.
Afterwards, create a short report summarising these reasons and link each one to a
specific example from the event.
Instructions:
1. Write a list of at least four reasons for wearing clothes.
2. For each reason, describe an example you observed at the event.
3. Summarise your findings in a report, explaining how the clothing aligns with the
reasons identified.
Self-Assessment
You are attending a formal musical event at your local community hall. Choose an
outfit that is appropriate for the occasion and reflects your style. Explain why you
selected this clothing and how it aligns with both the formality of the event and your
personality.
Extended Reading
Recommended reading materials and links for more information:
Forster, P. (2014). Clothing and textile. Winmat Publishers Limited: AccraLeonardo Ai Image
generatorPinterest.com
Click the links below to read more information on clothing and its classification https://www.google.
com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q=clothing+meaning
https://www.zebustore.com/blogs/fashion-1/what-is-fashion-classification-of-fashion-and-its-
description
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Proper Storage
Storing clothes well will increase their lifespan. Use good-quality hangers to prevent
stretching and distortion of clothing. Fold or hang clothes according to their fabric and
structure. Delicate fabrics may be better folded, while structured items like blazers should
be hung. Use garment bags for special occasion dresses, suits, and delicate items to protect
them from dust and damage.
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Mending Storage
Washing Ironing
Fig 2.11: Some techniques for Caring and Maintaining Clothes (Source: Pinterest.com)
Activity 2.7
Your mother asked you and your brother over the weekend to wash the family dirty
clothes. While sorting the clothes you realised that Daddy’s two shirts have some of
their buttons missing and the pocket of one of the trousers is torn, and one shirt is
badly soiled, while your sibling has chewing gum stuck in her uniform. Some of the
dresses are coloured, some plain with embroidery.
Using your knowledge in care and maintenance of clothing, complete the table below
to describe the best ways/techniques of caring for Daddy’s shirts and trouser; sibling’s
school uniform; coloured and plain dresses.
Problems Solutions
Missing buttons on shirts
Torn pocket on trousers
Soiled shirt
Chewing gum stuck on uniform
Coloured and plain dresses
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Activity 2.8
Instructions: You must think of questions about the processes of caring for and
maintaining clothes in the community.
Question:
Example: What type of clothes do you prefer to wear?
Answer:
Question:
Answer:
Question:
Answer:
Activity 2.9
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Extended Reading
Below are some recommended reading materials and links that you can visit or consult for more
information.
Links:
https://eco-age.com/resources/how-care-your-clothes-and-keep-them-longer/
https://twothirds.com/blogs/posts/10-tips-to-take-care-of-your-clothes
https://www.nytimes.com/guides/tmagazine/how-to-take-care-of-your-clothes
https://medium.com/age-of-awareness/8-ways-to-take-care-of-your-clothes-and-make-them-last-
longer-aa907406fdce
https://simplelionheartlife.com/how-to-take-care-of-your-clothes/
https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/fashion-news/news/a36982/how-to-care-for-your-
clothes/
Wardrobe Planning
Dear learner, you will be guided in selecting appropriate garments to create an organised
and functional wardrobe in this lesson.
Let us now look at the concept of wardrobe.
What is a wardrobe?
A wardrobe is a collection of clothes, accessories and cosmetics. It is the entire collection
of clothing, shoes, and accessories that an individual owns and wears. For example, shirts,
singlets, shorts, trousers, dresses, skirts, blouse, shoes, earring, necklace, pomade, perfume
form part of a wardrobe.
Closet: refers to a small, enclosed space or room used for storing clothing, shoes, and
accessories. It often has organisational systems like shelves, rods, and drawers to manage
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Year 1 SECTION2
and display clothing items. In short, your wardrobe is the collection of clothes, while your
closet is one of the places where you store them.
wardrobe closet
Fig 2.12: Forms of wardrobe
I hope you have enjoyed learning about the concept of wardrobe. Now you are going to learn
about the factors to consider when planning a wardrobe, reasons for wardrobe planning and
types of storage habits.
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Year 1 SECTION2
Hope you have enjoyed learning about the concept of wardrobe, factors to consider when
planning wardrobe. Now let us look at how to plan your wardrobe.
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Wardrobe Planning
The key steps to basic wardrobe planning are to identify your wardrobe needs, build your
core wardrobe, review your wardrobe, optimise and filter out unwanted items.
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Activity 2.10
Activity 2.11
Plan a wardrobe for yourself and write a report on the procedure and share with your
friends.
Activity 2.12
Search the internet, magazines, watch videos and plan a wardrobe for the following
individuals in society. Ensure that you include work clothes, casual everyday clothes
and clothes for events and special occasions.
• Auto mechanic
• Footballer
• Police officer
• Bank worker
Hint: You can use an already made album or prepare your own by using cardboard
or any material.
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Short and plump: If you are short and plump, wear stripes or vertical patterned designs
such as panels, simple styles with vertical tucks or seams to make you look taller.
Tall and Angular (thin/slender): If you are tall and angular (slender), wear separates of
contrasting colour, double-breasted coats and jackets, fabric with bright bold patterns,
dresses that fall from the shoulder or yoke lines. Avoid tight-fighting garments and
clinging fabrics and outfits in one colour.
Tall plump: Wear simple styles, fussy (over-elaborate) frills, interesting collar neckline.
