Standard Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—Sponge or Expanded Rubber’ : ‘This standard is tsued under the fixed designation D 1056: the number immediately flowing ie dvignation indicctes the year of na option or. the case of revision. the yer of las revson. A number in parentheses nde the yer oat eapprona ‘siperript epson (0) indicates a eta change since te ast revien or feappeona ‘This sadard hasbeen approved for ase by percieso he Deparment of Dafne 0 veplace Methods 12001, 12008. 12011, 1202, fr thes Ebi This specification covers flexible cellular rubber prod- Socom us sponge rubbers and expanded rubbers but ey ‘ply to latex foam rubbers, The base material used 7 ufacture may be natural rubber, reclaimed symihetic rubber cr rubber-like materials, alone or in ination. Ebonite cellular rubers are not included. Exmuded or molded shapes of sizes t00 small for gia dard test specimens are difficult to clasify or test {hese methods and will usvally require special testing Jn case of conflict between the provisions of this al specification and those of detailed specifications or ‘of ss for a particular product the later shall take © Reference to these methods for testing cellular products should specifically tate the particular test or sired. 13 The values stated in Suits are to be regarded as the re The following safety hazards caveat pertains Only to st methods sections of this specification: This standard 30! purport to address ali of the safety problems, if any Bead with tts use. It is the responsibility. of the user of ay: wd to establish appropriate safety and health ‘ond decerraine the applicability of regulatory limi- rier fo w3 ferenced Documents ASTM Standards: Be Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression 2 1 Test Method for Rubber Property —Effext of igus? 573 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air Oat Test. Methods for Rubber Properties in Compression? =) 852 Practice for Rubber Conditioning for Low-Temper- re Testing? ‘oxcfeaion under the juisiction of ASTM Committee Deon rar i he des responsibilty of Subcommittee DII 33 on lesine Meets rat edo approved Oct. 15. 1991 Publehed March 1992, Originally 25D 1086-9 T-Lat previous edition © 1056 #8, itl 800k of ASTM Standards, Vo 08.0, 41, 12151 and 12411 of Federal Tew Method Standard No. 601. Conc he BaD tne Spececions and Standards ile Jor aise whieh has ben adie b-the Desormcn of Dek DIITI Test Method for Rubber Deterioration—Surface Ozone Cracking Outdoors or Chamber (Triangular Specimens)? 13182 Practice for Rubber—Materials, Equipment, and Procedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Pre- paring Standard Vuleanized Sheets? 3183 Practice for Rubber—Preparation of Pieces for Test Purposes from Products? 3. Terminology 3.1 Descripricns of Terms Specific to This Standard: 1.1 cellular material—a generic term for materials con- taining many cells (either open, closed, or both) dispersed throughout the mass. 3.1.2 expanded rubher—cellular rubber having closed cells made from a solid rubber compéuind, 3.1.3 flexible cellular—a flexible cellular organic poly- nisric material will not rupture within 60 s when a specimen 200 by 25 by 25 mm (8 by I by I in) is bent’ around a 25.mm (|-in,) diameter mandrel at a uniform rate of one lap in $ sin the form ofa helix at a terperature betweon 18 and 29°C (65 and 85°F). 3.1.4 rubber—a material that is capables of recovering from large deformations quickly and forcibly, and can be, or already is, modified to a state in which it is essentially insoluble (but can swell) in boiling solvent, such as benzene, methyl etayl ketone. and cthanol—toluene azeotrope. 3.1.4." Discussion—A rubber in its modified state, free of within 1 min to less than 1.5 times its + cing stretched at room temperature (20 is length and held for 1 min before release. . a—a relatively dense layer at the surface of a cellular material. 3.1.5.1 Diseussion—Normally, this skin is formed by contact with the mold or cover plates during manufacture. Molded open-cell (sponge) parts usually have a skin on all surfaces, except when cut to length from longer strips. Payts made by curting from open-cell (sponge) sheets usually have skin on two faces and open cells at the cut edges. Closed-cell (expanded) rubber sheets are frequently split from thicker pieces and consequently do not have the skin faces. On some products it is desirable 10 add a solid rubber skin coating, = ‘The use to which the cellular rubber product is to be put determines the thickness of added skin required. Products subject 10 withstand absorotion of water or transmission of gases will ordinarily sequire an applied skin coating. Closed-cell (cx- pandeiii ruober does not usually require an added skin for jon or open-cell (sponge) rubber which must ~reasons, In all cases where a skin is applied, there Pould be good adhesion between it and the cellular rubber 3.1.6 sponge rubber—celiular rubber consisting predomi- ‘newly of open cells made from a solid rubber compound, “4. Classification (Types, Classes, Grades, and Sufix Let- ters) 4.1. Types—These specifications cover two types of eel lular rubber designated by the prefix numbers | and 2. 4.1.1 Type [Open cell rubber. 4.12 Type 2—Closed cell rubber. : AT Classes Both pes are divided into four classes esignated by the letters 4, J, C, and D added to the number 2 ber fic fesisiance, se pile is nol required. —_ ‘synthetic ction.of pers ‘Glass B—Cellular rubbers made from rubber or rubber-like materials alone or in combination, ~ Gag toring specifi requirements fr ol esitance with low vel 423 Class C—Cellular rubbers made from synthetic rubber or rubberlike materials alone or in combination, having specific requirements for oil resistance with medium ib D 1056 madg from natural,’ ‘ 43 Grades—Each type and class has beru divided into a umber of efferent grades. Each grade is based on a specific range of firmness as expressed by compression-deflection (Gee Sections 18 to 21). Grades are designated by disit, the Sofie grades being identified with the lower numbers and the higher grades being identified with the higher numbers. “431 Grade O—For Type 1 cellular rubbers only, a compression-deflection range of 3.5 t0 15 kPa (0.5 102 psi) 432 Grade 1—For Types 1 and 2 cellular rubbers, @ compression-deflection range of 15 to 35 kPa (2 to 5 psi) 433 Grade 2—Fot Types 1 and 2 cellular rubbers, a compression-deflection range of 35 to 65 KPa (5 10 9 psi. 434 Grade 3—F 1. and. 2, cellular rubbers 8 eR Sieistenortaee aes 9 rs Sto Tyra | ‘4.3.5 Grade 4—For Types | and 2 cellular rubbers, a “aad KPa (1310 17 ps. cellular rubbers, a 170 KPa (17 to 25 compression-defletion range of 90 t0 4.3.6 Grade S—For Types 1 and compression-deflection range of 120 to si) 5, Materials end Manufacture 5. Sponge Rubbers—Sponge rubbers are made by incor porating into the compound an inflating agent, such a» Fodium bicarbonate, that gives off @ gas which expands the ‘mass during the vulcanization process. Sponge rubbers are swell a “a Class D—Cellular rubbers made from synthetic manufactured in sheet, strip, molded, or special shapes. Fn rubber or rubber-like materials alone or in combination Unless otherwise specified, sheet and strip sponge rubber Fue, aoa ia emens for extreme temperature ress- shall have a_ natural skin on toth the top and bottom | yg tance (—7$ to 175°C) (103 to 347°F), but specific resistance surfaces. Fabric surface impressions are ordinarily not objec it {o the action of petroleum-base oils is not require. tionable, The coarseness of the impressions shall be agreed fe [TABLE 1 Physical Requirements of Cellular Rubbers, Type 1. Open-Ceil Sponge e = Teak Rago Tegutemorts hase By Su (a= : ' aa ‘Biot SF ‘Sie Fe | onagoszenat CB Zeer) Compression persue in | rose Gampresion Detection, 70°C 88°F) chan OE CS re” conoresn Set a a | once, STGaaUn eat onmgivouee rerenes? Rapnson manatee CAM owe ; Pa (pai) asm OF se (158°F), 50% from Orignal = | RrasTM O! ” Get Vokes Saat, max x oe i I eas Se oSeSimars cefecon ss, Defecionvates. fp ea oa x = Gass Nw ease gis | Dy . Te SEA 2 6 = @ nu pees 8 z 3 i J os BSED 0 8 = S ~~ ie eee 2 8 s = BRD pe) s = s wae, Soewaoasin 2 5 s = Yes | Weonog-25 2 is Gis 6 Oren, ow Swed a EOS seve 7a a % = eH ses “0 = wee Beato 0) Tees | 0 ‘e 2 ie Bea ID Teens | Bo a = tet Sosiagnsemn Teer | i ° % i Wes taovouray seed std a 1 i Tass 6 Oreos Hasn Sat | ease 3 1 sows am 2 = © it 1D wows 20 = = © jee Sse, Hoes 220 2 5 = A ie ses) Hows 20 = s so ia wesc Tees =e Fy S Pe ‘ 1h Yeetinvergy —owseo = % 5 :, = as Ga ir gaa GH Corns Sn na TASTS 1 |PuOS TOR pal enc SEDW een He aR trom be otal gest tan 220%. 2ed into a jh D 1056 TASLE 2 Physical Requirements of Celutar Rubber Best Requrents ‘Type 2, Closog-col| Expenaea eens Ras By Sut tere steno Tae Oro 7 Dn ser s w2vC TSS) Change TOC (zen, Change erpretion Sol Eh (cage Cameras Detection 25% Dstee- Tiel im AST tam Ong Wa ADLOBHEN Room Terpertne 50 oe eed ayer) ‘ioe at” Conse Detection PON WOMEN ORT ane oa : ‘Ban 3 ates (uns very st cer Temezratue, max ® Gas A Nani Racers i BOO Resa tow Seeks a waRS ‘s ry z = 22 ee, 2 330 3 a 25 5-30 601 2 20 5 2 Poe 120-120 5-17) 2 330 5 B 2s 20-170 (17-25) 2 330 3 3 ‘Gees C OF Renae, achn Soe ma Baro 180 30 5 2 ze 05 9) 10 30 5 a a S00) 0 5 2 4 0-700 05-19 20 5 3s a 120-170 (17-25) 0 5 2 “Ths et eee Sectors 9066 ofthese epecicator) a wl sharma R Refrmoo Fal ls wsad a place of te