Do not wear sleeves with pleats or gathers at the sleeve head or bold all-over patterns
or fabrics with shinny surfaces.
Figure with large hips: Choose styles that hang from the shoulder or chest yoke line.
Wear separates with a bright top and dark-coloured skirt. Avoid tight belts and tightly
fitting waist and short sleeves.
Figure with a large bust: Wear “V” necklines, one-piece dress, or hip line interest,
separates with a dark top and light skirt. Avoid high neck lines, frills on the bodice and
short sleeves.
Now try these activities. This will bring you closer to new discoveries!
Activity 2.13
Practice good grooming at home. E.g., proper sitting, proper walking, proper talking,
proper eating manners and wearing neat clothes.
Activity 2.14
Sketch your figure type and suggest the type of dress to fit your figure type. Share this
with your friend in class and compare yours with a friend.
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Year 1 SECTION2
Activity 2.15
Find out from sources such as the internet, books and magazines the suitable clothing
for different body types. Report in class for further discussions.
Activity 2.16
In the classroom: Your teacher will guide you to do the following in the classroom
1. Have a panel discussion on good grooming.
2. Role-play to model aspects of good grooming to dress sense.
3. Organise a modelling session on good grooming using appropriate costumes.
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Year 1 SECTION2
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Year 1 SECTION2
1. How will you apply best practices in caring for and maintaining clothes in your
home?
2. How will you store your clothes to prolong their life span?
3. How will the knowledge and skills acquired from the lesson help you appreciate
the need for caring for and maintaining clothes?
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Year 1 SECTION2
1. Your friend missed the lesson on wardrobe planning. Explain the concept of
wardrobe to her in your own words.
2. Zara is always late for work because she spends time searching her wardrobe for
the appropriate clothing to wear. What advice would you give to Zara to address
this problem?
3. How will a well-planned wardrobe benefit you?
4. Describe how you would plan your wardrobe?
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Year 1 SECTION2
1. Explain in your own words, the concepts of good grooming and dress sense
2. Why is good grooming important?
3. Explain how good grooming can be applied to promote dress sense among
individuals.
4. You have been invited to a friend’s birthday party. How will you dress for the
occasion having in mind the lesson on dress sense and figure types? Explain aspects
that will help you choose the best clothes for yourself.
5. Complete the table below by suggesting how the following figure types should
dress appropriately.
Tall plump
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Year 1 SECTION2
Extended Reading
Below are some recommended reading materials and links that you can visit or consult for more
information
https://www.collinsdictionary.com › dictionary › english
https://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/9237/5-simple-ways-to-improve-your-dressing-
sense
https://www.google.com/search?q=hourglass+body+shape&sca_esv=83f986b0ebb106d7&sca_
upv=1&sxsrf=
https://lookiero.co.uk/blog/inverted-triangle-body-shape
References
Forster, P. (2014). Clothing and textiles. Winmat Publishers Limited: Accra - Page 69
Foster A. J. et. Al (1982). Creative Living-Concepts in Home Economics. Glencoe and McGrow –
Hill, New York (pages 529-552)
Valerie. I. Cook (1972). Dress- making Simplified. MacGibbon & Kee. London (pages 44-49)
Forster, P. (2014). Clothing and textile. Winmat Publishers Limited: Accra.
Gavor, E. M., Ampong, I. & Tetteh-Cofie, D. (2014). Clothing and Textiles for Schools and
Colleges. Legon-Accra, Ghana: Adwinsa Publications (Gh) Ltd.
https://www.brainkart.com/article/Wardrobe-Planning_37460/
https://likedasov.live/product_details/53344136.html
https://www.theghanareport.com/chop-box-coffin-reflection-on-our-innovative-inclinations/
https://www.ebay.com/itm/394414603626
https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=b1bb6acd92afcfce&sca_upv=1&sxsrf=ADLYWI-
JoW6kMH64XB8tUpZBlgkf35xZ51A:1717419134001&q=clothes+stored+in+ghana+must
+go+bags&uds=ADvngMjIMKX0y_mSZVg0IdY4_Ns-l3VVt_l9LvqTw5BCExlhNarke5Y-
hW5fWmqhmAMpJCP4ZHQHayWkoM6yx95JXnZ1zGkciWQDuCq0DYZE7N49QtOIB-
K__1kROxLuTd43xzmF_2gSnGtoQ5TUFKLJHOa9HHYZ7bthwsbRWZDFe_9Xw4nL4-
zmOo9NXe_NL7Plps6Hwz38rgUn-ZjUWwvBRGyerK5f6YZcDMsqxgYN2E4RfqOb3kSm-
ljsLKgoIs6m_88TciRYKyl3U3wOZUdUtUPdf87eNQCQNxHH6fC47X8aab179gAU8pqI-
ueuhUytPdIEtyVmXFQ7_mkJbyj_d1l6oODaUUYsyEw&udm=2&prmd=isvnbmz&sa=X-
&ved=2ahUKEwibgqbrvL-GAxUhTkEAHaQQF7sQtKgLegQIDxAB&biw=1536&bi-
h=730&dpr=1.25#vhid=1h1K2nnzDerp3M&vssid=mosaic
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Acknowledgements
List of Contributors
Name Institution
Judith Sakara
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