uifolreastarce wat vale ange No. 3 oltorta folowing reason. Or ser sanerson of foxes Goss onhas mater yu cues os gos. by aian eau th satened cl le tet esas ‘na aruage oe fst sampe Ths shrckage cocterats he swat hat woud Aomaly ore terre rvaksang ts! Ste basa on voumse ange Referee 16 Bie vee becauae@ produeeea wide aa more cena Sfrosaton among he & snd C laoes than Coes the NO. 3 Ol "For alr ataris wt cole 160 my (10 HY) ees, ha vale of wate absnpin alow is 10% may by wey, For Sensi of ore han 160 kam? 70.B/) be vaue of witoraberpton fe 5 & MBE DY WORE © Sandra ol renstaoe tea iethode gre nedroste resus on dead osulrmaterals. Ths test gvoe eter shel be obtained by ses mac of suas sare conten. “ho figsos ol 150% massmar lars © and 50% marmen Cae B spp to Ost matarals having densi o! more than 160g) (10 1) For ear mats wot det 10 ep or nse th tales of map macs targe alowed are 250 for lass © ana 109 for Cless generat neat f el raztance but more abe upon by the parties c ancerned. 52 Expanded Rubbers—Closed-cell rubbers are made by incorporating gas forming ingredients in the rubber com- ound, or by subjecting the compound to high pressure gas such as nitrogen. Expanded rubbers are manufactured in sheet, strip, molded, and special shapes by molding or extruding, Unless otherwise specified, the presence of skin on the top or bottom surfaces of sheet and strip expanded rubber shall betoptional. Extruded shapes have skin on all surfaces except cut ends, 6. Physical Properties 6.1 The various grades of cellular rubber shall conform to the requirements as to physical properties in Tables 1, 2, and 5, together with any additional requirements indicated by suffix letters in the grade designations as described in Section 4 and Table 3, . 17. Tolerances on Dimensions 7.1. Tolerances on dimensions of cellular rubber products shall be as specified in Table 4 8. Color 8.1 Unless otherwise specified, the color of cellular rub- bers shall be black. 9. Workmanship, Fish, and Appearance 9.1 Cellular rubbers furnished under this specification shall be manufactured from natural rubber, synthetic rubber, oF rubberlike materials together with edded compounding ingredients of such nature and quality that the finished product complies with the specification requirements. In permitting choice in use of those materials by the produccr, itis not imtended to imply thatthe different rubber materials are equivalent in respect to all physical properties. Any special characteristics other than those prescribed in this specification which may be desired for specific applications shall be specified in the product specifications, as they may influence the choice of the type of rubber material or other ingredients used. All materials and workmanshjp shall be in accordance with good commercial practice, and'the resulting cellular rubbers shall be free from defects affecting servce- ability 10. Test Methods 10.1 Unless specifically sfated otherwise, all tests shall be ‘made in accordance with the methods specified in Sections 13 through 33 and Table 3. AL, Inspection and Rejection L1.L All tests and inspection shall be made at the place of manufacture prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified, ‘The manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reasonableQh 0 1056 TABLE 3_ASTM Test Metnods* coe Rearend fesixtePemmenetor Bese Regueemenis 1 2 2 4 ‘unter Taapontion Ootecion” i066, Secon Tw A » Hem besstaree 1038, Secons 18167 ‘ange mcompressen ‘eoston star 99937 doe ervorc ceeer canesetance (18 and16 + D688, Secon 2 108, + ners ov nator vser) comers Sn (1A 18, "01058, Sectara 280 Teicruons ony" ema oro ase : So catacion sean seeniey 2 RT congreson Set (‘Dont 0105S Soca 20 2. Zprcoers Oo) Brawrcez. Ba eter om rmcorey FT We Absepton @&. 28, DE, Sectors 31 1089 x pee es son au Seip ere sectaaes lemme we scoenss “orate sass Oss eee ONES = chert byes Share eee sere, fear, § mers, Sty ae wnat 001°C Bhat 125 2 1°C Be n-at 150£1°C wena i521 es giana en aioe ‘ eased pean ceases ! Semen ieee Bryer eas gure meee sean pm era enc pcaieemass Boon Sacer canter oes bales emcee “cmennea ati Barer ober Sie Behn EM Se ten pene nanes is poo eae ecreias ee Ressiance! suf P Sioneg esstnoe® ‘uti A, Raserco® Sus 2, Specat equvements® The anagraiow SW obo etis a AST 0 1056, Spates Pt Ger Wena Sponge ot Expand Rubber, Sectors 12107. lo 4171 test br Rubber Deteoron-Surase Ozona Cracking Quiero Corte rang Spesines) rat metod and waves to be srangesvetwoon the purchaser ar the sole £ fetige to be eangod between tha purchaser and fe SUPE Fata? lor matenals having Gentes of 160 ka? (10 yt) se. Fee a ayer aonces sok sponge rst coranng nate ecsina, sna, o Bands fhe soars wit 9 comeransn defacto wt Cae a rssh sore 0 retace are requrng Mean fe tas tess a water stance tt un accorcance wh Tat eee ee ee er hein h, eda ow-tomperahe fest at ~40°C (-40°F). Exes of specteaton conversions ae gven Table 6. facilites for tests and inspection, Section 14, shall be visually-inspected to determine compli- 11.2 The purchaser may make the tests and inspection to ance with the material, workmanship, and color require- ‘gover acceptance or rejection of the material at his own ments. Inboratory or elsewhere. Such tests and inspection shall be 11.4 Any material that fails in one or more of the test made nbt later than 15 days after receipt of the material, requirements may be retested. For this purpose, two addi- 113 All samples for testing, provided as specified in tional tests shall be made for the requirement in which)) D 1086 sient her 8 were a TABLE 4 Physical Requitements of Cass D~Extreme Temperature-Resistant Cellular Rubber (C75 10 +175°C (~103 to 4367°F)) Bese Rainer Ccrmerson _Grmrasson ae Satin, Sn Laetenpiey, SEES ae stepten eet low eng ease Comprssion Detection “at80229 Shat-seame | ie Cora ere aes conale ees ecer Meee Seren Gegeror Game SOMMAER Reem tonowe | ET ai Seu Ba at oremn ea nomraa rete oa enc aera oman) cia, canta, asin “attr Chetan ~ Curse an a Compression ‘Compression oe oe See ia ee EEES = z a ; = 3 $SE9 Z ; % 3 e oo 8 : 8 FA - > 16-25 (2-5) ed 5 ” s £883, $ : 5 : sete 2 : 3 ; ; oa 8 $ S 5 150-205 22-20) TABLE 5 Tolerances on Dimensions of Collular Rubber Products for General Applications an Trina ‘Leng ana wet Dinanon Fourwen Sm (ny Dineen Tameree, 2 tn) Sponge Auber Bret and sei Wwe nde De se apd der "Ts tea ver 3.24) 10 127 (4) et oats 92 06) Over 121 1) 120%) Oss, sc or specal shapes «Ba ( 1 an under O80 08.) Over 84 94) 80762.) 18) (ver 5a (1) £976 (3) 1e0K ‘Over 762) 10487 (18) mes 3200) Ove. 57 8h ase Eigarded Authors a aaa Sapa a7 iawe 16 va) 52 around Sana Beer 12.08) 2400) Ove 152 16) 10305 12)ne 3608) Over 295 12) at Wossnd or spect capes 324) 127 CH) 1800. 152) ensures B49) ‘Geer 127 (i) 0381 (198 net 2488 ver 152 (6 6305 (12) nt 25h) Geer Se alto 762 0) 3 vr 905 12) 3% TABLE 6 Examples of Specification Conversion RETO Ose STH D085 = 75 ‘Aara0 1086 77 STD 086 Rea BF RES BF cal ZAt FT See 43 8cr2 Re as eceare Re «3 eacte2r2 293 82012 SE «2 Rewer Fe azer 22 S50 120°! 580 1281 S80 1281F1 $02 01F1 500 19 0F2 Sco 132 500 19 Gare 1c3 cara failure occurred. Failure to either of the retest shall be cause {or final rejection. 11.5 Rejected material shall be disposed of as directed by the manufacturer. 12, Packaging and Package Marking 12.1. The material shall be propetly and adequately pack- aged. Each package cr container shall be legibly marked with the name of the material, name or trademark of the manu- facturer, and any required purchaser's designations. GENERAL TEST METHODS * 13. Scope 13.1 Except as otherwise specified in these test methods for cellular rubbers, the following ASTM methods and the various test methods in Table 3, applicable in general to vulcanized rubber, shall be complied with as required and are hereby made a part of these test methods: 13.1 General Physical Test Requirements—Practices D 3182 and D 3183. 13.1.2 Aging Test—Test Method D $73, with modifica tions as described in Sections 16 and:17 of this specification,3 Compression Sei, Suffix B—Method described in dons 22 to 24 of this specification, 13.1.4 Fluid Immersion, Suffix E—Test Method D471 and Sections 25, 26 or 34 to 37 of this specification, 13.15 Low-Temperature Test, Suffixes F1, F2, and F3— Method described in Sections 27 to 30 of this specification, Suitable low-temperature cabinets and conditioning proce- dures are described in Practicé D'832. 13.2 In case of conflict between provisions of the above ‘methods and the-procedures herein specifically deseribed for | cellular rubbers, the latter shall take precedence 14, Sampling. 14.1 When possible, the completed manufactured product shall be used for the tests specified. Representative samples ‘of the lot being cxamined shall be selected at random a8 required, 14.2 When it is necessary or advisable to obtain test specimens from the article, as in those cases where the entire sample is not required of adaptable for testing, the method of {cutting and the exact position from which specimens are 10 ‘be taken shall be specified. The apparent density and the state of cure may vary in different parts of the finished product, especially if the article is of complicated shape or of varying thickness, and these factors affect the physical properties of the specimens, Also, the apparent density is affected by the number of cut surfaces as opposed to the number of skin-covered surfaces on the test specimen. 14.3 When the finished product does not lend itself to testing or to the taking of test specimens because of compli- cated shape, small size, metal or fabric inserts. solid covers, adhesion to metal, or other reasons, standard test slabs shall be prepared. When differences due to the difficulty in “obtaining suitable test specimens from the finished part arise, ‘manufacturer and purchasir may agree on acceptable devia- tions. This can be done by comparing results of standard test specimens and those obtained on actual parts. 14 15. Test Specimens ang Slabs 15.1 Test Specimons—Standard test Specimens shall be disks 28.68 mm (1.129 in.) in diameter. The specimens may be cut with a revolving die? using a soap solution as a lubricant. IF 2 lubricant is used, the specimens shall be i thoroughly dried before proceeding with the esting. In some { cases it may be necessary 10 freeze the cellular rubber to obiain parallel cut edges. When cut from standard test slabs they shall be cut from the center area as shown in Fig. 1. The ness shall be measured as deseribed in 15.3.2. As stated under the test methods, the minimum thickness of test specimens is 6.35 mm (1/ in.). Pled-up samples may be used as indicated in the test methods for compression set and compression deflection (see Note in 19.1). 152 Test Slabs—Standard test sabs of al types of cellular rubber shall be pieces.150 = 5 mm (nominally 6 in.) square and 125 + 0.5 mm (nominally 0.5 in.) in thickness made from the seme compound and having the same apparent density and state of cure as the product they represent. Jo all 2 a astnctory de and its menod of application are describe in Section 4 of ‘esi Methus D375, Tet for Rubber Properss i Combresion. wich appa in the mae! Book of ASTM Standart Par. Gs D 1056. isiean (bm) — =m FIG. 1 Location From Which Standard Test Specimens Are to be ‘Gut When Testing Standard Test Slabs or Commercial Fiat Shoets cases the surfice skin shall be left intact on both top andagy bottom faces of the test slab. Standard test slabs shall be prepared either by cutting them from flat sheets of the specified thickness or as described in 15.2.1, or 15.2.2 15.2.1 When specially prepared standard test slabs of sponge rubber are required, they shall be made using the fame shown in Fig, 2 together with top and bottom plates ‘each approximately 12.7 mm (0.50 in.) in thickness. The frame and plates shall be made of aluminum or stel. The stock shall be in sheet form eut into squares slightly smaller than the frame cavities. The thickness of the square sheets shall be such as to give the required apparent density when the material is blown during cure to fill the molding cavities. ‘The squares of stock shall be dusted with tale and the excess brushed off to avoid pitting. They’shall then be placed in the frame, and fabric sheeting shall be applied on the top and bottom between the frame and the plates to allow veriting of, gases produced during the cure. This fabric shall be a com- Bian | TF ft | sszdnn (oi) | | g Bae | § ia} II i 3 Ele ss2-tmm (bi) spistann ad fl a rent era agli a) FIG. 2 FourCavity Frame for Standard Test Slabs of Cellular ‘Rubbers.F hiercial sheeting with a miass of approximately 135 p/m? (4 /yé), having approximately 2.75 ends/mm (70 ends/in.) fand 2.36 picks/mm (60 picks/in.). The specimens shall be wulcanized in 2 platen press under conditions of time and Flemperature chosen to produce the seme state of cure in the Estandard slabs as in the finished products they represent, inded rubber are required. they shall be made using the “ime process that was used for the product to be represented Ipjthe test slab. The specimens shall be prepared to have ‘proximately the same density, and shall be voleanized ier conditions of time and temperature chosen to produce the same sate of cure, inthe standard slabs. as in the finished Eproducts they represent. 345.3. Measurements of Test Specimens “p183.1 The length and widih shall be measured to 0.5 mm {0.02 in), Care shall be taken not to distort the cellular rubber. E £15.32 Thicknesses up to and including 25.4 mm (I in.) shall be measured using a dial-type gage* having a maximum seem and foot mass of 25 g and a foot 31.8 mm (1% in.) in ameter, Thicknesses over 25.4 mm (1 in.) shall be mes. ‘ged using a sliding caliper gage or as specified in 15.3.1 a sliding caliper gage is eraployed. the gage scting Sal be made with tne gage out oF contact with the ceful ber. The sample shall be passed through the previously set B rigs and the proper setting shall be the one when the Ietsuring faces of the gage contact the surfaces ofthe article Without compressing it. E1533 The steel scale or tape used to measure length oF P width shall be graduated to mm (og Ysa in.) The dial gage for measuring thickness shall be graduated to 0.02 mm (or (0001 in.). The calipers used for measuring thickness shall be sraduated to 0.1 mm (or 0.005 in.) 15.3.4 Results reported shal be the average of a minimum of three measurements. Hl ACCILERATED AGING TESTS 16, Test Specimen: { 16, ‘The test specimen used in any of the aging tess shall | bé that required: by the cellular rubber methods for the E particular determination to be employed for measuring the effect of the aging exposure. 11, Procedure 17.1 The air-oven aging test as described in Test Method D373, shall be used for cellular rubbers, except that sample size shall be appropriate for compression-deflection testing. Deterioration shall be expressed as percent change of com- pression-deflection values.* No relation between accelerated aging tests and natural aging is given or implied, COMPRESSION-DEFLECTION TESTS 18. Apparatus ’ 18.1 Any compression machine that meets the following, “4A gage similar to Federal Products Co. No, $7 BI-V7692 is satisfstor for ie ppm “"ihzeompeeson-fetion test shuld be based on the nal (hefore tig) @ 1056 requirements will be satisfactory. The machine shall be capable of compressing the specimen at arate of 12.5 t0 50.8 mmymin (0.5 t0 2 inmin) gently without impact. The ‘machine may be motor- or hand-driven. It shall be equipped with 2 gage to measure the deflection caused by the increase in load, The rate of compression ofthe specimen is specified rather than the rate of the compressing platform of the ‘machine. This isan important consideration when scales are tsed, since sponges of various compression-deflection char- acteristics will require different times to compress 25 % due to the travel of the scale plasform under varying loads 18.2. The deflection shall be read on a dial gage graduated in 0.02 mm (or 0.001 in.). No gage is necessary if the ‘machine automatically compresses the specimen 25 % 19. Test Specimens 19.1 Standard test specimens shall be used for this test. They shall be cut so that opposite edges are parallel, either from the finished product in a manner agreed upon by the parties concerned or, as shown in Fig. 1, from standard test slabs or from flat sheets. The thickness of the test specimens may vary, but shall be measured and stated in the report ‘The minimum thickness shall be 6.35 mm (¥ in.), Thin samples may be plied-up to obtain this thickness. or @ standard test slab may be used if agreed upon by the ‘manufacturer and the purchaser. Nore—In sponge rubbers ting the tame compound, thin soetions ‘under 6 mm (0.25 in.) do not blow inthe same manner as those over 6 tm (0.25 in), The thinner sections are usually higher in compzesson deflection and density. However, in closed-cell (expanded) rubbers where thin sheet are split from thicker sheets there is usually ery litle Gilference between the thin sheet snd thicker sheets. 20, Procedure 20.1 Cellular rubbers ess than 6.35 mm (4 in.) in thickness shall be tested by plying up tH proper number of plies to obtain a thickness as near 12.7 mm (¥2 in.) as possible. Compress the standard test specimen between the paraliel metal plates of the machine until the thickness has been reduced 25%, and take the reading of the load immediately. Repeat the test with the same specimen until the load readings do not change more than 5 %. The top and bottom plates shall be at least 38 mm (1.5 in.) in diameter. 21. Report : 21.1 The unit load required for the last reading, expressed in kilopascals (or pounds per square inch), shall be reporied as the result of the compression-deflection test. COMPRESSION SET UNDER CONSTANT REFLECTION (CALCULATIONS BASED ON AMOUNT. OF DEFLECTION) 22. Test Specimens 22.1 Standard test specimens shall be used for this test They shall be cut so that opposite edges are parallel, either from the finished product in a manner agreed upon by the parties concerned, or, as shown in Fig. 1, from standard test slabs or from commercial flat sheets. The thickness of the test specimens may vary, but shall be measured and stated in the report. The minimum thickness for open-cell sponge rubber shall be 6 mm ('A in,). These samples of open-cell sponge rubber may be plied up to abtain this thickness. TheAirickness for closed-cell expanded rubber shall be (i in). Thin samples of closed-cell expanded shall not be plied up to obtain this thickness. A fard test specimen may be used for either open-cell mnge or closed expanded material, if agreed upon between fhe manufacturer and the purchaser. 23, Procedure 23.1 The apparatus and procedure shell be the same as that prescribed in Method B of Test Methods D 395, except 28 follows: For open-cell (sponge) rubbers. compress test specimens to 50 % of their original thicknesses. Release the Toad at the end of the test period and measure the thickness after 30 min rest at room temperature. For close-cell (expanded) rubbers, compress zest specimens 10 50 % of their original thicknesses. Release tke load at the end of the test period and measure the thickness after 24 h at room temperature. In both cases (open-cell sponge and closed-cell expanded rubbers) measure the thickness as described in | 15132. The temperature of the test for open-cell (sponge) Fg sher shall be 70 + 2°C (158 + 3.6°F), except for class TO i €2521. The temperature of the test for closed-cell (ex- panded) rubbers shall be 23 °C (73.4 = 3.6°F), except for class TE rubbers. For class TE and TO rubbers, the temper- ture ofthe test shall be 100 + 1*C (212 + 18°F). The time of the test shall be as specified. Chromiumeplated metal plates are not required, Aluminum plates or any stiff plates, that are clean and smooth, and that will not deflect measur- ably under the load necessary for deflection of the specimen, may be used. 24, Calculation ¢ 24.1 Calculate percent compression set as follows: Compression se. = {1g ~ ts {lo~ 10} * 100 where: 715 ty = original thickness, 1, © thickness of specimen after specified recovery period, and i 1, = thickness of spacer bar used. ee OILAMMERSION TEST ‘OPEN-CELL (SPONGE), TABLE | 25, Test Specimens 25.1 Standard test specimens approximately 12.5 mm (2 in.) in thickness shall be used.for this test. The diameter and thickness shall be measured before and after immersion in the specified petroleum-base oil for 22 h at 70°C (158°F) and the percent change in Yolume calculated. Three specimens shall be run on each test and the average of the three values reported. 26. Procedure 26.1 Follow the procedure of Test Method D 471, using petroleum base oil No. 3. b D 1056 aS LOW-TEMPERATURE TEST SUFFIX Fi, =40°C (-40°F) SURFIX F2, -55°C (677) SUFFIX. F3, ~75°C (-103°F) 27. Apparatus 27.1. The apparatus shall consist of two parallel plates at least 38 mm (1.5 in.) in diameter, one of which is movable ‘and the other one stationary, a means of applying a load, and, ‘a means of accurately measuring the distance between the ‘parallel plates. 28, Test Specimens 28.1 Standard test specimens shall be used fc: this test ‘The thickness shall be measured and stated in the report. The minimum thickness shall be 6.3 mm (Ye in.). Plied-up samples are not satisfactory. The specimen shall be dried in a desiceator for 16 h before testing. 29, Procedure 29,1 Measure the compression deflection of the specimen fist at room temperature and record the loadin kilopascals (or pounds per square inch) necessary to obtain a 25 % defection, Pace the specimen inthe cold box for Sh atthe Spesfed temperature, atthe end of which time apply the previously determined load & rapidly as possible while the Spevimens are sill inthe cold box, and record the deflection vathin 308 30. Calculation 30.1 Calculate percent change in deflection 2s follows: C= [\D ~ EyD] x 100 where: C = percent change in deflection” “ D = deflection at room temperature, and E = deflection at temperature of test. WATER ABSORPTION TEST 31. Scope 31.1 The water absorption test (see footnote A of Table 2) js apoliceble to expanded rubbers (closed-cell type). It should not be used on sponge rubbers or latex foam rubbers (open-cell type) unless they are completely encased in an added skin. 32, Test Specimens 32.1 Test specimens approximately 12.5 mm (V2 in.) in thickness and 2500 mm? (4 in) in area shall be used for this, test, Round specimens are preferable. 33, Procedure 33.1 Submerge specimens in distilled watcr at room temperature (18 t0 35°C, or 65 to 95°F) SO mm (2 in.) below the surface of the water, and reduce the pressure above the ‘water to 17 kPa (2.5 psi absolute) for 3 min. Releasé the ‘vacuum, and allow the specimen to remain submerged for 3 38 dna, LUI 34, Ap 34.1 weighit paper, 35. Te 35.1 (nomir specim 36. Pr 36.1qh 0 1056 ‘min at atmospheric pressure. Remove the specimen, blot dry, and calculate the percent change in mass . FLUID IMMERSION TEST, CLOSED CELL (EXPANDED) (GEE FOOTNOTE B, TABLE 2) 34, Apparatus et 34.1 Equipment required is analytical balance, tared ‘st F weighing bottles, sereens, ASTM Reference Fuel B, filter BS | paper, 250-cm’ (8-07) containers. thy 35, Test Specimens 35.1 The test specimens shall be 25 by 50 by 6 mm ~inominally 1 by 2 by % in.) It is preferable that the specimeas be cut with clean, square edges. 36. Procedure 36.1 Weigh the specimens to the nearest 0.0001 g. Place & rnoncortosive screen having 2-mm openings (10-mesh) on the “pottom of the container. Alternatively place specimens of one fietcrial and screens into the cans. Use one can per material, Filfthe cans with ASTM Reference Fuel B and seal ‘vith their lids. Store the cans for 7 days at a temperature of 35 + 2C, Remove one specimen at a time from the test fluid. Without squeezing the specimen, place it on top of one ‘sheet of filter paper and immediately place a second sheet of fiter paper on top of it. Blot lightly without squeezing, then femove the top filter paper and slide the specimen from the bottom filter paper into a tared weighing bottle. Determine the mass of the specimen to the nearest 0.0001 e. 37. Caleulation 37.1 Calculate the percent change in mass 38, Keywords 38.1 expanded rubber; flexible cellular, sponge 4 tne Amer Seif oir an ater aes pin epectig ta vay of any art iis sve Some ec men Sci ten, Ure is ancrd re xresn aed ta termination of teva ry 51> MER per sos rato bingo’ ef ue MRS, ae erie ar ow econo reo aris tnd sbi! torso tary tee by terest che! ert and Tus Dt reves een Tet Ys wd ala ni add sbi! er tee, YuT corerrn ee ved ett fo revtn of is stander cfr ection nerds ‘= {tei rid eave. Yor caer wi eave crt conadern att meeting ote rates 5% ne atnt bm actress (AST on Yuta ta acorns hare nt eee fran ye SHEMAE make Your the Sea el Commits a Sesuee, 076 Race i, Piss PA 19703, ae ihe the : ald ers in hisfenton 8 Suectrications roR SponcE AND CELLULAR Ruvaer Propucts (D 1056) Type RA Cellular rubbers made from Murai rubber, reclaimed rubber, syn- tic rubber, or rubber-like materials, “alone or in combinations where specific resistance to the action of petroleum base oils is not requized Type S.—Cellular rubbers made from synthetic rubber or rubber-like materials alone or in combination, having specific requirements for resistance to the action of petroleum-base oils or other organic fluids, Classes and Grades of Cellular Rubbers 5. (@) Classes.—Type $ rubbers are divided .nto two classes desiguated by the letters B and C added to the S prefix, as follows: Class SB—Cellular from synthetic rubber materi swell, Class SC.—Cellular rubbers: made from synthetic rubber or rubbor-like materials having oil resistance with medium swell, ‘Type R and $ rubbers are divided into Wo classes designated by the leticr 0 for open cell sponge rubbers and # for closed cell expanded rubbers. (6) Gradés-—Each type of cellular ruly- bers has @ number of different grad ‘The grades shall be designated by num. bers following prefix letters, Grade Numbers shall consist of two digits, the first of which identifies, the Kind of cellular rubbers as follows: 1—Sponge rubbeis, and 4—Expanded rubbers, « ‘The second digit is used to indicate the degree of firmness of the cellular rubbers, the softer: grades being identified with the lower numbers and the firmer graites being identified with the higher numbers (see Tables ¥ to Tt), Sufiz Letters may be added singly o in combination after any grade number to indicate: additional requirements be- Yond those specified in Tables 1 to If rubbers made or rubber-like s having wil resistance with low as basic requirements. The significana | of the Approved sullix letters is as {oh lows: Sorrex Linens B—Compresin! Set Test reared vid values as:specifed in Table HT, | C—Weather Resistance,** D—Load Deiection,* EOll Resistange. This is a basic rep ment io ‘ables I and IIT. M—Low-Tempefature Brittionéss at —07 Required with valucs as specifed Tables I, Hf, and IIT. F2-—Low-Temperature Brittleness at 67 5 G—Tear Resistance.* : H—Flex Resistance.” J—Abrasion Resistance.* K—Adhesion Resistance. 1-Woter Resistaice, Test required with yt es 26 spepified in Tables I, 1, wl nia ‘M—FlanmabitityfResistance,* i N—Impact Resistince.* P--Non-Staining,® R—Resilience,* Special Requiernents.t e SeTue a bo nub acording tn te ig \ af Ta for Westar ene? Met Automotive Rubber Compounds (ASTM Desig. nation: D 1171), with ratings to be arranged aq Votwoen the vurchasar and ees 20,68 2 i Tien mahad on betweon the purchaser att Norm: Hxomple—Grade RO 11 CF denote 4 extra soit sponge rubber containing natura te j chimed synthetic, oF Mens of thee eae u pth « load defection valus of 3! = 134 pa having no specific solvent or oil rsistareae | auiténient, and requiring in addition to the hace tests a weather resistance test and alonten erature test at —40 F. 3 Material and Workmanship 6. Cellular rubbers furnished undet these specifications shall be manufac tured from natural rubber, syntheti rubber, or rubber-like . materials to. gether with added) compounding nig. dients of such nature and quality that the ‘inished product complies with ‘the: specffication requirements, In Detiattng jAppeats in Uhis publication, sco Contin: in Numeric Sequence of ANTN Desienceere fess